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  • Springer  (44)
  • 1990-1994  (44)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of the ticksAmblyomma hebraeum andA. variegatum to known or potential components of the aggregation-attachment pheromone. III. Aggregation (1992)
    Springer
    Experimental and applied acarology 16 (1992), S. 237-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ten known or potential components of the aggregation-attachment pheromone (AAP) of the ticksAmblyomma hebraeum andA. variegatum, as well as mixtures of these components, extracts of prefed males and live prefed males, were tested as aggregation stimulants. In field assays, laboratory-reared unfed male and female ticks were released 20 cm downwind of CO2/pheromone release sites; the numbers of ticks that aggregated at the release sites were recorded after 30 min. InA. variegatum, aggregation was induced by methyl salicylate,o-nitrophenol, 2,6-dichlorophenol, phenylacetaldehyde and some mixtures containing these compounds; a strong aggregation response was induced by an extract of five prefed malesA. variegatum and a weak response was induced by an extract of 50 prefed males ofA. hebraeum. InA. hebraeum, aggregation was induced by phenylacetaldehyde, mixtures of compounds that included phenylacetaldehyde, extracts of 50 prefed males ofA. hebraeum orA. variegatum and 50 live prefed males ofA. hebraeum. InA. variegatum, aggregation was inhibited if compounds that do not occur naturally in the AAP of the species were included in mixtures. InA. hebraeum, phenylacetaldehyde appeared to act as an arrestant for ticks that had been attracted to release sites by other compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01193806
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of the ticksAmblyomma hebraeum andA. variegatum to known or potential components of the aggregation-attachment pheromone. IV. Attachment stimulation of nymphs (1992)
    Springer
    Experimental and applied acarology 16 (1992), S. 247-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ten known or potential components of the aggregation-attachment pheromone (AAP) of the ticksAmblyomma hebraeum andA. variegatum, as well as a mixture of these components and extracts of prefed males of the two species, were tested as attachment stimulants for nymphs. Unfed nymphs were confined in linen bags on the ears of rabbits that had been treated with the test compounds, mixture or extracts; the numbers attached were recorded after 24 h. InA. hebraeum, attachment was induced by four compounds (2-methyl propanoic acid, methyl salicylate,o-nitrophenol and salicylaldehyde), the mixture and extracts from both species. InA. variegatum, attachment was induced by three compounds (methyl salicylate,o-nitrophenol and salicylaldehyde), the mixture and extracts from both species. Methyl salicylate ando-nitrophenol are primary components of the AAP of bothA. hebraeum andA. variegatum. 2-methyl propanoic acid is a species-specific attachment stimulant forA. hebraeum. Salicylaldehyde, a phenolic compound, is not a naturally occurring AAP component. Nymphs of both species respond to fewer attachment stimulants than the adults and, as shown by their respective host ranges, are less dependent on the AAP in the regulation of attachment than the adults.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01193807
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book review (1994)
    Springer
    Foundations of physics 24 (1994), S. 447-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9516
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02058107
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxalate production by Basidiomycetes, including the white-rot species Coriolus versicolor and Phanerochaete chrysosporium (1993)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 39 (1993), S. 5-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Oxalate was found to accumulate in liquid culture media from the growth of the white-rot basidiomycetes Coriolus versicolor, Heterobasidion annosum, Pleurotus florida and Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Whereas little oxalate accumulated during active growth, millimolar concentrations of oxalate were detected in culture media during the stationary phase. The basidiomycete Agaricus bisporus, the cultivated mushroom, also accumulated oxalate in its culture medium in the stationary phase. In comparison, the brown-rot fungi Amyloporia xantha, Coniophora marmorata, C. puteana and Poria vaporaria accumulated oxalate in the primary metabolic phase and throughout growth up to 35 days. Oxalate accumulation (0.04–10.0 mm) in white-rot cultures did not lower the pH of the medium during growth, whereas in brown-rot cultures oxalate (2.0–20.0 mm) reduced the media pH during growth. Cultures of Agaricus bisporus, C. puteana and Coriolus versicolor grown on solid media containing high levels of calcium (50 or 100 mm calcium chloride) produced calcium oxalate crystals to varying extents on the surface of the hyphae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00166839
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ectoparasitism and the role of green nesting material in the European starling (1991)
    Springer
