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  • Liquid membranes  (2)
  • Barley genetics  (1)
  • 1990-1994  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative phenotypical expression of three mutant genes in barley and the basis for defining an ideotype for Mediterranean environments (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 80 (1990), S. 762-768 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Barley genetics ; Quantitative gene expression ; Ideotype ; Mutants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Three mutants induced in the two-rowed barley variety Beka and their three binary recombinants have been used in an attempt to define an ideotype suitable for Mediterranean agroclimatic conditions. Physiological methods (classical plant growth analysis) together with the study of genotype x environment interaction for grain yield were used to characterize the genotypes. That characterization brought out the huge phenotypical variation produced by only three mutant genes, suggesting that single Mendelian genes may alone explain the quantitative variation, including grain yield, without the necessity of using the polygenic concept. The genotype best adapted to the environments studied is later in heading and has shorter straw and denser spikes than Beka; it also has higher inverse of leaf area rate and grain: leaf area ratio, a lower rate of leaf senescence, and a shorter grain filling period than the original variety.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224189
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of liquid membranes. II: Adaptive finite difference methods (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 12 (1991), S. 881-894 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Liquid membranes ; Adaptive finite difference methods ; Integrodifferential equations ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Two domain-adaptive finite difference methods are presented and applied to study the dynamic response of incompressible, inviscid, axisymmetric liquid membranes subject to imposed sinusoidal pressure oscillations. Both finite difference methods map the time-dependent physical domain whose downstream boundary is unknown onto a fixed computational domain. The location of the unknown time-dependent downstream boundary of the physical domain is determined from the continuity equation and results in an integrodifferential equation which is non-linearly coupled with the partial differential equations which govern the conservation of mass and linear momentum and the radius of the liquid membrane. One of the finite difference methods solves the non-conservative form of the governing equations by means of a block implicit iterative method. This method possesses the property that the Jacobian matrix of the convection fluxes has an eigenvalue of algebraic multiplicity equal to four and of geometric multiplicity equal to one. The second finite difference procedure also uses a block implicit iterative method, but the governing equations are written in conservation law form and contain an axial velocity which is the difference between the physical axial velocity and the grid speed. It is shown that these methods yield almost identical results and are more accurate than the non-adaptive techniques presented in Part I. It is also shown that the actual value of the pressure coefficient determined from linear analyses can be exceeded without affecting the stability and convergence of liquid membranes if the liquid membranes are subjected to sinusoidal pressure variations of sufficiently high frequencies.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650120906
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of liquid membranes. I: Non-adaptive finite difference methods (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 12 (1991), S. 859-879 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Liquid membranes ; Lagrangian-Eulerian finite difference methods ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A non-adaptive method and a Lagrangian-Eulerian finite difference technique are used to analyse the dynamic response of liquid membrancs to imposed pressure variations. The non-adaptive method employs a fixed grid and upwind differences for the convection terms, whereas the Lagrangian-Eulerian technique uses operator splitting and decomposes the mixed convection-diffusion system of equations into a sequence of convection and diffusion operators. The convection operator is solved exactly by means of the method of characteristics, and its results are interpolated onto the fixed (Eulerian) grid used to solve the diffusion operator. It is shown that although the method of characteristics eliminates the numerical diffusion associated with upwinding the convection terms in a fixed Eulerian grid, the Lagrangian-Eulerian method may yield overshoots and undershoots near steep flow gradients or when rapid pressure gradients are imposed, owing to the interpolation of the results of the convection operator onto the fixed grid used to solve the diffusion operator. This interpolation should be monotonic and positivity-preserving and should satisfy conservation of mass and linear momentum. It is also shown that both the non-adaptive and Lagrangian-Eulerian finite difference methods produce almost identical (within 1%) results when liquid membranes are subjected to positive and negative step and ramp changes in the pressure coefficient. However, because of their non-adaptive character, these techniques require an estimate of the (unknown) length of the membrane and do not use all the grid points in the calculations. The liquid membrane dynamic response is also analysed as a function of the Froude number, convergence parameter and nozzle exit angle for positive and negative step and ramp changes in the pressure coefficient.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650120905
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