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  • AIR TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY  (20)
  • SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
  • 1990-1994  (20)
  • 1
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    Experimental evaluation of candidate graphical microburst alert displays (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The topics addressed are: (1) experimental evaluation of candidate graphical microburst displays; (2) microburst detection and alerting; (3) previous part-task simulator experiment-comparison of presentation modes; (4) presentation mode comparison-results; (5) advantages of graphical mode of presentation; (6) graphical microburst alert experiment-objectives; and graphical microburst alert experiment-overview; and (7) candidate display design.
    Keywords: AIR TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, Airborne Wind Shear Detection and Warning Systems. Fourth Combined Manufacturers' and Technologists' Conference, Part 2; p 879-904
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Evaluation of iconic versus F-map microburst displays (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Previous studies have shown graphical presentation methods of hazardous wind shear to be superior to textual or audible warnings alone. Positional information and the strength of the hazard were observed to be and were cited by pilots as the most important factors in a display. In this experiment the use of the three different graphical presentations of hazardous wind shear are examined. Airborne predictive detectors of wind shear enable the dissemination of varying levels of information. The effectiveness of iconic and mapping display modes of different complexities are addressed through simulation and analysis. Different positional and time-varying situations are presented in a 'part-task' Boeing 767 simulator using data from actual microburst events. Experienced airline pilots fly approach profiles using both iconic and F-map wind shear alerting displays. Microburst accompanied each event is also shown to the pilot. Mapping display types are expected to be found exceptionally efficient at conveying location comparison information while iconic displays simplify the threat recognition process. Preliminary results from the simulator study are presented. Recommendations concerning the suitability of multilevel iconic and mapping displays are made. Situational problems with current display prototypes are also addressed.
    Keywords: AIR TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, Airborne Windshear Detection and Warning Systems. Fifth and Final Combined Manufacturers' and Technologists' Conference, Part 1; p 287-305
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Cockpit display of hazardous wind shear information (1990)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Information on cockpit display of wind shear information is given in viewgraph form. Based on the current status of windshear sensors and candidate data dissemination systems, the near-term capabilities for windshear avoidance will most likely include: (1) Ground-based detection: TDWR (Terminal Doppler Weather Radar), LLWAS (Low-Level Windshear Alert System), Automated PIREPS; (2) Ground-Air datalinks: Air traffic control voice channels, Mode-S digital datalink, ACARS alphanumeric datalink. The possible datapaths for integration of these systems are illustrated in a diagram. In the future, airborne windshear detection systems such as lidars, passive IR detectors, or airborne Doppler radars may also become available. Possible future datalinks include satellite downlink and specialized en route weather channels.
    Keywords: AIR TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY
    Type: NASA, Langley Research Center, Joint University Program for Air Transportation Research, 1988-1989; p 17-34
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    A data fusion algorithm for multi-sensor microburst hazard assessment (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A recursive model-based data fusion algorithm for multi-sensor microburst hazard assessment is described. An analytical microburst model is used to approximate the actual windfield, and a set of 'best' model parameters are estimated from measured winds. The winds corresponding to the best parameter set can then be used to compute alerting factors such as microburst position, extent, and intensity. The estimation algorithm is based on an iterated extended Kalman filter which uses the microburst model parameters as state variables. Microburst state dynamic and process noise parameters are chosen based on measured microburst statistics. The estimation method is applied to data from a time-varying computational simulation of a historical microburst event to demonstrate its capabilities and limitations. Selection of filter parameters and initial conditions is discussed. Computational requirements and datalink bandwidth considerations are also addressed.
    Keywords: AIR TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, FAA(NASA Joint University Program for Air Transportation Research, 1992-1993; p 17-28
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  • 5
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    Experimental investigation of passive infrared ice detection for helicopter applications (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A technique is proposed to remotely detect rotor icing on helicopters. Using passive infrared (IR) thermometry it is possible to detect the warming caused by latent heat released as supercooled water freezes. During icing, the ice accretion region on the blade leading edge will be warmer than the uniced trailing edge resulting in a chordwise temperature profile characteristic of icing. Preliminary tests were conducted on a static model in the NASA Icing Research Tunnel for a variety of wet (glaze) and dry (rime) ice conditions. The characteristic chordwise temperature profiles were observed with an IR thermal video system and confirmed with thermocouple measurements. A prototype detector system was built consisting of a single point IR pyrometer, and experiments were run on a small scale rotor model. Again the characteristic chordwise temperature profiles were observed during icing, and the IR system was able to remotely detect icing. Based on the static and subscale rotor tests the passive IR technique is promising for rotor ice detection.
