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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extraplacental human fetal tissues express mRNA transcripts encoding the human chrorionic gonadotropin-β subunit protein (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 33 (1992), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Fetal gene expression ; hCG-β ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The glycoprotein hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is synthesized in large quantities by the developing placenta, reaching peak concentrations in maternal blood during the late first trimester and early midtrimester of pregnancey. In general it is believed that the β-subunit of this dimeric hormone is expressed in pituitary gonadotropes, thyrotropes, and trophoblasts, while the β-subunit is expressed exclusively by trophoblasts. Studies from our laboratory and other laboratories have shown that some midtrimester human fetal tissues, in addition to the placenta, can synthesize proteins that appear to be very similar to the β-subunit of hCG. To define precisely the nature of this putative hCG-β-subunit in extraplacental fetal tissues, we have examined the mRNA from a variety of human fetal and adult tissues using nucleic acid hybridization and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Our results demonstrate that midtrimester fetal kidney and adrenal tissues contain hCG-β mRNA transcripts at concentrations comparable to that of placenta, while fetal lung, brain, muscle, and adult adrenal contain only trace to undetectable levels of hCG-β mRNA. By restriction endonuclease mapping of PCR fragments from fetal tissue cDNAs, we show that the hCG-β transcript expressed in midtrimester human fetal organs is a bone fide copy of hCG-β gene No. 5 of the β-subunit gene family located on chromosome 19. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080330102
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proposed healing and consolidation mechanisms of rock salt revealed by ESEM (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 25 (1993), S. 456-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Crushed rock salt ; ESEM ; Deformation ; Healing mechanism ; Consolidation mechanism ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The grain boundary healing behavior of crushed rock salt was mainly studied by employing the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) to study the consolidation mechanism of rock salt backfill. Dedicated miniature round rock salt specimens were prepared for observation of the water trapping effect by using a cold stage in the ESEM to reach saturation conditions. Comparable high pressure pellets were prepared for measuring the crystal growth. Consolidation tests using materials made at different pressures and containing different moisture levels were conducted in order to construct the proposed mechanism. Direct observation of specimens in the ESEM resulted in viewing water trapped on the surface and the formation of a water meniscus between two particles. The concentration of brine at the grain boundary was observed as contributing to the amount of recrystallization. From aforementioned observations, a schematic drawing of the dissolution and recrystallization process may be redrawn. The amount of water therefore has a great effect on the consolidation of rock salt and is possibly due to the sliding, rotation, or crushing of the contact zone of the granular material. From such a study, tentative healing and consolidation mechanisms can be deduced. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070250517
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the tongue and anterior process of the sublingual plica in four species of venomous snakes (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 208 (1991), S. 279-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The general histology and ultrastructure of the tongue and anterior process of the sublingual plica of four Taiwanese venomous snakes, the Chinese cobra (Naja naja atra), banded krait (Bungarus multicinctus), Taiwan habu (Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus), and bamboo snake (Trimeresurus stejnegeri stejnegeri) are described.The tongue fork exhibits a mid-dorsal invagination that broadens gradually toward its base. No mid-ventral invagination is observed. The epithelial cells on both dorsal and ventral aspects of the tongue fork have large and small microfacets, micropores and microvilli. The cell size, distribution pattern of the large microfacets, and the number of small microfacets present on both sides of the fork are essentially the same within a species, but vary among species. The function of these ultrastructures on the cell surface might be for the capture of chemical substances. The large microfacets are raised areas of the cell membrane, each with a pale granule contained within. The chemical nature of the pale granule is not yet known. The small pores surrounding the large microfacets are shallow hollows left after the release of the pale granules from the microfacets. The basic histological pattern of the tongue fork of these species is similar, being composed of a mucosal layer outside and dense musculature inside. No taste buds are discernible.The anterior processes are concave-like expansions of the anteriormost portions of the sublingual plicae. The oblique folds and micropapillae of this organ might be helpful for receiving the chemicals collected on the tongue, when the tongue makes contact with the elevated processes. The elevated processes may penetrate the ducts of Jacobson's organs to effect the final transfer.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052080305
