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  • Articles  (5)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (2)
  • Steam  (2)
  • Complementary hydropathy  (1)
  • 1990-1994  (5)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Key words Acoustic noise ; Steam ; Crater lake ; Volcano ; Ruapehu
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Hydrophone measurements of acoustic noise levels in the Crater Lake of Mount Ruapehu, New Zealand were made on 18 January 1991 from an inflatable rubber boat on the lake. The greatest sound pressures were recorded in the 1–10 Hz band, with sound levels generally decreasing about 20 dB per decade from 10 Hz to 80 kHz. The low frequency noise did not have an obvious relationship to the tremor observed at a seismic station within 1 km of the lake. The comparatively low levels of middle and high frequency sound meant that at the time of measurement, direct steam input did not make a significant contribution to the heating of Crater Lake. This is consistent with the earlier conclusion that during the last decade a major part of the heat input of Crater Lake has come from lake water that was heated below the lake and recycled back into the lake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 33 (1991), S. 412-417 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Genetic code ; Complementary hydropathy ; Translation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have calculated the average effect of changing a codon by a single base for all possible single-base changes in the genetic code and for changes in the first, second, and third codon positions separately. Such values were calculated for an amino acid's polar requirement, hydropathy, molecular volume, and isoelectric point. For each attribute the average effect of single-base changes was also calculated for a large number of randomly generated codes that retained the same level of redundancy as the natural code. Amino acids whose codons differed by a single base in the first and third codon positions were very similar with respect to polar requirement and hydropathy. The major differences between amino acids were specified by the second codon position. Codons with U in the second position are hydrophobic, whereas most codons with A in the second position are hydrophilic. This accounts for the observation of complementary hydropathy. Single-base changes in the natural code had a smaller average effect on polar requirement than all but 0.02% of random codes. This result is most easily explained by selection to minimize deleterious effects of translation errors during the early evolution of the code.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Acoustic noise ; Steam ; Crater lake Volcano ; Ruapehu
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Hydrophone measurements of acoustic noise levels in the Crater Lake of Mount Ruapehu, New Zealand were made on 18 January 1991 from an inflatable rubber boat on the lake. The greatest sound pressures were recorded in the 1–10 Hz band, with sound levels generally decreasing about 20 dB per decade from 10 Hz to 80 kHz. The low frequency noise did not have an obvious relationship to the tremor observed at a seismic station within 1 km of the lake. The comparatively low levels of middle and high frequency sound meant that at the time of measurement, direct steam input did not make a significant contribution to the heating of Crater Lake. This is consistent with the earlier conclusion that during the last decade a major part of the heat input of Crater Lake has come from lake water that was heated below the lake and recycled back into the lake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 19 (1990), S. 27-31 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Methodology is presented for convenient, reproducible and direct measurement of blood concentrations of ethyl carbamate, an experimental animal carcinogen. Extraction techniques requiring 20 μl of blood and selected ion monitoring using ethyl (13C, 15N)carbamate as internal standard enabled quantification of ethyl carbamate concentrations ranging from 50 ng ml-1 to 100 m̈g ml-1. Coefficients of variation at several representative concentrations averaged less than 4%. The method was used to determine the time course of elimination of ethyl carbamate from mice receiving doses of 125 m̈mol kg-1.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 828-836 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Conditions for the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) of oligodeoxyribonucleotides at 355 nm, developed using a 3-Tesla Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FTMS), are reported. Efficient ion trapping and matrix selection are critical to the desorption and detection of oligonucleotides by FTMS. The achievable upper mass limit for the MALDI-FTMS of bio molecules on our 3-Tesla system has been extended from approximately 2 kDa to 6 kDa through the use of pulsed-trapping-plate ion deceleration techniques. By implementing the deceleration techniques, molecular ions for bovine insulin (MW = 5733.5), an oligodeoxythymidylic acid, pd[T]10 (MW = 3060.0), and a mixed-base 12-mer (MW = 3611.5) have been measured. For the analysis of oligonucleotides by FTMS, selection of an appropriate MALDI matrix is essential for the generation of [M—H]- ions. 3-Hydroxypicolinic acid provides a significant improvement over 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid for production of deprotonated molecules particularly for mixed-base oligomers. MALDI studies using FTMS have been duplicated using a newly constructed time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) and oligonucleotide fragmentation on the TOFMS is reduced relative to that observed by FTMS. This may be a consequence of the longer times (milliseconds) required for FTMS detection.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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