    Keywords: AIR TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY
    Type: AIAA PAPER 91-0667
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    The influence of ice accretion physics on the forecasting of aircraft icing conditions (1990)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The physics which control aircraft ice accretion are reviewed in the context of identifying and forecasting hazardous icing conditions. The severity of aircraft icing is found to be extremely sensitive to temperature, liquid water content and droplet size distribution particularly near the transition between rime and mixed icing. The difficulty in measurement and the variability of these factors with altitude, position and time coupled with variable aircraft sensitivity make forecasting and identifying icing conditions difficult. Automated Pilot Reports (PIREPS) are suggested as one mechanism for improving the data base necessary to forecast icing conditions.
    Keywords: AIR TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY
    Type: NASA, Langley Research Center, Joint University Program for Air Transportation Research, 1988-1989; p 63-67
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  • 7
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    A passive infrared ice detection technique for helicopter applications (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A technique has been developed, and successfully tested, to detect icing remotely on helicopter rotor blades. Using passive infrared (IR) thermometry it is possible to detect the warming caused by latent heat released as supercooled water freezes. During icing, the ice accretion region on the leading edge of the blade is found to be warmer than the uniced trailing edge resulting in a chordwise temperature profile characteristic of icing. Preliminary tests, using an IR Thermal video system, were conducted on a static model in the NASA Icing Research Tunnel (IRT) for a variety of wet (glaze) and dry (rime) ice conditions. A prototype detector system was built consisting of a single point IR pyrometer, and experiments were run on a small scale rotor model. Using this prototype detector, the characteristic chordwise temperature profiles were again observed for a range of icing conditions. Several signal processing methods were investigated, to allow automatic recognition of the icing signature. Additionally, several implementation issues were considered. Based on both the static and subscale rotor tests, where ice was successfully detected, the passive IR technique appears to be promising for rotor ice detection.
    Keywords: AIR TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY
    Type: NASA-CR-193187 , NAS 1.26:193187 , ASL-91-4
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  • 8
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    Hazard alerting and situational awareness in advanced air transport cockpits (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Advances in avionics and display technology have significantly changed the cockpit environment in current 'glass cockpit' aircraft. Recent developments in display technology, on-board processing, data storage, and datalinked communications are likely to further alter the environment in second and third generation 'glass cockpit' aircraft. The interaction of advanced cockpit technology with human cognitive performance has been a major area of activity within the MIT Aeronautical Systems Laboratory. This paper presents an overview of the MIT Advanced Cockpit Simulation Facility. Several recent research projects are briefly reviewed and the most important results are summarized.
    Keywords: AIR TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, Joint University Program for Air Transportation Research, 1991-1992; p 35-45
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  • 9
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    Alert generation and cockpit presentation for an integrated microburst alerting system (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Alert generation and cockpit presentation issues for low level wind shear (microburst) alerts are investigated. Alert generation issues center on the development of a hazard criterion which allows integration of both ground based and airborne wind shear detection systems to form an accurate picture of the aviation hazard posed by a particular wind shear situation. A methodology for the testing of a hazard criteria through flight simulation has been developed, and has been used to examine the effectiveness and feasibility of several possible criteria. Also, an experiment to evaluate candidate graphical cockpit displays for microburst alerts using a piloted simulator has been designed.
    Keywords: AIR TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, Joint University Program for Air Transportation Research, 1990-1991; p 29-39
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  • 10
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    Deterministic multi-zone ice accretion modeling (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The focus here is on a deterministic model of the surface roughness transition behavior of glaze ice. The initial smooth/rough transition location, bead formation, and the propagation of the transition location are analyzed. Based on the hypothesis that the smooth/rough transition location coincides with the laminar/turbulent boundary layer transition location, a multizone model is implemented in the LEWICE code. In order to verify the effectiveness of the model, ice accretion predictions for simple cylinders calculated by the multizone LEWICE are compared to experimental ice shapes. The glaze ice shapes are found to be sensitive to the laminar surface roughness and bead thickness parameters controlling the transition location, while the ice shapes are found to be insensitive to the turbulent surface roughness.
    Keywords: AIR TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, Joint University Program for Air Transportation Research, 1990-1991; p 19-28
    Format: application/pdf
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