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  • Articles  (25)
  • Engineering  (13)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (8)
  • India  (4)
  • 1990-1994  (25)
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  • Articles  (25)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluorine distribution in waters of Nalgonda District, Andhra Pradesh, India (1993)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 21 (1993), S. 84-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Fluorine ; Fluorosis ; India
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Geochemical and hydrochemical studies were conducted in Nalgonda District (A.P.), to explore the causes of high fluorine in waters, causing a widespread incidence of fluorosis in the local population. Samples of granitic rocks, soils, stream sediments, and waters were analyzed for F and other salient chemical parameters. Samples from the area of Hyderabad city were analyzed for comparison. The F content of waters in areas with endemic fluorosis ranges from 0.4 to 20 mg/l. The low calcium content of rocks and soils, and the presence of high levels of sodium bicarbonate in soils and waters are important factors favoring high levels of F in waters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00775055
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of river discharge on the circulation in the western Bay of Bengal (1992)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 15 (1992), S. 1149-1170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Coastal upwelling ; Turbulence energy ; Exchange coefficient ; Roughness length ; Co-ordinate transformation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A three-dimensional numerical model has been applied to study the impact of freshwater discharge from a river on the coastal circulation in the western Bay of Bengal. The basic dynamical framework of the model follows closely that described by Johns et al.1 for the simulation of coastal upwelling off the east coast of India. Using this model, experiments have been performed to investigate the impact of the freshwater discharge at the location of Godavari river along the east coast of India. A comparison of the model results, with and without the inclusion of river discharge, shows that the river discharge into the western Bay of Bengal suppresses the upwelling near the river mouth. Though there are no detailed observations on the flow structure near the mouth of the Godavari river, the computed results are in qualitative agreement with the observations documented by Rao and Jayaraman2 and Rao,3 who have shown that during monsoon period the upwelling off Godavari estuary is suppressed.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650151002
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of lectin activity on western blots using erythrocytes (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 15 (1994), S. 907-910 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is described for the direct detection of lectins, agglutinating erythrocytes, on nitrocellulose membranes after Western blotting, thus avoiding protein extraction from specific bands in the gel, followed by agglutination assays. The methodology essentially involves exposing the lectin band on a nitrocellulose strip to trypsinized rabbit erythrocytes (2%, in 0.15 M NaCl) for 30 min at 37°C and then carefully transferring the membrane to saline (4°C) for a few gentle washes and then fixing it in a solution (0.2% glutaraldehyde in 0.15 M NaCl) for 30 min. Later, the membrane is gently washed several times in 0.15 M NaCl containing 10 mM β-alanine. The lectin band is visualized as a red agglutinated patch. The method is specific for lectins that can agglutinate red blood cells and virtually has no cross reactivity with the various nonlectin proteins tested. Binding of erythrocytes to the lectin band on the nitrocellulose strip can be prevented by specific competing sugars. The method can be applied to screen for the presence of lectins in natural materials and to monitor lectin fractions during purification.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.11501501130
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of the potential of hedgerow intercropping in semi-arid India using a two-way systematic design (1990)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 11 (1990), S. 243-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: Alley cropping ; fodder ; India ; intercrops ; Leucaena ; pigeonpea ; semi-arid tropics ; sorghum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The potential of hedgerow intecrropping with Leucaena leucocephala was explored on vertic Inceptisols over 4 years at ICRISAT Center, Patancheru, India. The study was conducted using a systematic layout involving different alley widths ranging from 1.35 to 4.95 m and with varying distances between hedge and crops. The alleys were cropped with alternate rows of sorghum and pigeonpea. Hedges composed double Leucaena hedgerows 60 cm apart were periodically harvested for fodder. Sole crops of all components and a sorghum/pigeonpea intercrop were included in all four replications of the study. Starting in the second year, Leucaena was progressively more competitive to annual crops, causing substantial yield reduction. Competition (primarily for moisture) was most severe in narrow alleys and was greatest on pigeonpea. The growth of Leucaena was not sufficient to compensate for reduced crop yields. Land equivalent ratios (LERs) calculated on the basis of grain yield of crops and Leucaena fodder yields showed that hedgerow intercropping (HI) was advantageous over sole crops only during the first two years using wide alleys, but disadvantegeous in the last two years. LERs calculated on the basis of total dry matter indicated only a small advantage for HI (13–17 percent) over sole crops in wider (〉4 m) alleys. Average returns per year from HI exceeded those of the most productive annual crop system (sorghum/pigeonpea intercropping) by 8 percent in 4.05 m alleys, and by 16 percent in 4.95 m alleys. Fodder production during the dry season was 40 percent of the annual total in these alley widths. Thus hedgerow intercropping at 4–5 m alley width is not very attractive for farmers in semi-arid India, which has 600–700 mm of annual rainfall. There is a need to examine the potential of HI in wider alleys. The merits and limitations of the systematic design are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00045902
