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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 14 (1994), S. 273-277 
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: Key words ; carbohydrates ; Dichrostachys cinerea ; fatty acids ; lipids ; nutritive value ; palatability ; pods ; protein ; seed bank ; seeds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The occurrence of very few seeds of Dichrostachys cinerea in the soil seed bank prompted the present study as to why animal browsers and seed predators should select the infructescence of this plant. The preferential and extensive browsing of this indehiscent legume is apparently not due to any exceptional nutritive value of the pods and seeds. However, it is probably the strong rich aroma of the infructescence which initially attracts animals to this food source. The structure of the infructescence, ensures that upon location a large number of pods and seeds are consumed. Ingestion of the pods will provide fibre, lipid, fatty acids, carbohydrates, amino acids, nitrogen and protein.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 2511-2519 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: cross-coupling polymerization ; palladium catalysis ; tin reagents ; magnesium reagents ; zinc reagents ; aromatic polymers ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Difunctional magnesium, zinc, and tin reagents M=C6H4=O=C6H4=M (M = MgBr, ZnCl, SnBu3) in the presence of palladium or nickel catalysts undergo cross-coupling polymerizations with aromatic, heteroaromatic, benzylic, and allylic dihalides to give oligomeric and polymeric materials. Tin reagents lead to products of higher molecular weight than Mg and Zn reagents. The reaction is sensitive to the solvent and enhanced by magnesium halides. Increased reaction temperatures lead only to moderate increases in the degree of polymerization and are limited by catalyst decomposition above 200°C. The new poly(ether ketone) and poly(ether sulfone) type polymers prepared show high thermal stability. In contrast to conventional poly(ether sulfones)s, the biphenyl-based sulfone polymers reported here are crystalline. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 2503-2510 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Poly(arylene ethyne) ; palladium ; cross-coupling reaction ; copper acetylide ; tin alkynyl reagent ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Comparative studies have been carried out of the effectiveness of two organometallic coupling reagents for the synthesis of poly(alkynylarene)s via palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of dialkynes with organic dibromides. In comparison to copper reagents, monomeric difunctional trialkyltin acetylides show increased thermal stability which allows reactions to be performed at higher temperatures; they give oligomeric and polymeric materials of improved molecular weight. By contrast, the inferior solubility of copper acetylides limits chain growth, and above 140°C the Pd/Cul system is prone to homopolymerization of the dialkyne. The coupling reactions are solvent-dependent but not strongly influenced by the nature of the palladium precursor complex or the phosphine ligand. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 37 (1991), S. 55-64 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetic behavior of a nonproducing hybridoma clone AFP-27-NP was investigated in continuous culture under glucose-limited conditions. A total of more than 21, 000 h of cultures were operated at dilution rates ranging from 0.01 to 0.06 h-1. The viable cell concentrations, dead cell concentrations, and cell volumes all varied with the dilution rate. A steady-state model was developed based on the biomass concentration and the glucose concentration. The specific growth rate as a function of glucose concentration is described by a model similar to the Monod model with a threshold glucose concentration and a minimum specific growth rate incorporated; the model is meaningful only at glucose concentrations and specific growth rates above these levels. A death rate is included in the model which is described by an inverted Monod-type function of glucose concentration. The yield coefficient based on glucose is constant in the lower range of specific growth rates and changes to a new constant value in the upper region of specific growth rates. No maintenance term for glucose consumption was needed; in the plot of specific glucose consumption rate vs. specific growth rate, the line intercepted the specific growth rate axis at a value close to the minimum growth rate. The values for the model parameters were determined from regression analysis of the steady-state data. The model predictions and experimental results fit very well.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38 (1991), S. 1020-1028 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: hybridoma ; cell culture ; continuous culture ; kinetics ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A hybridoma cell line, AFP-27-P, was cultivated in continuous culture under glucose-limited conditions. The viable cell concentration, dead-cell concentration, and cell volume all varied with the dilution rate. A model previously developed for a nonproducing clone of the same cell line, AFP-27-NP, was extended to describe the behavior of the cells. The relationship between the specific growth rate and glucose concentration is described by a function similar to the Monod model. A threshold glucose concentration and a minimum specific growth rate are incorporated; the model is meaningful only at glucose concentration and a minimum specific growth rate are incorporated; the model is meaningful only at glucose concentrations and specific growth rates above these levels. The relationship between the death rate and the glucose concentration is described by an inverted Monod-type function. Furthermore, the yield coefficient based on glucose is constant in the lower range of specific growth rates and changes to a new constant value in the upper range of specific growth rates. No maintenance term for glucose consumption is used; in the plot of specific glucose consumption rate vs. specific growth rate, the line intercepts the specific growth rate at a value close to the minimum growth rate. The productivity of antibody as a function of the specific growth rate is described by a mixed type model with a noon-growth-associated term and a negative-growth-associated term. The values for the model parameters were determined from regression analysis of the steady state data.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 35 (1990), S. 469-476 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Two hybridoma lines, HB8178 and AFP-27, were grown in continuous culture. The concentrations of viable cells as well as those of various nutrients and metabolites reached steady-state values. The concentrations of either total IgG or antigen-specific antibody, however, failed to reach steady-state values but rather continuously decreased over the course of the cultures. The fraction of antibody-producing cells in the total cellular population also continuously decreased in the AFP-27 cultures. Comparison of the specific antibody productivity based on either the entire population or the antibody-producing fraction of the population over time suggests that the decrease in productivity was at least partly due to the occurrence of a nonproducing subpopulation of cells.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 36 (1990), S. 191-197 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Measurements of volume distributions and dry weight are made on hybridoma cells in culture. The volume of viable hybridoma cells is significantly larger than that of nonviable cells. During exponential growth, the volume of the viable hybridoma cells is found to be significantly larger than that during other stages of batch culture. Proportionality is found between the volume of the cells and their dry weight, indicating that the volume data can be used in conjunction with cell concentration data as a practical technique for indirect measurement of the biomass concentration present in a culture. Comparison of dry weight concentrations in continuous culture to predictions from the volume data shows very good agreement.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 30 (1992), S. 798-800 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: 13C NMR ; Spectral assignments ; α,ω-Bis(aryl)alkanes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 13C NMR studies were performed for a series of homologous iodinated and uniodinated α,ω-bis(aryl)alkanes. Spectral assignments were made by utilization of DQCOSY, HETCOR-LR and 1D coupled and decoupled 13C experiments.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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