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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ovipositional response of threeHeliothis species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to allelochemicals from cultivated and wild host plants (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 1817-1827 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cotton ; groundcherry ; tobacco ; Gossypium ; Desmodium ; Physalis ; plant-insect interaction ; host-plant resistance ; Heliothis spp. ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; oviposition stimulant ; oviposition deterrent
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The role of plant allelochemicals on the oviposition behavior ofHeliothis virescens (F.),H. subflexa (Guenee), andH. zea (Boddie) was investigated in the laboratory using a “choice” bioassay system. Fresh young leaves of tobacco,Desmodium tortuosum (Swartz) de Candolle, groundcherry (Physalis angulata L.), and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) squares (flower buds) were washed in methylene chloride or methanol, concentrated to 1 g equivalent of washed material, and applied to a cloth oviposition substrate. Each of the extracts—including groundcherry, a nonhost—stimulated oviposition byH. virescens. H. subflexa were stimulated to oviposit by groundcherry extract, its normal host, and extract from cotton squares, a nonhost. None of the extracts stimulated oviposition byH. zea, although all except groundcherry were from reported hosts. The sensitivity of the bioassay was confirmed by givingH. virescens andH. subflexa an opportunity to choose between extracts that showed stimulant qualities when tested independently versus only solvent-treated controls. In these tests, tobacco showed the highest level of stimulant activity forH. virescens; groundcherry exhibited the highest level of stimulation forH. subflexa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020496
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of male cabbage looper sex pheromone attractive to females (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 441-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Male-produced pheromone ; cabbage looper ; Trichoplusia ni ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; female attractant ; linalool ; p-cresol ; m-cresol ; enantiomers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A multicomponent pheromone produced by male cabbage looper moths that is attractive to female moths in a flight tunnel bioassay was isolated and identified. Based on analyses of hairpencil extracts of male cabbage loopers and volatiles emitted by males, the pheromone has been identified as a blend consisting of (S)-(+)-linalool,p-cresol, andm-cresol. The chirality of the major component, (S)-(+)-linalool, is important for behavioral response of females. These pheromonal compounds were also identified as volatiles released by males when males were exposed to the principal pheromone component of female cabbage loopers, (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol acetate. The amount of male pheromone released was increased significantly when males were exposed to a combination of (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol acetate and the odor from cabbage. Neither linalool nor the cresols were detected in volatiles from cabbage or from males exposed to cabbage odor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994243
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of release rate and ratio of (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol from synthetic pheromone blends on trap capture ofHeliothis subflexa (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 1259-1268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pheromone formulation ; trap design ; insect behavior ; pheromone specificity ; Heliothis subflexa ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Response of maleHeliothis subflexa to pheromone-baited traps containing blends of tetradecanal, (Z)-9-tetradecanal, hexadecanal, (Z)-7-hexadecenal, (Z)-9-hexadecenal, (Z)-11-hexadecenal, hexadecan-1-ol acetate, (Z)-7-hexadecen-1-ol acetate, (Z)-9-hexadecen-1-ol acetate, (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol acetate, (Z)-9-hexadecen-1-ol, and (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol was evaluated. Analysis of trap capture data indicated that (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol was a critical component of the pheromone blend. It was determined from emission rate data and measurements of the ratio of pheromone components emitted from rubber septa tested that a significant increase in trap capture of maleH. subflexa occurred when the blends investigated released the alcohol in a narrow range relative to the total amount of pheromone emitted. The optimum range of release ratio of the alcohol for the capture of males in sticky traps was determined to be 0.9–3.5% of the pheromone blend. This release ratio range was reduced to 0.9–1.6% when bucket traps were used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01021024
