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  • ASTROPHYSICS  (25)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (9)
  • sesquiterpene lactones
  • 1990-1994  (34)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antisense inhibition of c-myc expression reveals common and distinct mechanisms of growth inhibition by TGFβ and TNFα (1991)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 45 (1991), S. 188-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: leukemia ; differentiation ; growth factors ; HL-60 ; cell growth ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Downregulation of the c-myc gene in HL-60 cells is associated with growth inhibition and induction of differentiation. Previous studies have reported that the growth inhibitors TGFβ and TNFα downregulate c-myc mRNA levels, suggesting the possibility that these agents may exert some of their phenotypic effects via c-myc downregulation. Our study demonstrates that although both growth inhibitors produce a similar decrease in c-myc protein synthesis, TNFα produces a greater growth inhibition and differentiation induction in HL-60 cells. Combined addition of anti-myc oligomer with either growth inhibitor produces no additive effect. In fact, 4 μM anti-myc oligomer produces the same growth and differentiation effects as does 10 ng/ml TGFβ1. We conclude that downregulation of c-myc expression represents a common mechanism of growth inhibition by TGFβ and TNFα, but that TNFα possesses an additional effect that is independent of c-myc expression.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240450210
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Giant cell tumor of bone: A unique paradigm of stromal-hematopoietic cellular interactions (1994)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 55 (1994), S. 300-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: giant cells ; osteoblasts ; osteoclasts ; hematopoiesis ; stromal cells ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Giant cell tumor of bone is a progressive, potentially malignant process which destroys skeletal tissue by virtue of its osteoclast complement. As a biological entity it provides a unique natrual model of bone resorption by osteoclasts whose recruitment and development is controlled by a neoplastic population of fibroblast-like cells. Understanding of the etiopathogenesis of this tumor could provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying osteoblast-osteoclast interactions in normal and diseased bone. Recent studies have shown that the stromal cell component in giant cell tumors is the only proliferating subpopulation of cells, and the giant cells themselves are nonproliferative and reactive. These stromal cells express several genes associated with the osteoblastic phenotype, synthesize, to a limited degree, certain matrix proteins associated with bone, and express several factors which are presumably involved in the recruitment of osteoclasts. In culture, giant cell tumor-associated stromal cells promote the fusion of monocytes and the proliferation of osteoblasts either by the secretion of factors or cell-cell contact. Hence, giant cell tumor of bone is a self-contained biosystem in which cells of both the stromal and hematopoietic lineages interact in a fashion similar to that observed in normal skeletal remodeling. The neoplastic nature of the stromal component, however, drives the hematopoietic precursors to undergo fusion, produces aggressive bone resorption, and results in extensive skeletal destruction. Examination of the various components of this system could lead to new directions for investigations aimed at a better understanding of osteoblast-osteoclast interactions. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240550305
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of mammary growth and function by TGF-β (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 32 (1992), S. 145-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Transforming growth factor-β ; Mammary ; Growth regulation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have previously shown that TGF-β1 rapidly and reversibly inhibits ductal growth in vivo when administered by miniature slow-release plastic implants. A possible role for endogenous TGF-β1 was suggested by the observation that the normal gland displayed substantial, developmentally regulated levels of TGF-β1 transcripts and protein. These studies have now been extended to include the other two mammalian TGF-β isoforms. When tested with slow-release plastic implants, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 also caused disappearance of the proliferating mammary stem cell layer, with rapid involution of ductal end buds and cessation of glandular growth. None of the isoforms was active in inhibiting alveolar morphogenesis. We conclude that under the conditions of these tests, the three mammaliian isoforms are functionally equivalent. However, striking differences in patterns of gene expression and in the distribution of immunoreactive peptides suggest that TGF-β2 was expressed only at low levels, and mainly during pregancy. TGF-β3 was expressed in ductal stroma and epithelium, and was the only isoform detected in myoepithelial cells. Developing alveolar tissue and its associated ducts displayed striking TGF-β3 gene expression and immunostaining, which were greatly reduced during lactation. We are now investigating the possibility that the observed high levels of TGF-β expression in pregnancy, particularly of TGF-β3, and the absence of substantial expression of any isoform during lactation, may indicate a role for the TGF-β in regulating functional differentiation or the onset of milk secretion. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080320210
