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  • Engineering  (10)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (9)
  • FLUID MECHANICS
  • 1990-1994  (19)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Iron nitride/boron nitride magnetic nanocomposite powders (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials 6 (1994), S. 291-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19940060406
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A non-proportional loading finite element analysis of continuum damage mechanics for ductile fracture (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29 (1990), S. 197-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents the development of a finite element analysis based on an anisotropic model of continuum damage mechanics theory proposed recently by the authors for ductile fracture under non-proportional loading. The condition of non-proportional loading is formulated by introducing a dynamic co-ordinate system of principal damage allowing the principal direction of damage during the loading to rotate accordingly.The finite element analysis developed under non-proportional loading is applied to predict the crack initiation load of a centre-cracked plate under uniform loading. The predicted load agrees satisfactorily with those determined experimentally with centre-cracked thin plates made of aluminium alloy 2024-T3. The analysis also reveals under non-proportional loading the hysteresis effect of the principal directions of damage and stress. In addition, the influence of varying anisotropic damage coefficients on the crack initiation load and the crack tip displacement profile is also examined. The larger the degree of the anisotropy, the higher the crack initiation load. The magnitude of the crack tip displacement profile is found to be proportional to the degree of material anisotropy.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620290113
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Homogeneous dispersion of nanostructured aluminum nitride in a polyimide matrixThe authors wish to express their thanks for partial support by the Connecticut Advanced Technology Center. Thanks are also due to Mr. Fred Massicotte for his assistance in the particle size analysis. (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials 6 (1994), S. 481-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19940060608
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The periapical tissue reactions to a calcium phosphate cement in the teeth of monkeys (1991)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 25 (1991), S. 485-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A calcium phosphate cement, Grossman sealer, and Sargenti N2 were compared under conditions where root canals of monkey incisors were deliberately overfilled and the apical tissue responses were evaluated histologically. The periapical tissues exposed to Sargenti N2 revealed severe irritation at all times through the 6-month experimental period. The reactions to Grossman sealer were milder but persisted throughout the observation period. The calcium-phosphate-cement treated animals showed mild tissue irritation after 1 month, but thereafter the adverse tissue reactions were minimal. New bone formation adjacent to the cement was also observed. These results point to the possibility that calcium phosphate cement might be used in simplified endodontic procedures. The compatibility of calcium phosphate cement with the periapical tissue suggests that the cement may have other applications in dentistry and medicine.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820250406
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical properties of a sprinkler water spray (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 17 (1993), S. 279-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper reports an experimental study on the physical properties of a sprinkler water spray. The mass flux density, shape of spray pattern, size distribution and velocity of water droplets discharged from two types of 15 mm orifice sprinkler heads were measured. Three operating flow conditions of the sprinkler system, including one specified for the Ordinary Hazard class under the LPC rules for sprinkler design, were set. The sprinkler head was installed above finished floor levels of either 2 m or 2.2 m. The median droplet size was found to be related to the water pressure and the orifice diameter of the sprinkler head as proposed by Dundas. The droplet size distribution function can be fitted by a Rosin-Rammler function.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810170605
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulation of sprinkler - hot layer interaction using a field model (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 18 (1994), S. 359-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper reports a study of the interaction of a sprinkler water spray with the fire-induced hot layer using the field modelling technique. Data obtained in the large test room of the recent Swedish experiments reported by Ingason and Olsson (1992) are used to validate the results. The problem is divided into a gas phase and a liquid phase. For the gas phase, the set of conservation equations for mass, momentum and enthalpy of air flow induced by the fire is solved numerically using the Pressure Implicit Splitting Operator (PISO) algorithm. For the liquid phase, the sprinkler water spray is described by a number of droplets with initial velocity and diameter calculated by empirical expressions for the nozzle at different operating water pressures and flow rates. The trajectory of each droplet is calculated by solving the equation of motions, by including the dragging and heat transfer with the hot layer. The water droplet is assumed to be non-evaporating and only the source terms in the gas momentum and enthalpy equations of the air flow included the interaction effects with water droplets, i.e. the ‘Particle-Source-in-Cell’ method. The predicted results include the gas flow, temperature and smoke concentration field; the shape of the water spray; and some relevant macroscopic parameters such as amount of convective cooling, drag-to-buoyancy ratio, etc. The average smoke layer temperature and the smoke layer interface height are also calculated. The effect of the mean droplet size on those parameters is illustrated. Finally, a comparison of the water density received at floor level in cases with and without the fire is made.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810180604
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical measurement of smoke (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 16 (1992), S. 135-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The optical density of smoke liberated by burning seven samples of materials and six commercial plastic products was studied using different light sources in a modified NBS smoke chamber. Materials included plywood, PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate), PF (phenolformaldehyde), PE (polythene), PC (polycarbonate), PP (polypropene) and POM (acetal). The plastic products were a polyvinylchloride pipe, an unplasticized polyvinylchloride pipe, a telephone casing, an insulator, an electrical fitting and floor tiles. Light sources used were a helium-neon laser, a mercury lamp, a sodium lamp and a tungsten filament lamp. The errors in optical measurement of smoke due to a forward-scattering effect and the frequency of light beam were investigated.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810160305
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Smoke development and engineering aspects of smoke-extraction systems for atria in Hong Kong (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 17 (1993), S. 71-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The smoke-filling process in an atrium is studied in this paper using the plume equation of Thomas et al. A time constant is proposed to describe the smoke-filling time of the atrium space. This parameter is recommended to be used as a guideline for local projects in determining whether a smoke-extraction system has to be installed. Finally, the engineering aspects to be noted in designing smoke-extraction systems for an atrium space are introduced.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810170204
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental studies on the sensitivity of fire detectors (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 18 (1994), S. 221-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Experimental studies were performed to assess the sensitivity and response times of four types of fire detectors: ionization smoke, optical smoke, infra-red and rate of heat rise detectors. The detectors were installed in a fire chamber and subjected to ten types of fire under a controlled environment. Based on the experimental results, correlations between the fire properties and the response times of the detectors were found. Data collected on the predicted fire detector response time were analyzed by a statistical method. Those empirical expressions would be important for practising engineers in designing fire-detection systems and setting responses for detectors in buildings of different uses.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810180405
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved formulations of Qcs6 hybrid element for enhancing computational efficiency (1991)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 31 (1991), S. 999-1008 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This article discusses two alternative methods of formulating the recently proposed quadrilateral plane element Qcs6, which is based on a generalized functional with multiple stress fields. The first method is derived by an extended Hu-Washizu Principle with the presence of incompatible modes and enforcement of energy orthogonality, while the second one is established on a non-conventional discrete local stress smoothing. Both methods can be applied to other structural element formulations with enhanced efficiency.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620310512
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