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  • 1
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    Mars: Spectral signatures seen and unseen (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: Intrepretation of Mars surface reflectance spectra and geochemical modeling of the surface material are different approaches to the same problem (determining the compositional nature and evolution of the surface of Mars). The degree to which these two approaches agree is studied. This study involves: current understanding of the reflectance of Mars, and reflectance spectra of proposed Mars constituents.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., MEVTV Workshop on Nature and Composition of Surface Units on Mars; p 25-27
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  • 2
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    Mars: Near-infrared comparative spectroscopy during the 1986 opposition (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: Near-infrared spectral observations of Mars during the 1986 opposition were performed at the Mauna Kea Observatory utilizing the University of Hawaii's 88 inch telescope. Spectra were obtained of several Martian locations using a continuously variable filter (CVF) spectrometer with a resolution of 1.25 percent. Spot-to-spot ratios were produced between spectra taken in different geological regions.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., MEVTV Workshop on Nature and Composition of Surface Units on Mars; p 22-24
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  • 3
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    Planetary Instrument Definition and Development Program (PIDDP). Instrument for future planetary flight missions: A visible-infrared imaging spectrometer for planetary missions (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The objective of this project is to develop and prove a small, light-weight, efficient imaging spectrometer design to cover the VIS/NIR spectral range for applications particularly but not exclusively to NASA inner solar system space missions. A design and a brassboard prototype will be developed and tested. Progress over the first year of this project includes design specification, optical design layout, grating specifications, infrared detector selection, and mechanical design. Mechanical and grating manufacturing drawings were begun. We developed an agreement in principle to cooperate with the German space group, DLR, to apply some of their electronics microminiaturization technology to this imaging spectrometer project, mostly or entirely at their expense. Funds from NASA for the second year of this effort have been received and the effort is on track. Release of funds for the third year of this award will be requested later this year in order to accelerate this work and bring it to a conclusion in time for new NASA missions considerations as well as to make effective use of the DLR contributions.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-CR-195254 , NAS 1.26:195254
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  • 4
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    Equatorial disc and dawn-dusk currents in the frontside magnetosphere of Jupiter - Pioneer 10 and 11 (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Observations by Pioneer 10 and 11 show that the strongest azimuthal fields are observed near the dawn meridian (Pioneer 10) while the weakest occur near the noon meridian (Pioneer 11), suggesting a strong local time dependence for the corresponding radial current system. Modeling studies of the radial component of the field observed by both spacecraft suggest that the corresponding azimuthal current system must also be a strong function of local time. Both the azimuthal and the radial field component signatures exhibit sharp dips and reversals, requiring thin radial and azimuthal current systems. There is also a suggestion that these two current systems either are interacting or are due, at least in part, to the same current. It is suggested that a plausible current model consists of the superposition of a thin, local-time-independent azimuthal current system plus the equatorial portion of a tail-like current system that extends into the dayside magnetosphere.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 86; Mar. 1
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  • 5
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    Research in planetary astronomy (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The objective is the continuation of a long-term research program designed to study the composition, structure and processes operating on the surfaces of solar system objects using the Mauna Kea Observatory with techniques and modern instrumentation. Reflectance spectroscopy and multispectral imaging in the spectral region, 0.3 to 5.0 micrometer are the major techniques used, although thermal (10 micrometer and 20 micrometer) radiometry are used in some aspects of the research. Some specific projects include: (1) systematic spectral imaging observations of the Moon; (2) systematic spectral imaging and spectral monitoring of the Martian surface; (3) thermal radiometry of asteroids as part of the IRAS follow-up and other target specific programs; (4) searches for asteroid satellites and dust belts using a stellar coronagraph; and (5) studies of circumstellar disks using a stellar coronagraph. Progress for each of the programs included is discussed. minerals; (2) completed observations of lunar multi-ringed basins and crater deposits in search of high-Ca spectral anomalies; (3) completed data reduction of an additional 5 asteroids observed by the coronagraphic technique in the search for asteroids satellites and debris clouds; and (4) completed the reduction and calibration of 350 asteroids observed at 10 micron and 20 micron using the NASA IRTF.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA, Washington, Reports of Planetary Astronomy,; p 87-88
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  • 6
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    Modeling Jupiter's magnetospheric currents using Pioneer data - Evidence for a low-latitude cusp (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Jovian magnetospheric field measured by Pioneer 10 and 11 can be well modeled by a combination of current systems composing an azimuthally symmetric current disk, a dusk-dawn current sheet in both the dayside and the nightside magnetosphere, and an image dipole to represent the effects of currents on the magnetopause. The inclusion of a dusk-dawn current sheet in the dayside magnetosphere allows observations obtained both inbound and outbound to be simultaneously fit by an azimuthally symmetric current disk (i.e., without the need for local time dependent current densities). Similar disk current intensities are found to describe both Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 encounters. During the Pioneer 10 inbound passage the magnetopause was rapidly pushed inside the spacecraft position by a solar wind compression event. The changes that occurred in the magnetospheric field at this time can be described by relatively simple changes in the model parameters. The most striking feature of the models is that they suggest that the Jovian cusp is at much lower latitudes than is the case with the earth's magnetosphere.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 89; 6663-666
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  • 7
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    Mars - Near-infrared comparative spectroscopy during the 1986 opposition (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Near-IR, 0.7-2.5 micron spectra were obtained for several Martian locations during the 1986 opposition, using a continuously variable filter spectrometer; approximately 60 distinct spots were observed at 0.5-1.5 arcsec (200-460 km) resolution which are distinguishable into eight distinct geologic types: (1) volcanic regions, (2) ridged plains, (3) ridged volcanic plains, (4) scoured plains, (5) impact basins, (6) channels and canyons, (7) densely-cratered regions, and (8) layered terrain and ice. Spectral features observed in the spot-to-spot ratios for spectra from different geologic regions are used as indicators of mineralogic differences. Little difference is found among spectra from areas that appear to have very different morphologies in Viking Orbiter images.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 77; 21-34
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  • 8
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    Observational evidence of crystalline iron oxides on Mars (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: A series of new spectral observations of Mars was obtained at Mauna Kea Observatory in the 0.4-1.0-micron wavelength range during the extremely favorable 1988 opposition, which yielded new spectral reflectance and relative reflectance data for a number of distinct spots on the Martian surface at 500-600 km spatial resolution. The new spectra revealed absorptions at 0.62-0.72 micron and at 0.81-0.94 micron, both seen clearly for the first time. These absorption features are interpreted as Fe(3+) electronic transition bands that indicate the presence of crystalline ferric oxide or hydroxide minerals on the Martian surface.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 14447-14
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  • 9
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    Reflectance spectroscopy in planetary science: Review and strategy for the future (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Reflectance spectroscopy is a remote sensing technique used to study the surfaces and atmospheres of solar system bodies. It provides first-order information on the presence and amounts of certain ions, molecules, and minerals on a surface or in an atmosphere. Reflectance spectroscopy has become one of the most important investigations conducted on most current and planned NASA Solar System Exploration Program space missions. This book reviews the field of reflectance spectroscopy, including information on the scientific technique, contributions, present conditions, and future directions and needs.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-SP-493 , NAS 1.21:493 , LC-87-28154
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