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variations in mitochondrial ultrastructure and dynamics observed by high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 27 (1994), S. 269-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Cristae ; 3D structure ; Hepatocytes ; Fibroblasts ; Adrenal cortex ; Brown fat ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Rat adrenal cortex was processed for high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) to confirm tubular cristae, reported by transmission electron microscopy to be present in cortex mitochondria. Mitochondria in several other tissue and cell types were also observed and their ultrastructure confirmed by using three-dimensional, stereo, high resolution scanning electron microscopy. The mitochondria in rat and human hepatocytes as well as human skin fibroblasts mitochondria proved to be long, up to 46 micrometers and branching, as compared to those in liver which were spherical in shape. Cold adapted brown fat cells were packed with mitochondria, these containing plate or shelf-like cristae. Branched, rat striated muscle mitochondria were observed to curve around contractile protein filament bundles. The muscle mitochondrial cristae were found to be both tubular and plate-like, within the same mitochondrion. The ratio of tubular cristae to plate-like cristae varied considerably between muscle mitochondria. In order to use ultrastructural changes in mitochondria for differential diagnosis, and because 3D reconstruction of mitochondria based on transmission electron microscopy serial sections is severely limited in resolution, it is imperative to first develop a correct understanding of tissue specific, normal mitochondrial ultrastructure based on three-dimensional, HRSEM methods. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070270402
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Timetable of in vivo embryonic development in the grey short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica) (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 39 (1994), S. 365-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Marsupial ; Gestation ; Embryogenesis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The timing of development was examined in 496 embryos from female Monodelphis domestica, collected at known time intervals after video recorded mating. Ovulation occurred approximately 20 hr (day 1) after mating, and fertilization was observed by 24 hr. Transport through the oviducts was rapid, and pronuclear stage embryos were recovered from the uterus as early as 24 hr after mating. Second cleavage had occurred by 55 hr after mating. Three-celled embryos were among those collected on day 3 after mating, indicating that asynchronous cleavage of blastomeres can occur from the two-cell stage. The four-cell stage persisted for approximately 24 hr, and embryos that had undergone third cleavage were first recovered 74 hr after mating. Embryos that had undergone fourth to fifth cleavage were found 96-100 hr (4 days) after mating and complete unilaminar blastocysts by 5.5 days after mating. Primary endoderm formed from an already distinct embryonic area of the unilaminar blastocyst early on day 7 after mating. Formation of the bilaminar blastocyst was completed rapidly, on day 7 after mating. The primitive streak appeared on day 10 after mating, and organogenesis rapidly ensued on a timetable similar to that reported for Didelphis virginiana (McCrady, 1938). Close contact with the maternal circulation was established on day 11 and by day 12 maternal and embryonic tissues could not be separated without damage. The length of the gestation period from fertilization to birth was approximately 13.5 days. These observations provide the basis for further embryological cellular and molecular studies of this species as a laboratory model for marsupial development.© 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080390404
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth on type I collagen promotes expression of the osteoblastic phenotype in human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 153 (1992), S. 256-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Using MG-63 cells as a model system capable of partial osteoblastic differentiation, we have examined the effect of growth on extracellular matrix. MG-63 cell matrix and purified type I collagen induced a morphological change characterized by long cytoplasmic processes reminiscent of those seen in osteocytes. Concurrent biochemical changes involving bone marker proteins included increased specific activity of cell-associated alkaline phosphatase and increased secretion of osteonectin (up to 2.5-fold for each protein); all changes occurred without alterations in the growth kinetics of the MG-63 cells. The increase in alkaline phosphatase activity was maximal on days 6-8 following seeding; increased osteonectin secretion was most prominent immediately following seeding; all changes decreased as cells reached confluence. Growing cells on type I collagen resulted in an increased induction of alkaline phosphatase activity by 1,25 (OH)2D3 (with little change in the 1,25 (OH)2D3 induction of osteonectin and osteocalcin secretion), and increased TGF-β induction of alkaline phosphatase activity as well (both TGF-β1 and TGF-β2). Both the 1,25 (OH)2D3 and TGF-β effects appeared to be synergistic with growth on type I collagen. These studies support the hypothesis that bone extracellular matrix may play an important role in osteoblastic differentiation and phenotypic expression.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041530205
