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  • 1
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    BATSE observations of bremsstrahlung from electron precipitation events (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The BATSE on-board burst system has been triggered by over 400 terrestrial electron precipitation events. These are the single largest cause of false triggers. Bremsstrahlung is generated as the precipitating electrons interact in the Earth's atmosphere, or in the spacecraft, and this radiation is detected by the Large Area Detectors, often triggering the instrument into burst mode. Several examples of such events are presented here, and the different classes of events are described. A possible correlation of events to strong magnetospheric activity is presented, and the association of a sub-set of events to a powerful VLF transmitter on the western coast of Australia is described.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: In: Gamma-ray bursts; Proceedings of the Workshop, Univ. of Alabama, Huntsville, Oct. 16-18, 1991 (A93-40051 16-93); p. 373-377.
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  • 2
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    Observations of reduced ozone concentrations in the tropical stratosphere after the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Two independent sets of data, one of aerosols from an airborne lidar system, and one of ozone from ozonesonde measurements indicate that significant ozone decreases may have happened as a result of the injection of debris by the Mt. Pinatubo volcano in June 1991. The amount of this reduction maximizes at 24-25 km, near the peak of the aerosol distribution, though a deficit is seen throughout the lower stratosphere between 19 and 28 km. The greatest differences observed prior and subsequent to the eruptions at these altitudes is 18-20 percent.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 19; 11, J
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  • 3
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    Observation of Be-7 on the surface of LDEF spacecraft (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Significant quantities of Be-7 have been found on the leading edge of the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF), which was returned to earth after almost six years in space. Although the absolute atmospheric concentration of Be-7 needed to explain this detection is extremely small, its concentration at LDEF's altitude must be several orders of magnitude higher than in the stratosphere below, where it is produced by cosmic-ray reactions with atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen nuclei. The detection may lead to the use of Be-7 as an exoatmospheric tracer as well as to studies of surface interactions in space.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 349; 678-680
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  • 4
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    Distribution of tropospheric ozone at Brazzaville, Congo, determined from ozonesonde measurements (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: An analysis of 33 ozonesonde launches in Brazzaville, Congo (4 deg S, 15 deg E), between June 1990 and May 1991 is presented. The data indicate highest tropospheric amounts between June and early October, coincident with the dry season and with the presence of enhanced widespread biomass burning. The seasonal cycle of ozone derived from the ozonesonde measurements is in good agreement with the climatological seasonal cycle inferred from the use of satellite data amd both seasonal cycles peak in September. Averaged throughout the year, the integrated amount of ozone derived from the ozonesondes is 44 Dobson units (DU) and is 39 DU using the satellite data. Within the troposphere the highest partial pressures are generally found at pressure levels near 700 mbar (about 3 km). Using simultaneous ozonesonde data from Ascension Island (8 deg S, 15 deg W), examples are presented illustrating that differences in the troposphere are primarily responsible for the observed spatial gradients of total ozone observed by TOMS.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; D12,; 12
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  • 5
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    Distribution of tropospheric ozone determined from satellite data (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: An analysis of more than 22,000 ozone profiles from Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment I (SAGE I) (1979-1981) and SAGE II (1984-1987) between 50 deg N and 50 deg S is used in conjunction with 9 years (1979-1987) of daily global depictions of total ozone from the TOMS instrument aboard Nimbus 7 to investigate the spatial distribution and seasonal cycle of the integrated amount of ozone in the troposphere. In the tropics, highest concentrations are found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean downwind (west) of Africa and maximize during the time when biomass burning is most prevalent, between July and October. A different seasonal cycle in the tropics is also observed over Indonesia, where a relative maximum is present in the March-April time frame, likewise consistent with when biomass burning is most prevalent. At mid-latitudes, highest concentrations are found downwind of Asia and maximize in the summer. Relatively higher amounts of tropospheric ozone are similarly observed downwind of North America and Europe. At mid-latitudes, the ratio between the amount of tropospheric ozone in the Northern Hemisphere and the amount in the Southern Hemisphere is 1.4, in good agreement with in situ measurements.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 3599-361
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  • 6
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    Distribution of tropospheric ozone in the tropics from satellite and ozonesonde measurements (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: Measurements from two independent satellite data sets have been used to derive the climatology of the integrated amount of ozone in the troposphere. These data have led to the finding that large amounts of ozone pollution are generated by anthropogenic activity originating from both the industrialized regions of the Northern Hemisphere and from the southern tropical regions of Africa. To verify the existence of this ozone anomaly over this region of the world, an ozonesonde capability has been established at Ascension Island, located downwind of the primary source region of this ozone pollution, which likely results from the photochemical oxidation of emissions emanating from the widespread burning of savanna. These first ozonesonde profiles suggest that much of the ozone generated over Africa during the 'burning season' (primarily July-October) reaches Ascension Island. These high levels of ozone in the lower troposphere become much lower by December. Elevated ozone concentrations in the middle troposphere are once again evident in February, which may be the result of biomass burning emissions being transported from western and northern Africa.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics (ISSN 0021-9169); 54; 5, Ma; 589-597
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