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flight activity ofHeliothis virescens (F.) females (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) with reference to host-plant volatiles (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 259-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Plant attractant ; host phenology ; oviposition stimulant ; Heliothis subflexa, Heliothis armigera ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Heliothis virescens (F.) females responded positively via upwind flight in laboratory assays to volatiles emitted from methylńe chloride washes of fresh whole leaves of host plants including cotton, tobacco, and a weed species,Desmodium tortuosum (Swartz) de Candolle. Except forD. tortuosum, the response increased positively with dose; the steepest slope occurred with an extract of cotton squares (flower buds). Almost all of the moths that landed on the extract dispenser also oviposited. Moths simulated by extracts from cotton squares exhibited a full array of behaviors (upwind flight, contact with the dispenser, examination of the cloth substrate with antennae, and oviposition) expected of gravid individuals seeking sites to propagate the species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994331
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preferences of matedHeliothis virescens andH. subflexa females for host and nonhost volatiles in a flight tunnel (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2889-2898 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cotton ; tobacco ; groundcherry ; Physalis ; Desmodium ; Heliothis subflexa ; Heliothis virescens ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; plant-insect interaction ; host-plant resistance ; attractant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In flight-tunnel bioassays, mated femaleHeliothis subflexa (Gn.) moths demonstrated in dual-choice tests a significant preference for volatiles from an extract of their only known host,Physalis spp. (groundcherry). However,H. virescens (F.), a polyphagous species, responded positively by anemotaxis to extracts from susceptible tobacco, cotton,Desmodium tortuosum (host plants), and groundcherry, a nonhost.H. virescens females did not fly to volatiles emanating from an extract of a resistant tobacco cultivar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00979481
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of host plant,Gossypium hirsutum L., on sexual attraction of cabbage looper moths,Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 2959-2974 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cabbage looper ; Trichoplusia ni ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; pheromone ; kairomone ; attractants ; host finding ; (S)-(+)-linalool
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Unmated female or male cabbage looper moths,Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), were attracted more often in a flight tunnel to a cage with moths of the opposite sex and a bouquet of cotton foliage. Increased sexual attractiveness of females with plants may be a result of stimulation of pheromone release in response to plant odor, since more males were attracted when odor of cotton foliage was passed over females than when odor of females was passed over cotton foliage before venting into the flight tunnel. Increased sexual attractiveness of males with plants is due in part to host odor enhancement of female attraction to male pheromone, since more females were attracted to synthetic male pheromone (a blend of enantiomers of linalool and isomers of cresol) and a cotton leaf extract than were attracted to male pheromone alone. A short synthesis procedure was developed for (S)-(+)-linalool, the major component of the male sex pheromone, isolated from hair pencils, used in these tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02098402
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of life history differences of two tachinid parasitoids ofHelicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on their interactions with glandular trichome/methyl ketone-based insect resistance in tomato (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 499-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Parasitism ; Archytas marmoratus ; Eucelatoria bryani ; Diptera ; Tachinidae ; tomato ; Lycopersicon hirsutum ; glandular trichomes ; Helico-verpa zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; trilevel interaction ; 2-undecanone ; 2-tridecanone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of glandular trichome/methyl ketone (2-tridecanone and 2-undecanone) -based insect resistance in the wild tomato,Lycopersicon hirsutum f.glabratum C.H. Mull, accession PI 134417, onArchytas marmoratus (Townsend) andEucelatoria bryani (Sabrosky) (Diptera: Tachinidae), both parasitoids ofHelicoverpa (=Heliothis)zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), were investigated in the laboratory.A. marmoratus deposits larvae (planidia) on the foliage of its host's food plant; planidia attach to passing hosts, penetrate the cuticle, and develop in the host pupae.E. bryani larviposits directly into its host; its larvae develop in the host larva.A. marmoratus planidia are killed by glandular trichomes of PI 134417 and also by trichomes of hybrid lines with no methyl ketones. The methyl ketones are toxic to planidia, but at least part of the effect is due to other factors, possibly physical entanglement. Both species can be affected indirectly by methyl ketones in the diet of the host. 2-Undecanone reduces the percentage ofA. marmoratus larvae that reach pupation. This effect is evidently due to premature death and desiccation of the host pupa caused by 2-undecanone. 2-Tridecanone in host diets had no effect onA. marmoratus. InE. bryani, 2-tridecanone in the diet of the host reduced the number of parasitoids yielded by each parasitized host, although not the overall percentage of hosts parasitized. 2-Undecanone in the diet of the host had no effect onE. bryani.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994248