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kidney-specific enzyme expression by human kidney cell lines generated through oncogene transfection (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 148 (1991), S. 54-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The human kidney cell line 293 was generated by transfection of adenovirus DNA into normal human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells (Graham et al., 1977), whereas the human kidney cell lines ST-1i and STt-4i were generated by transfection of HEK cells with plasmids encoding SV40 viral oncogenes (Abcouwer et al., 1989). In this study, we examined kidney-specific enzyme activity levels in 293, ST-1i, and STt-4i cells to determine their ability to exhibit kidney-specific gene expression. Enzymes examined were leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP), and the disaccharidases trehalase and maltase. Enzymatic activity levels were compared to three other kidney cell lines (MDCK, OK, and LLC-PK1) as well as to normal human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells and the human hepatoma cell line, Hep G2. Modulation of kidney-specific enzyme activities was assessed in response to several differentiation-inducing agents (adenosine, n-butyric acid, hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N, N′-dimethylformamide (DMF), isobutyl methyl xanthine (IBMX), di butyryl cAMP, and retinoic acid). ST-1i and STt-4i exhibit elevated levels of LAP, γ-GTP, trehalase, and maltase, consistent with their kidney cell origin, whereas 293 cells exhibit elevated levels of just γ-GTP and maltase. Maltase and γ-GTP enzyme activities in ST-1i and STt-4i cells were very responsive to the various inducing agents; 293 cells were less responsive at the inducer concentrations examined. None of the three human cell lines formed domes under any of the experimental conditions. In summary, ST-1i and STt-4i are comparable to normal HEK cells in expression of kidney-specific enzymes and in responsiveness to differentiation-inducing agents, in spite of continued expression of SV40 oncogenes.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041480107
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential induction of the c-fos promoter through distinct PDGF receptor-mediated signaling pathways (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 150 (1992), S. 386-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The multiple isoforms of PDGF induce fibroblastic mitogenesis through two distinct PDGF receptors, α and β. The molecular mechanisms by which these α and β PDGF receptors regulate gene expression are poorly understood. We present data which indicates that differential induction of c-fos gene expression by PDGF isoforms occurs through distinct PDGF α and β receptor-mediated signaling pathways. Comparison of PDGF-AA with PDGF-BB stimulation showed that PDGF-BB induced prolonged expression of the c-fos gene in BALB/c-3T3 cells, but that PDGF-AA induced more potent activation of the serum response element (SRE) in transient transfection assays. PDGF-AA, which binds α but not β PDGF receptors, could only induce the SRE through a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent pathway, whereas PDGF-BB, which binds both α and β PDGF receptors, could also induce the SRE through a PKC-independent pathway. These results suggest that PDGF α receptors activate the PKC-dependent signaling pathway while PDGF β receptors also activate a PKC-independent pathway. In addition, we found that PDGF-BB could induce another c-fos promoter element within the  -  90 to + 10 region, suggesting that the more potent mitogenic effect and prolonged c-fos gene expression induced by PDGF-BB may result from cooperativity between more than one c-fos promoter elements.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041500223
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A plexiglass perfusion chamber for staining multiple electron microscope grids (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 17 (1991), S. 471-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060170412
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  • 10
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    Search for CO absorption bands in IUE far-ultraviolet spectra of cool stars (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Observations of the red supergiant (M2 Iab) alpha Ori with the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph (GHRS) on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) have provided an unambiguous detection of a far-ultraviolet (far-UV) chromospheric continuum on which are superposed strong molecular absorption bands. The absorption bands have been identified by Carpenter et al. (1994) with the fourth-positive A-X system of CO and are likely formed in the circumstellar shell. Comparison of these GHRS data with archival International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) spectra of alpha Ori indicates that both the continuum and the CO absorption features can be seen with IUE, especially if multiple IUE spectra, reduced with the post-1981 IUESIPS extraction procedure (i.e., with an oversampling slit), are carefully coadded to increase the signal to noise over that obtainable with a single spectrum. We therefore initiated a program, utilizing both new and archival IUE Short Wavelength Prime (SWP) spectra, to survey 15 cool, low-gravity stars, including alpha Ori, for the presence of these two new chromospheric and circumstellar shell diagnostics. We establish positive detections of far-UV stellar continua, well above estimated IUE in-order scattered light levels, in spectra of all of the program stars. However, well-defined CO absorption features are seen only in the alpha Ori spectra, even though spectra of most of the program stars have sufficient signal to noise to allow the dectection of features of comparable magnitude to the absorptions seen in alpha Ori. Clearly if CO is present in the circumstellar environments of any of these stars, it is at much lower column densities.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomical Journal (ISSN 0004-6256); 107; 2; p. 747-750
    Format: text
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