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  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (312)
  • Physics
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (312)
  • 1990-1994  (312)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimum ph and temperature conditions for xylose fermentation by Pichia stipitis (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 35 (1990), S. 727-731 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Pichia stipitis NRRL Y-7124 is a xylose-fermenting yeast able to accumulate ca. 57 g/L ethanol. Because optimum process conditions are important, data were collected to determine the effects of temperature and pH on growth and fermentation rates and product accumulations. Temperatures (26-35°C) providing optimum biomass and ethanol productivities did not necessarily provide maximum ethanol accumulation. Xylitol and residual xylose concentrations increased with temperature. Maximum ethanol selectivity was achieved at 25-26°C with minimal sacrifice to production rates. The temperature optimum for xylose could not be generalized to glucose fermentations, in which ethanol productivity and accumulation were optimum at 34°C. The optimum pH range for growth and fermentation on xylose was 4-7 at 25°C.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260350710
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth, death, and oxygen uptake kinetics of Pichia stipitis on xylose (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 37 (1991), S. 973-980 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Pichia stipitis NRRL Y-7124 has potential application in the fermentation of xylose-rich waste streams, produced by wood hydrolysis. Kinetic models of cell growth, death, and oxygen uptake were investigated in batch and oxygen-limited continuous cultures fed a rich synthetic medium. Variables included rates of dilution (D) and oxygen transfer (K1a) and concentrations of xylose (X), ethanol (E), and dissolved oxygen (Cox). Sustained cell growth required the presence of oxygen. Given excess xylose, specific growth rate (μ) was a Monod function of Cox. Specific oxygen uptake rate was proportional to μ by a yield coefficient relating biomass production to oxygen consumption; but oxygen uptake for maintenance was negligible. Thus steady-state COX depended only on D, while steady-state biomass concentration was controlled by both D and K1a. Given excess oxygen, cells grew subject to Monod limitation by xylose, which became inhibitory above 40 g/L. Ethanol inhibition was consistent with Luong's model, and 64. 3 g/L was the maximum ethanol concentration allowing growth. Actively growing cells died at a rate that was 20% of μ. The dying portion increased with E and X.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260371012
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of recombinant protein A from the lac promoter in Escherichia coli JM83 is not subject to catabolite repression when grown under specific conditions of continuous culture (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38 (1991), S. 1050-1058 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: catabolite repression ; protein A ; membrane proteins ; continuous culture ; protein expression ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Although widely used in experimental and industrial situations, genetically engineered plasmids containing the lac promoter from Escherichia coli are subject to catabolite repression when grown in glucose-containing media. Several methods of overcoming this problem have been investigated by studying the expression of the protein A gene from Staphylococcus aureus under the control of the Escherichia coli lac promoter. When glycerol is used as a sole carbon source, the plasmid is unstable and is rapidly lost from the culture. When the bacteria are grown in chemostats under glucose limitation, the plasmid is maintained, even at high dilution rates, and the expression of protein A is similar to that observed when glycerol was used. The balance between metabolic load and protein A expression seems to be maintained by reducing the gene dose to a tolerable level. Depending on the metabolic conditions prevailing in the culture, this is achieved, either by reducing the copy number of the plasmid or in extreme cases by removing the plasmid altogether.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260380914
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extraction of rIL-2 inclusion bodies from Escherichia coli using cross-flow filtration (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 43 (1994), S. 969-977 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: cross-flow membrane filtration ; inclusion bodies ; Escherichia coli ; extraction, rIL-2 ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A cross-flow membrane filtration process was developed for the recovery of rIL-2 inclusion bodies from homogenized Escherichia coli. The membrane extraction process was comprised of a two-step diafiltration followed by an extraction with 7 M GuHCl and a 40-fold dilution of the solubilized inclusion bodies into 0.01 M Tris-HCl, 0.035 M NaCl, pH 7.9. The first diafiltration was with a 0.03 M Tris-HCl, 5 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), pH 8, followed by a diafiltration with 1.75 M GuHCl. All of the insoluble rIL-2 was retained behind the membrane, whereas a GuHCl wash solubilized approximately 15% of the rIL-2. The membrane process increased the yield of rIL-2 in the diluted extract by threefold as compared to a similar centrifuge process with a significant increase in purity as determined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260431010
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Current awareness - recent symposia and seminars (1992)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 7 (1992), S. 215-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170070308
