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  • ASTRONOMY  (5)
  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY  (5)
  • SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER  (3)
  • Cyanophora paradoxa  (2)
  • 1990-1994  (15)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyanellar Ferredoxin-NADP+-oxidoreductase of Cyanophora paradoxa is encoded by the nuclear genome and synthesized on cytoplasmatic 80S ribosomes (1990)
    Springer
    Current genetics 17 (1990), S. 265-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Cyanophora paradoxa ; Ferredoxin-NADP+-oxidoreductase ; Protein-import ; Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cyanophora paradoxa is an important model organism for the study of the transition from endocytobiontic cyanobacteria to factual eukaryotic cell organelles. The cyanelles of these organisms possess cyanobacterial, as well as plastidic, characteristics. Although the transfer of cyanellar proteins from cytosolic into cyanellar space has been shown, the process of translocation of a known protein across the peptidoglycan layer and the envelope membranes has not been characterized. In this study we demonstrate that a specific and obligate cyanelle protein —Ferredoxin-NADP+-oxidoreductase (FNR) — is coded on the nuclear genome, synthesized on 80S ribosomes and transported from the eukaryotic cell compartment into the cyanelles of Cyanophora paradoxa, an original intracellular host-guest relation. These results indicate a gene transfer from guest to host genome and support the view that, in spite of their cyanobacterial origin, cyanelles have been evolved to cell organelles comparable to plastids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00312619
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence analysis of pre-ferredoxin-NADP+-reductase cDNA from Cyanophora paradoxa specifying a precursor for a nucleus-encoded cyanelle polypeptide (1993)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 21 (1993), S. 1023-1033 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: cyanelles ; Cyanophora paradoxa ; peptidoglycan ; petH ; pre-ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase ; protein import
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A cDNA clone for pre-ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FNR) was obtained by screening a Cyanophora paradoxa expression library with antibodies specific for cyanelle FNR. The 1.4 kb transcript was derived from a single-copy gene. The precursor (41 kDa) and mature forms (34 kDa) of FNR were identified by western blotting of in vitro translation products and cyanelle extracts, respectively. The derived amino acid sequence of the mature form was corroborated by data from N-terminal protein sequencing and yielded identity scores from 58% to 62% upon comparison with cyanobacterial FNRs. Sequence conservation seemed to be even more pronounced in comparison with enzymes from higher plants, but using the neighbor joining method the C. paradoxa sequence was clearly positioned between the prokaryotic and eukaryotic sequences. The transit peptide of 65 or 66 amino acids appeared to be totally unrelated to those from spinach, pea and ice plant but showed overall characteristics of stroma-targeting peptides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023600
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  • 3
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    BATSE gamma-ray burst line search. 1: Search for narrow lines in spectroscopy detector data (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Analysis of data from the Spectroscopy Detectors (SDs) of the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO) has found no convincing line features in the spectra of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in almost 3 years of operation, in contrast to expectations based on results from other experiments. In this Letter we discuss the visual search for narrow lines in the SD data. The search has examined 192 bursts, of which approximately 18 were intense enough that lines similar to those seen by instruments on the Ginga satellite would have been visible between approximately 20 and approximately 100 keV. A simplified calculation shows that the BATSE and Ginga results are consistent at the 13% level.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters (ISSN 0004-637X); 433; 2; p. L77-L80
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    The Mid-Infrared Spectrometer on the Infrared Telescope in Space (IRTS) mission (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The Mid-Infrared Spectrometer (MIRS) is one of the four focal plane instruments on the Infrared Telescope in Space (IRTS) mission. The instrument has been constructed, tested, and calibrated in the laboratory and is presently scheduled to be launched by a Japanese expendable launch vehicle as part of the Space Flyer Unit-1 mission in early 1995. The wavelength coverage of the MIRS ranges from 4.5 to 11.7 microns, with a spectral resolution of 0.23 to 0.36 microns. With the cryogenically cooled optics of the IRTS telescope assembly, the MIRS will be able to make an extremely sensitive survey of both point-source and extended objects over an estimated 10% of the sky.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 428; 1; p. 370-376
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Principal modes of variation of rain-rate probability distributions (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Radar or satellite observations of an area generate sequences of rain-rate maps. From a gridded map a histogram of rain rates can be obtained representing the relative areas occupied by rain rates of various strengths. The histograms vary with time as precipitating systems in the area evolve and decay and amounts of convective and stratiform rain in the area change. A method of decomposing the histograms into linear combinations of a few empirical distributions with time-dependent coefficients is developed, using principal component analysis as a starting point. When applied to a tropical Atlantic dataset (GATE), two distributions emerge naturally from the analysis, resembling stratiform and convective rain-rate distributions in that they peak at low and high rain rates, respectively. The two 'modes' have different timescales and only the high-rain-rate mode has a statistically significant diurnal cycle. The ability of just two modes to describe rain variabiltiy over an area can explain why methods of estimating area-averaged rain rate from the area covered by rain rates above a certain threshold are so successful.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Applied Meteorology (ISSN 0894-8763); 33; 9; p. 1067-1078
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Detecting the diurnal cycle of rainfall using satellite observations (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The diurnal cycle in rainfall varies considerably from region to region in the tropics. Determining this variability is important both for comparing predictions of atmospheric models to real atmospheric behavior and for making sure that estimates of total rainfall from low-altitude satellites are not biased because of their infrequent observations of a given region of the earth. Although there are no data from the proposed Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite to work with yet, we can ask how well the diurnal cycle in rainfall will be detected when the satellite is eventually collecting data, given the satellite's proposed sampling characteristics. Data analyses for the diurnal cycle are discussed, taking into account the fact that the satellite visits will be irregularly spaced in time. The amplitudes of the first few harmonics will be determined by least-squares fits to the satellite observations, and the tests needed to establish the statistical significance of the fitted amplitudes are discussed. The accuracy with which the first few harmonics of the diurnal cycle can be detected is estimated from several months of satellite data using rainfall statistics observed during the GARP (Global Atmospheric Research Program) Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE).