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  • 8
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    Identification of a specialized adenylyl cyclase that may mediate odorant detection (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-12-07
    Description: The mammalian olfactory system may transduce odorant information via a G protein-mediated adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) cascade. A newly discovered adenylyl cyclase, termed type III, has been cloned, and its expression was localized to olfactory neurons. The type III protein resides in the sensory neuronal cilia, which project into the nasal lumen and are accessible to airborne odorants. The enzymatic activity of the type III adenylyl cyclase appears to differ from nonsensory cyclases. The large difference seen between basal and stimulated activity for the type III enzyme could allow considerable modulation of the intracellular cAMP concentration. This property may represent one mechanism of achieving sensitivity in odorant perception.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bakalyar, H A -- Reed, R R -- 5T32CA09339/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Dec 7;250(4986):1403-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2255909" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclases/genetics/*physiology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Brain/enzymology/physiology ; Cell Line ; Clone Cells ; Cloning, Molecular ; Gene Library ; Glycosylation ; Isoenzymes/genetics/*physiology ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Neurons, Afferent/enzymology/physiology ; Nose/enzymology/physiology ; *Odors ; Protein Conformation ; Rats ; *Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Rhodopsin mutants that bind but fail to activate transducin (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-10-05
    Description: Rhodopsin is a member of a family of receptors that contain seven transmembrane helices and are coupled to G proteins. The nature of the interactions between rhodopsin mutants and the G protein, transduction (Gt), was investigated by flash photolysis in order to monitor directly Gt binding and dissociation. Three mutant opsins with alterations in their cytoplasmic loops bound 11-cis-retinal to yield pigments with native rhodopsin absorption spectra, but they failed to stimulate the guanosine triphosphatase activity of Gt. The opsin mutations included reversal of a charged pair conserved in all G protein-coupled receptors at the cytoplasmic border of the third transmembrane helix (mutant CD1), replacement of 13 amino acids in the second cytoplasmic loop (mutant CD2), and deletion of 13 amino acids from the third cytoplasmic loop (mutant EF1). Whereas mutant CD1 failed to bind Gt, mutants CD2 and EF1 showed normal Gt binding but failed to release Gt in the presence of guanosine triphosphate. Therefore, it appears that at least the second and third cytoplasmic loops of rhodopsin are required for activation of bound Gt.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Franke, R R -- Konig, B -- Sakmar, T P -- Khorana, H G -- Hofmann, K P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Oct 5;250(4977):123-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2218504" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Chromosome Deletion ; Micelles ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Photolysis ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Rhodopsin/genetics/*metabolism ; Transducin/*metabolism ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Lack of protective immunity against reinfection with hepatitis C virus (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-10-02
    Description: Some individuals infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) experience multiple episodes of acute hepatitis. It is unclear whether these episodes are due to reinfection with HCV or to reactivation of the original virus infection. Markers of viral replication and host immunity were studied in five chimpanzees sequentially inoculated over a period of 3 years with different HCV strains of proven infectivity. Each rechallenge of a convalescent chimpanzee with the same or a different HCV strain resulted in the reappearance of viremia, which was due to infection with the subsequent challenge virus. The evidence indicates that HCV infection does not elicit protective immunity against reinfection with homologous or heterologous strains, which raises concerns for the development of effective vaccines against HCV.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Farci, P -- Alter, H J -- Govindarajan, S -- Wong, D C -- Engle, R -- Lesniewski, R R -- Mushahwar, I K -- Desai, S M -- Miller, R H -- Ogata, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 2;258(5079):135-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Hepatitis Viruses Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1279801" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acute Disease ; Aged ; Alanine Transaminase/biosynthesis ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Hepacivirus/physiology ; Hepatitis Antibodies/biosynthesis ; Hepatitis C/*immunology ; Hepatitis C Antibodies ; Humans ; Immunity, Active ; Longitudinal Studies ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pan troglodytes ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Homology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Viremia ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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