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  • Humans  (31)
  • Chemical Engineering  (23)
  • AERODYNAMICS  (18)
  • 1990-1994  (72)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical simulation of non-isothermal SMC (sheet molding compound) molding (1993)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 14 (1993), S. 503-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Design of molding tools and molding cycles for sheet molding compounds (SMC) is often expensive and time consuming. Computer simulation of the compression molding process is a desirable approach for reducing actual experimental runs. The focus of this work is to develop a computer model that can simulate the most important features of SMC compression molding, including material flow, heat transfer, and curing. A control volume/finite element approach was used to obtain the pressure and velocity fields and to compute the flow progression during compression mold filling. The energy equation and a kinetic model were solved simultaneously for the temperature and conversion profiles differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to experimentally measure the polymer zation kinetics. A rheometrics dynamic analyzer (RDA) was used to measure the rheological changes of the compound. A series of molding experiments was conducted to record the flow front location and material temperature. The results were compared to simulated flow front and temperature profiles.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750140608
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  • 2
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    A receptor for the malarial parasite Plasmodium vivax: the erythrocyte chemokine receptor (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-08-27
    Description: Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum are the major causes of human malaria, except in sub-Saharan Africa where people lack the Duffy blood group antigen, the erythrocyte receptor for P. vivax. Duffy negative human erythrocytes are resistant to invasion by P. vivax and the related monkey malaria, P. knowlesi. Several lines of evidence in the present study indicate that the Duffy blood group antigen is the erythrocyte receptor for the chemokines interleukin-8 (IL-8) and melanoma growth stimulatory activity (MGSA). First, IL-8 binds minimally to Duffy negative erythrocytes. Second, a monoclonal antibody to the Duffy blood group antigen blocked binding of IL-8 and other chemokines to Duffy positive erythrocytes. Third, both MGSA and IL-8 blocked the binding of the parasite ligand and the invasion of human erythrocytes by P. knowlesi, suggesting the possibility of receptor blockade for anti-malarial therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Horuk, R -- Chitnis, C E -- Darbonne, W C -- Colby, T J -- Rybicki, A -- Hadley, T J -- Miller, L H -- HL 41382/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Aug 27;261(5125):1182-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7689250" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antigens, Protozoan ; Chemokine CCL5 ; Chemokine CXCL1 ; *Chemokines, CXC ; Chemotactic Factors/metabolism ; Cytokines/metabolism ; *Duffy Blood-Group System ; Erythrocytes/*parasitology ; Growth Substances/metabolism ; Humans ; *Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Interleukin-8/*metabolism ; Lymphokines/metabolism ; Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteins ; Plasmodium knowlesi/*metabolism/physiology ; Plasmodium vivax/*metabolism/physiology ; *Protozoan Proteins ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Receptors, Immunologic/*metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin-8A
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indentation behavior of polymer coatings on glass (1992)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 32 (1992), S. 1366-1371 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: For relatively soft polymer coatings on soda-lime glass substrates the indentation load increases substantially when the indenter penetrates into the glass substrate since the glass can now directly support some of the indenter load. A model for the indentation load-depth behavior is developed by accounting for the indentation load shared by the coating and substrate. This model accounts for the additional load supported by the coating due to the pile-up of coating material underneath the indenter. The model predicts the indentation behavior as a function of coating and substrate hardnesses and coating thickness. Comparison of the model to experimental data for a wide range of polymer coatings (two epoxies, epoxy acrylate, and urethane acrylate) on soda-lime glass substrates shows good agreement.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760321805
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effectiveness of polymer coatings on reducing indention damage in glass (1992)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 32 (1992), S. 1372-1378 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polymer coatings are widely used to protect glass from indentation damage. A model for the strength degradation that occurs when a sharp indenter penetrates through the coating is developed by accounting for the indentation load shared by the coating and substrate. This model accounts for the additional load supported by the coating due to the pile-up of coating material underneath the indenter. The model predicts the strength degradation as a function of indentation load, coating and substrate hardnesses, and coating thickness. Comparison of the model to experimental data for a wide range of polymer coatings (two epoxies, epoxy acrylate, and urethane acrylate) on soda-lime glass substrates shows good agreement.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760321806
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A direct injection gas-liquid chromatographic method to monitor polymer melt devolatilization: Methyl methacrylate in poly(methyl methacrylate) (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 1500-1503 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new capillary gas chromatography method to monitor a residual monomer in a polymer is described. A short (5 m) crosslinked methyl silicone fused silica capillary column with flame ionization detection gave good separation efficiency and parts-per-million detection limits. Capillary gas-liquid chromatography was superior to packed column analysis (SP 1000) in terms of both analytical utility and ease of use. This technique may prove useful for monitoring other monomer/polymer systems.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760302303