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation of serpins and their cognate proteases in muscle after crush injury (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 159 (1994), S. 11-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Direct muscle injury was induced in rats in order to evaluate alterations in the balance of serine proteases and inhibitors (serpins) as a response to tissue damage. It was previously found that certain proteases, specifically urokinase-like plasminogen activator (uPA) and others, required activation in order to effect regeneration. We hypothesized that the magnitude and temporal sequence of serpin activation would follow, pari passu, activation of their cognate proteases. In addition to uPA, tissue PA (tPA) and tissue kallikrein were the proteases studied. The serpins we analyzed were protease nexin I (PNI), PA inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), and the kallikrein-binding protein (KBP). uPA nearly doubled 48 h after injury, while there was no change in amidolytic activity after addition of fibrin monomer as an estimation of tPA activity. Tissue kallikrein activity, barely detectable in normal muscle, slowly increased, nearly tripling at 7 days after injury. Greater magnitude and more rapid changes in muscle serpins occurred over the same post-injury time course. By 24 h PNI increased threefold, while PAI-1 increased more slowly, reaching double the control values by 5 days after injury. Surprisingly, KBP, the serpin-class inhibitor of tissue kallikrein, had the most robust response, increasing tenfold over control 48 h after crush injury of muscle. These results further implicate the serpin:protease balance in tissue injury. Participation of complex receptors, such as the α2-macroglobulin receptor/low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP), various growth factors, cytokines, and other molecules, in regulating this balance is implicated by these data. © 1994 wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041590103
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Progressive loss of sensitivity to endothelium-derived growth inhibitors expressed by human melanoma cells during disease progression (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 159 (1994), S. 245-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Tumor progression is frequently associated with changes in responsiveness of tumor cells to paracrine growth factors. A potential major source of such paracrine factors in solid tumors are endothelial cells since this type of cell can constitute a sizeable fraction of the cellular composition of solid tumors. As an initial step to examining the possible effects of endothelial cell-associated growth factors on tumor cell growth, a panel of human melanoma cell lines representative of different stages of tumor progression was employed for studies utilizing endothelial cell-derived growth modulators. Macrovascular or microvascular human endothelial cells from umbilical vein or from skin, respectively, inhibited melanoma cell growth in direct coculture experiments. The potency of this inhibitory effect diminished as a function of melanoma progression. Conditioned media from endothelial cell cultures mimicked the effect of the cell coculture experiments, suggesting the involvement of soluble growth factor(s). Approximately 50-75% of the conditioned media inhibitory effect was abrogated by addition of the neutralizing antibody to interleukin-6 (IL-6). Gel filtration chromatography revealed the presence of additional inhibitors in endothelial cell conditioned medium. Two peaks of activity were detected with apparent molecular weights of approximately 100-150 Kd and 20-30 Kd, the latter containing IL-6 activity. Whereas early-stage radial growth phase (RGP) primary tumor-derived melanoma cells were sensitive to at least three different endothelial products of high or low molecular weight (including IL-6), melanoma cells from more advanced metastatic lesions were resistant to the latter activities, and retained only partial sensitivity to the high molecular weight inhibitor. More advanced vertical growth phase (VGP) primary melanoma cell lines expressed intermediate inhibition-sensitive phenotypes. Thus human melanoma development appears to be associated with progressive loss of sensitivity to the growth inhibitory effects of IL-6 and other factors produced by endothelial cells. This is likely to be a result of a selection process when tumor cells are confronted with adjacent vasculature during the progress of tumor angiogenesis. © 1994 wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041590208
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation of transformation from epithelial to mesenchymal-like morphology and endogenous bFGF levels in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 160 (1994), S. 401-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: CG-1 human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells in monolayer culture formed both cohesive, epithelial-like colonies and scattered, fibroblastic-like colonies in mixed proportions. In the presence of exogenously added bFGF (4 ng/ml), about 85% of the colonies formed were fibroblastic-like. CG-1 cells were capable of synthesizing and releasing bFGF, and, when compared by the immunological method, cells in fibroblastic-like colonies were found to contain higher levels of endogenous bFGF than cells in the epithelial-like colonies. Furthermore, cells in the peripheral region of the epithelial-like colonies, which were fibroblastic-like in morphology, also appeared to contain higher levels of endogenous bFGF. In addition, in the presence of suramin, neutralizing antibody to bFGF, or neutralizing antibodies to bFGF and EGF, the number of cohesive colonies formed was greatly increased. Moreover, addition of the 2 M NaCl-eluted heparin-Sepharose fraction of the CG-1 cell-coditioned medium promoted the formation of dispersed colony in a dose-dependent manner. The results suggest that bFGF can regulate CG-1 cell phenotype in an autocrine manner. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041600302
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence of swallow, a gene required for the localization of bicoid message in Drosophila eggs (1991)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 12 (1991), S. 333-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Maternal effect gene ; DNA sequencing ; protein ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We report the sequence of the Drosophila maternal effect gene swallow, one of the genes whose product is required for the localization of bicoid message during Drosophila oo-genesis. The inferred swallow protein contains a domain that is predicted to be an amphipathic α-helix similar to those implicated in protein:protein associations in other systems. Another part of the predicted protein appears to be a diverged RNA-binding motif. We discuss these structural features in light of the function of the swallow protein in the bicoid message localization process.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020120502
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