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catalytic and interfacial aspects of enzymatic polymer synthesis in reversed micellar systems (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 41 (1993), S. 531-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: horseradish peroxidase ; reversed micelles ; phenolic polymers ; enzyme kinetics ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The enzyme horseradish peroxidase, when encapsulated in reversed micelles, is capable of catalyzing the synthesis of phenolic and aromatic amine polymers. The synthesis of polyethylphenol is specifically considered in this article and is found to be extremely feasible in the micellar system. Polymer chain growth can be controlled to some degree by manipulating the ability of the solvent to sustain chain solubility; this is effectively done by adjusting the surfactant concentration. This results in a degree of control of polymer molecular weight. The synthesized polymer drops out of solution and can be easily recovered. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260410505
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sorption and precipitation of metals in activated sludge (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 43 (1994), S. 874-880 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: sludge ; sorption ; precipitation ; metals ; adsorption ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A conceptual model describing the relative roles of sorption and precipitation processes for metals in solid-solution suspensions is presented. The model performance is demonstrated using experimental data on sorption and precipitation of metals in samples of activated sludge mixed liquor. Based on the experimental results presented here, it appears that, at total metal and mixed liquor suspended solids concentrations and pH values generally encountered in full-scale municipal (or combined municipal/industrial) activated sludge systems, metals are primarily removed by sorption processes.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260430906
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utility of culture redox potential for identifying metabolic state changes in Amino acid fermentation (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38 (1991), S. 1034-1040 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: amino acid fermentation ; culture redox potential ; fermentation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: We investigated the relationship of dissolved oxygen and culture redox potential (CRP) on amino acid production. Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 14296 was used for all experiments. The fermentation can be divided into a growth phase and a production phase. Our results indicate that in order to get higher amino acid production, a lower oxygen supply during the exponential phase is favored. A higher oxygen supply rate appears to be necessary during the production phase. Culture redox potential (CRP) was used to monitor the fermentation. CRP readings were observed to drop to a characteristic minimum value as the metabolic state changed from a growth to production phase. This was evidenced by the commencement of amino acid production and a simultaneous uptake of lactate. Upon lactate exhaustion, the CRP increased abruptly. At the same time, maximal amino acid yields were observed. By the use of minimum CRP as an indication of metabolic phase changes, the agitation rate was changed to increase oxygen supply during the production phase. This significantly increased amino acid production. These results show that culture redox potential measurements can be used to monitor and optimize amino acid production by process manipulation.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260380912
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolic monitoring by using the rate of change of NAD(P)H fluorescene (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 44 (1994), S. 453-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: NAD(P)H fluorescene ; on-line monitoring ; amino acid fermentation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The amino acid fermentation by Corynebacterium glutamicum was monitored with an new technique that uses the first derivative of the NAD(P)H fluorescene signal. The rate of change of NAD(P)H pools is indicative of intracellular redox balance variations that correspond to metabolic changes. The profile of this signal showed several characteristics that coincided with major metabolic events during fermentation. We show here that the derivative fluorescence signal can accurately estimate points of threonine depletion, viable cell count, and the end of amino acid formation. Furthermore, on-line optimization strategies can be developed by using the derivative fluorescene signal. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260440408
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solvent effects on biocatalysis in organic systems: Equilibrium position and rates of lipase catalyzed esterification (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38 (1991), S. 1137-1143 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: organic-phase biocatalysis ; equillibrium ; reaction rates ; log P ; solvent choice ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Porcine pancreatic lipase immobilized on celite particles has been employed as a catalyst for the esterification of dodecanol and decanoic acid in a predominantly organic system. Solvent influence on the equilibrium position and on the catalyst activity has been studied using 20 solvents, including aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ethers, ketones, nitro- and halogenated hydrocarbons, and esters. The equilibrium constant for esterification correlates well with the solubility of water in the organic solvent, which in turn shows a good relationship with a function of Guttman's donor number and the electron pair acceptance index number of the solvent. This may be rationalized in terms of the requirements for solvation of water and of the reactants. The catalyst activity, measured as the initial rate of the esterification reaction, is best correlated as a function of both n-octanol-water partition coefficient (log P) and either the electron pair acceptance index or the polarizability.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260381004
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of reducing agents in an aerobic amino acid fermentation (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 40 (1992), S. 851-857 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: reducing agent ; dithiothreitol ; redox potential ; amino acid fermentation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This study focuses on the effects of the reducing agents, dithiothreitol (DTT) and glutathione (GSH), on amino acid production in aerobically growing Corynebacterium glutamicum. The problem of reducing agent addition affecting the dissolved oxygen level was solved by positioning the culture at a high dissolved oxygen level and feeding the reducing agent into the fermentor. We show that it is possible to lower the redox potential even in a highly aerobic environment. The addition of DTT to the fermentation during the growth phase caused a significant increase in specific amino acid production rate and total amino acids produced, as compared with a control. In contrast, GSH had an inhibitory effect. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260400713
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