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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic studies of magnetosomes in magnetotactic bacteria (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 27 (1994), S. 389-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Biomineralization ; Greigite ; Magnetite ; Pyrite ; Single-magnetic-domain ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Electron microscopic studies on magnetosomes in magnetotactic bacteria have revealed much information on their composition, structure, and even the formation of their mineral phase. The mineral phases of the magnetosomes are of two general types: iron oxides and iron sulfides. Iron oxide-type magnetosomes contain particles of the ferrimagnetic mineral magnetite (Fe3O4) while the iron sulfide-type contain ferrimagnetic greigite (Fe3S4), greigite and non-magnetic pyrite (FeS2), or possibly ferrimagnetic pyrrhotite (Fe7S8). Regardless of their composition, the crystalline particles in magnetosomes have a narrow size range: approximately 35 to 120 nm. Magnetite crystals in this size range are single-magnetic-domains and confer a permanent magnetic dipole moment to the cell. The single-domain size range for greigite is not known but is probably similar to that for magnetite.The morphology of the particles in the bacterial magnetosomes appears to be species-specific. Morphologies of magnetite crystals in different species of magnetotactic bacteria include cubooctahedra, parallelepipedal (truncated hexahedral or octahedral prisms), and tooth- or bullet-shaped (anisotropic). Morphologies of greigite particles include cubo-octahedra and rectangular prismatic. The greigite-pyrite particles are generally pleomorphic with no consistent crystalline morphology. A membrane has been shown to surround the particles in some organisms and may be involved in the formation of the crystalline phase while also providing physical constraints on the size and the shape of the crystal. These results clearly indicate that the biomineralization process involved in the bacterial magnetosome, a good example of a self-assembled structure on a nanometer scale, is highly controlled by the organism. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070270505
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling of isotropic reacting turbulence by a hybrid mapping-EDQNM closure (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 535-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A hybrid model is developed and implemented for predicting the limiting bound of the reactant conversion rate in an isotropic turbulent flow under the influence of a reaction of the type A + B Products. This model is based on the amplitude mapping closure of Kraichnan for the molecular mixing of a stochastically distributed scalar, and the eddy-damped quasi-normal Markovian (EDQNM) spectral closure for the two-point scalar covariance. The results predicted by this model compare well with available experimental data in both gaseous and aqueous plug-flow reactors, but point to the need for more detailed measurements in future experimental studies. With the implementation of the mapping closure, a simple analytical expression is obtained for the decay rate of the unmixedness. This expression is very convenient and is recommended for direct practical applications in the modeling and design of plug-flow reactors.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380407
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative assessment of closures for turbulent reacting flows (1993)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 39 (1993), S. 899-903 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690390519
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genes and structural patterns in ciliates: Vance tartar and the “cellular architects” (1992)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 13 (1992), S. 181-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Inheritance ; non-genic ; pattern-formation ; ciliate ; Stentor coeruleus ; Tartar ; Vance ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The one form of cytoplasmic inheritance that has not been assimilated into the Central Dogma is the inheritance of surface structural patterns, a phenomenon most clearly expressed in cilates. Vance Tartar, although he worked with a genetically undomesticated organism (Stentor coeruleus), provided early evidence for the crucial role of clonally propagated features of the cell cortex. He showed that the capacity for development of cortical organelle systems is associated with a particular relational feature, the “locus of stripe contrast” (LSC), and that clonally inherited cortical variants (homopolar doublets) could be created at will by microsurgical operations that duplicated the LSC. Tartar also hoped to demonstrate the existence of what David Nanney called “cellular architects” by provoking stentors to carry out entirely novel types of morphogenetic performances. He eventually acknowledged failure, although the bizarre juxtapositions by which he attempted to elicit such novel performances did bring about specific and illuminating defects in cortical development. Subsequent analyses of similar defects in other ciliates revealed not the unitary “pattern factor” postulated by Tartar, but rather a hierarchy of distinct patterning mechanisms. Nonetheless, by pursuing an embryological approach toward morphogenesis in a highly regulative ciliate, Tartar uncovered relational aspects of pattern-determination; this, in my view, delineates the major problem that we must solve to gain understanding of intracellular patterning. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020130302
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of novel energetic compounds. 8. Electrosynthesis of azidodinitromethyl compounds (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 15 (1990), S. 26-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Azidodinitromethyl compounds represent a new highly energetic class of propellant ingredients. Preparation of these materials was accomplished by means of electroxidative coupling of azide ions to dinitromethyl carbanions. Thus, anodic coupling of sodium azide with ethyl 4,4-dinitrobutyrate produced ethyl 4-azido-4,4-dinitrobutyrate. Similarly, 4-azido-4,4-dinitrobutyl acetate was prepared from 4,4-dinitrobutyl acetate and converted by way of the corresponding alcohol to the nitrate ester, 4-azido-4,4-dinitrobutyl nitrate.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19900150108
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