    Oecologia 88 (1991), S. 22-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Sturnus vulgaris ; Green nesting material ; Nest protection hypothesis ; Ectoparasitism ; Postfledging survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The use of green nesting material is widespred among birds. Recent evidence suggests that birds use secondary chemicals contained in green plants to control ectoparasites. We manipulated green nesting material and ectoparasites of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) to test two hypotheses: (1) ectoparasites adversely affect prefledging survival and morphometrics or postfledging survival, and (2) green nesting material ameliorates the effects of ectoparasites. We recorded fat score, numbers of scabs, tarsal length, body mass, and hematocrit level on each nestling 17 days after hatching. We also fitted each nestling with unique patagial tags and resighted the starlings for 6–8 weeks after fledging to estimate survival and sighting rates. Nests devoid of green nesting material and dusted with the insecticide, carbaryl, had fewer high ectoparasite infestations, and nestlings had significantly lower scab scores, and significantly higher body masses than nestlings in undusted boxes. However, there was no difference in postfledging survival between birds from carbaryl-treated and undusted nests. There also was no difference in prefledging survival and morphometrics or postfledging survival between nestlings from boxes with and without green nesting material. These results do not support the hypothesis that starlings use green nesting material to control nest ectoparasites. We suggest an alternative hypothesis; green nesting material is used for mate selection or pairbonding in the starling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00328399
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Settlement behavior of Chthamalus anisopoma larvae largely determines the adult distribution (1991)
    Springer
    Oecologia 85 (1991), S. 349-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Chthamalus anisopoma ; Distribution ; Settlement ; Recruitment ; Gulf of California
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In the northern Gulf of California the adult distribution of the intertidal barnacle species, Chthamalus anisopoma, on exposed shores is approximately between 0.0 and 2.0 m above mean low water (MLW). The species is typically absent in protected (from wave splash) areas. In this study, I examined a series of alternative hypotheses relating to the factors that could be responsible for limiting the distribution. Post-settlement factors appear to be unimportant because settlement was largely restricted to areas within the adult distribution. Two processes could account for the high correlation between settlement and adult distributions. First, hydrodynamic factors could restrict deposition of larvae to sites that coincidently were in areas in which individuals could survive to maturity. Second, larvae may choose to settle only on sites where they can survive to maturity. Of the two, the later was supported as settlement could be induced on surfaces outside the adult distribution using transplanted adult conspecifics as cues. Thus, competent larvae were present outside the adult distribution of Chthamalus zone but did not settle under normal conditions. Also, there was no evidence that pre-emption of space by other sessile species, by itself, restricted the distribution of Chthamalus. Settlement within the existing adult distribution may be an evolutionary response to increased mortality for individuals settling outside the adult distribution compared to those settling within it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00320610
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extra-pair paternity in tree swallows: why do females mate with more than one male? (1994)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 35 (1994), S. 273-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Key words Extra-pair fertilization ; Mating systems ; Female mate choice ; DNA fingerprinting ; Tachycineta bicolor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Recent studies of monogamous tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) suggest that females may receive some type of genetic benefit from extra-pair fertilizations. In this study we attempted to determine what type of genetic benefits might be gained by females. We compared numerous morphological and behavioral traits (Table 1) of every male nesting on one grid of nest-boxes (n = 23) to determine what male traits were correlated with male success at gaining extra-pair fertilizations. DNA fingerprinting revealed an increase in the level of extra-pair paternity from the previous year (50% of broods contained extra-pair young in 1990 vs. 87% of broods in 1991), but no significant correlates of paternity. We found six extra-pair fathers at seven nests (20 nests had extra-pair young). The traits of these extra-pair males did not differ from those of the males they cuckolded. We discuss several reasons for this lack of difference, but argue that our results are not inconsistent with females choosing extra-pair males to enhance the genotypic quality of their offspring. Despite a complete search of the nest-box grid for extra-pair fathers, we were able to explain the paternity of just 21% (13/63) of all extra-pair young. This suggests that extra-pair fathers were either residents off our study grid or non-territorial floaters. Tree swallows are quite mobile and spend only part of the day at their nest prior to laying. In addition, we rarely see swallows visiting other grids of nest-boxes. Therefore, we suggest that most extra-pair copulations occur at some unknown location, possibly at a feeding or roosting area where females may be able to choose from many more potential extra-pair fathers than at their nest-site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650050098