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioluminescent determination of 0.1 picomole amounts of guanine nucleotides (1994)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 9 (1994), S. 251-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Firefly luciferase ; guanylate kinase ; GTP ; guanylate energy charge ; GDP ; GMP ; adenylate kinase ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A bioluminescence procedure for the determination of the guanylates has been optimized to allow measurement of 0.1 pmol amounts. Modifications of the Karl procedure include the use of purified firefly luciferase and nucleoside diphosphate kinase instead of a crude extract of firefly tails, the use of Tricine buffer instead of the inhibitory arsenate buffer, and optimization of the amounts of reagents and incubation times for each of the partial reactions. In the determination of GMP, background values varied widely with different lots of bovine guanylate kinase. Careful selection of a suitable lot of bovine brain guanylates. This establishes that selection of guanylate kinase must be based on experimental determination and not reported adenylate kinase activity. The wide variation in background was not eliminated by the inclusion of adenylate kinase inhibitors.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170090403
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of continued exposition to ethanol on activity of the ammonium and fructose transport systems in Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 37 (1991), S. 389-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Ethanol and cycloheximide inhibited the function of the ammonium transport system in growing cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus measured as methylamine uptake. The effect was reversible with ethanol and irreversible with the antibiotic. The kinetic data are consistent with a reduction of the number of active carrier molecules located in the plasma membrane. In contrast, neither ethanol nor cycloheximide affected the specific rate of fructose uptake.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260370415
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cellulose-binding domain (CBDCex) of an exoglucanase from Cellulomonas fimi: Production in Escherichia coli and characterization of the polypeptide (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 42 (1993), S. 401-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: cellulose-binding domain ; cellulase ; cellulose ; adsorption ; affinity chromatography ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The gene fragment encoding the cellulose-binding domain (CBD) of an exoglucanase (Cex) from Cellulomonas fimi was subcloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Transcription from the lac promoter coupled with translation from a consensus prokaryotic ribosome binding site led to the production of large quantities of CBDCex (up to 25% total soluble cell protein). The polypeptide leaked into the culture supernatant (up to 50 mg · L-1), facilitating one-step purification by affinity chromatography on cellulose. The 11-kDa polypeptide reacted with Cex antiserum. Absence of free thiols indicated that the two Cys residues of CBDCex form a disulfide bridge. It had the same N-terminal amino acid sequence as CBDCex prepared from Cex by proteolysis, plus two additional N-terminal amino acid residues (Ala and Ser) encoded by the Nhel site introduced during plasmid construction. CBDCex bound to a variety of β-1, 4-glycans with different affinities and saturation levels. Adsorption to bacterial microcrystalline cellulose was dependent on the temperature, but not on the pH. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260420402
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of glucose starvation to limit growth and induce protein production in Escherichia coli (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 40 (1992), S. 271-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: carbon starvation ; Escherichia coli ; growth control ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The use of glucose starvation to uncouple the production of recombinant β-galactosidase from cell growth in Escherichia coli was investigated. A lacZ operon fusion to the carbon starvation-inducible cst-1 locus was used to control β-galactosidase synthesis. β-Galactosidase induction was observed only under aerobic starvation conditions, and its expression continued for 6 h following the onset of glucose starvation. The cessation of β-galactosidase expression closely correlated with the exhaustion of acetate, an overflow metabolite of glucose, from the culture medium. Our results suggest the primary role of acetate in cst-1-controlled protein expression is that of an energy source. Using this information, we metered acetate to a glucose-starved culture and produced a metabolically sluggish state, where growth was limited to a low linear rate and production of recombiant β-galactosidase occurred continuously throughout the experiment. The cst-1 controlled β-galactosidase synthesis was also induced at low dilution rates in a glucose-limited chemostat, suggesting possible applications to high-density cell systems such as glucose-limited recycle reactors. This work demonstrates that by using an appropriate promoter system and nutrient limitation, growth can be restrained while recombinant protein production is induced and maintained.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260400211
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-line monitoring of monoclonal antibodies in animal cell culture using a grating coupler (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 42 (1993), S. 1287-1292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: integrated optics ; grating coupler ; FIA ; on-line monitoring ; animal cell culture ; monoclonal antibody ; immunochemical sensor ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A grating coupler was used for the on-line determination of monoclonal antibodies produced in perfused animal cell bioreactor. The device was connected with the culture vessel via a flow-injection analysis (FIA) system, which was controlled automatically. Specific antimouse lgG antibodies were immobilized on the surface of the sensor-chip. After injection of the sample, the binding of mouse lgG was observed in real time. The regeneration of the binding sites of the immobilized antibodies using an acidic solution allowed the on-line detection of produced monoclonal antibodies in the range of 10 to 150 μg/mL. In contrast to other techniques coupled to bioprocesses, the developed method represents a regenerable direct immunosensor. Results were compared with standard ELISA techniques (off-line) and a competitive immunochemical assay using the grating coupler (off-line). © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260421105
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