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Applied Meteorology (ISSN 0894-8763); 32; 2; p. 311-322.
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    The relation of radar to cloud area-time integrals and implications for rain measurements from space (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The relationships between satellite-based and radar-measured area-time integrals (ATI) for convective storms are determined, and both are shown to depend on the climatological conditional mean rain rate and the ratio of the measured cloud area to the actual rain area of the storms. The GOES precipitation index of Arkin (1986) for convective storms, an area-time integral for satellite cloud areas, is shown to be related to the ATI for radar-observed rain areas. The quality of GPI-based rainfall estimates depends on how well the cloud area is related to the rain area and the size of the sampling domain. It is also noted that the use of a GOES cloud ATI in conjunction with the radar area-time integral will improve the accuracy of rainfall estimates and allow such estimates to be made in much smaller space-time domains than the 1-month and 5-deg boxes anticipated for the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Monthly Weather Review (ISSN 0027-0644); 120; 9, Se
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  • 8
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    Sampling errors for satellite-derived tropical rainfall - Monte Carlo study using a space-time stochastic model (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Estimates of monthly average rainfall based on satellite observations from a low earth orbit will differ from the true monthly average because the satellite observes a given area only intermittently. This sampling error inherent in satellite monitoring of rainfall would occur even if the satellite instruments could measure rainfall perfectly. The size of this error is estimated for a satellite system being studied at NASA, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). First, the statistical description of rainfall on scales from 1 to 1000 km is examined in detail, based on rainfall data from the Global Atmospheric Research Project Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE). A TRMM-like satellite is flown over a two-dimensional time-evolving simulation of rainfall using a stochastic model with statistics tuned to agree with GATE statistics. The distribution of sampling errors found from many months of simulated observations is found to be nearly normal, even though the distribution of area-averaged rainfall is far from normal. For a range of orbits likely to be employed in TRMM, sampling error is found to be less than 10 percent of the mean for rainfall averaged over a 500 x 500 sq km area.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 2195-220
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Advanced technology lunar telescope (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: A new type of telescope pointing system designed specifically for space and lunar applications will be discussed, based upon a prototype advanced technology telescope under investigation. The focus here will be the system of hybrid superconductor magnetic bearings (HSMB) used to provide isolation support and steering functions. HSMB's are combinations of high temperature superconductors, permanent magnets, and coils, being passive (requiring no power), noncontact, and essentially frictionless. These also are well suited to long-term unattended operation in the space environment. The characteristics of these subsystems, their expected behavior under space vacuum, and thermal and radiation environments are discussed.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., The Twenty-Fifth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 3: P-Z; p 1501-1502
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    CERN-derived analysis of lunar radiation backgrounds (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: The Moon produces radiation which background-limits scientific experiments there. Early analyses of these backgrounds have either failed to take into consideration the effect of charm in particle physics (because they pre-dated its discovery), or have used branching ratios which are no longer strictly valid (due to new accelerator data). We are presently investigating an analytical program for deriving muon and neutrino spectra generated by the Moon, converting an existing CERN computer program known as GEANT which does the same for the Earth. In so doing, this will (1) determine an accurate prompt neutrino spectrum produced by the lunar surface; (2) determine the lunar subsurface particle flux; (3) determine the consequence of charm production physics upon the lunar background radiation environment; and (4) provide an analytical tool for the NASA astrophysics community with which to begin an assessment of the Moon as a scientific laboratory versus its particle radiation environment. This will be done on a recurring basis with the latest experimental results of the particle data groups at Earth-based high-energy accelerators, in particular with the latest branching ratios for charmed meson decay. This will be accomplished for the first time as a full 3-dimensional simulation.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Twenty-Fourth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 3: N-Z; p 1529-1530
    Format: text
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