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extra-pair paternity in tree swallows: why do females mate with more than one male? (1994)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 35 (1994), S. 273-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Extra-pair fertilization ; Mating systems Female mate choice ; DNA fingerprinting Tachycineta bicolor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Recent studies of monogamous tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) suggest that females may receive some type of genetic benefit from extra-pair fertilizations. In this study we attempted to determine what type of genetic benefits might be gained by females. We compared numerous morphological and behavioral traits (Table 1) of every male nesting on one grid of nest-boxes (n = 23) to determine what male traits were correlated with male success at gaining extra-pair fertilizations. DNA fingerprinting revealed an increase in the level of extra-pair paternity from the previous year (50% of broods contained extra-pair young in 1990 vs. 87% of broods in 1991), but no significant correlates of paternity. We found six extra-pair fathers at seven nests (20 nests had extra-pair young). The traits of these extra-pair males did not differ from those of the males they cuckolded. We discuss several reasons for this lack of difference, but argue that our results are not inconsistent with females choosing extra-pair males to enhance the genotypic quality of their offspring. Despite a complete search of the nest-box grid for extra-pair fathers, we were able to explain the paternity of just 21% (13/63) of all extra-pair young. This suggests that extra-pair fathers were either residents off our study grid or non-territorial floaters. Tree swallows are quite mobile and spend only part of the day at their nest prior to laying. In addition, we rarely see swallows visiting other grids of nest-boxes. Therefore, we suggest that most extra-pair copulations occur at some unknown location, possibly at a feeding or roosting area where females may be able to choose from many more potential extra-pair fathers than at their nest-site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170708
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ kinetic measurements ofd-amino acid oxidase in rat liver with respect to its substrate specificity (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 25 (1993), S. 578-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary d-Amino acid oxidase activity was demonstrated in peroxisomes of rat liver using unfixed cryostat sections and a histochemical technique using cerium ions as capture reagent for hydrogen peroxide and diaminobenzidine, cobalt ions and exogenous hydrogen peroxide to visualize the final reaction product for light microscopical analysis. Cytophotometric analysis of liver sections revealed similar zero-order reaction velocities ofd-amino acid oxidase with activity twice as high in periportal areas as in pericentral areas of liver lobuli when using eitherd-proline ord,l-thiazolidine-2-carboxylic acid as substrates. On the other hand, a 4–5 times higher K M value was found ford-proline than ford,l-thiazolidine-2-carboxylic acid. The K M values in periportal and pericentral areas were similar for each substrate. These findings support the suggestion that the physiological substrate ford-amino acid oxidase may bed,l-thiazolidine-2-carboxylic acid, the adduct of cysteamine and glyoxylic acid.d-Amino acid oxidase may play a rolein vivo in the production of oxalate which may participate in metabolic control processes as an intracellular messenger molecule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02388066
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ kinetic measurements of d-amino acid oxidase in rat liver with respect to its substrate specificity (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 25 (1993), S. 578-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary d-Amino acid oxidase activity was demonstrated in peroxisomes of rat liver using unfixed cryostat sections and a histochemical technique using cerium ions as capture reagent for hydrogen peroxide and diaminobenzidine, cobalt ions and exogenous hydrogen peroxide to visualize the final reaction product for light microscopical analysis. Cytophotometric analysis of liver sections revealed similar zero-order reaction velocities of d-amino acid oxidase with activity twice as high in periportal areas as in pericentral areas of liver lobuli when using either d-proline or d,l-thiazolidine-2-carboxylic acid as substrates. On the other hand, a 4–5 times higher K M value was found for d-proline than for d,l-thiazolidine-2-carboxylic acid. The K M values in periportal and pericentral areas were similar for each substrate. These findings support the suggestion that the physiological substrate for d-amino acid oxidase may be d,l-thiazolidine-2-carboxylic acid, the adduct of cysteamine and glyoxylic acid. d-Amino acid oxidase may play a role in vivo in the production of oxalate which may participate in metabolic control processes as an intracellular messenger molecule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00173056
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