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of lagrangian statistics to describe slurry transport (1993)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 39 (1993), S. 1581-1591 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Lagrangian statistics are explored as a means of describing the transport of solids in a turbulently flowing liquid. The essential feature of the approach is to represent the concentration field as resulting from a distribution of sources of particles. It is argued that this provides a better framework to understand the physics than the Eulerian analysis currently being used. Fully developed concentration fields are calculated, using the assumptions of homogeneous turbulence and plug flow. It is found that the configuration of solids and the suspended load depend primarily on the ratio of the settling velocity to the friction velocity, which is a measure of the relative importance of turbulence and of settling in depositing particles. The analysis emphasizes the need for a better understanding of the mechanism and the rate of entrainment of particles into a turbulently flowing liquid.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690391002
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Initiation of slugs in horizontal gas-liquid flows (1993)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 39 (1993), S. 1741-1753 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experiments were conducted with air-water flow in a horizontal 0.095-m pipeline at atmospheric pressure to examine the mechanism by which slugs form in a stratified flow. A specially designed entrance box was used to avoid disturbances. In these experiments, at superficial gas velocities less than 3 m/s, the slugs are found to evolve from waves, with a length of about 0.085 m, that are generated by a Jeffreys mechanism. These waves grow in height and eventually double in wavelength by a nonlinear resonance mechanism. Depending on the height of the liquid, the growth can lead to a breaking wave or to a wave that fills the whole pipe cross section. At superficial gas velocities equal to or greater than 4 m/s capillary-gravity waves with a wide range of lengths are generated by a linear Kelvin-Helmholtz mechanism. These rapidly evolve into long waves outside the range of linear instability. If the liquid height is large enough, these waves can form slugs through a nonlinear Kelvin-Helmholtz instability that is aided by wave coalescence.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690391102
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new reactor for purely homogeneous kinetic studies of endothermic reactions (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 40 (1994), S. 1535-1548 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new counterflow jet reactor has been designed to study the purely homogeneous kinetics of endothermic reactions. The reactor consists of two vertical, coaxial, counterflowing, laminar jets and radial-flow exit region. It can be used to generate a reaction zone near the stagnation point and away from walls, thus eliminating the possibility of surface reactions. One jet is heated and contains only a suitable carrier gas such as hydrogen and nitrogen, while the other is unheated and contains the compound(s) under study diluted in the same carrier gas. A 2-D model of the process has been used to simulate the thermal decomposition of tertiary-butyl-arsine, a precursor for metal-organic chemical vapor deposition of GaAs films. Performance diagrams based on Reynolds and Demköhler numbers were constructed to identify optimal operating conditions and to demonstrate the feasibility of the technique. This reactor appears to be an attractive choice for studies of the purely homogeneous kinetics of endothermic reactions at pressures close to atmospheric.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690400912
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(Phenylene oxide)/polyamide blends via reactive extrusion (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 1056-1062 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Reactive extrusion of functionalized polymers provides a convenient, commercially attractive route for the preparation of copolymers useful in compatibilization of polymer blends. In the current study, the grafting chemistry of maleic anhydride to poly(phenylene oxide) in the absence of a radical initiator is contrasted to that of efficient quinone-methide trapping agents such as maleimides. In the case of maleic anhydride, functionalization is shown to occur randomly along the polymer backbone whereas maleimides react to give both main chain and end-group derivatives. Use of this anhydride-functionalized polyfphenylene oxide and an end-group functionalized analog in blends with polyamide-6,6 affords high levels of graft and diblock copolymers respectively, sufficient for the preparation of highly ductile materials. The properties of these polyamide blends are found to depend on the amount of copolymer formed during extrusion with final copolymer levels being in turn returned to the degree of anhydride functionalization. The properties and morphology of blends containing graft or diblock copolymers derived from main-chain and end-group functionality respectively, are rationalized in terms of the relative effectiveness of different copolymer structures in blend compatibilization.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760301709
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New approaches to the processing of rutile-filled polyolefins (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 950-956 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The performance of a fluorocarbon elastomer processing additive in rutile-filled linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) compounds was evaluated by capillary rheometry, and blown film extrusion. Different compounding sequences were considered and their effects on the performance of the processing additive in the presence of various rutiles examined. Lower apparent melt viscosities and higher shear rates for the onset of melt fracture were observed when using certain surface treated rutiles. The nature of the surface coating applied to rutiles was found to have a great influence on the Theological properties of the filled compounds and on the dispersibility of the solids. The acid-base characteristics of rutiles were determined by inverse gas chromatography techniques, and inherent agglomeration indexes for the pigments were measured by an application of powder rheology principles. It was found that those rutiles with high agglomeration indexes or those with highly basic surfaces interfered the most with the processing additive. Mechanisms by which rutile dispersibility and acid-base character influence the effectiveness of the fluorocarbon elastomer processing additive are discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760301604
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