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  • Articles  (101)
  • Springer  (101)
  • 1990-1994  (101)
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  • Articles  (101)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of procedures to estimate biomass on surface coal mine lands reclaimed under the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (1994)
    Springer
    Environmental management 18 (1994), S. 307-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Evaluation ; Procedures ; Estimate ; Biomass ; Surface coal mines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Current surface mine regulations as ascribed under the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 require that mine lands be returned to the approximate original contours (AOC) with an area coverage of at least 70% and to biological productivity equal to or greater than that which existed prior to mining. Six different procedures were evaluated on nine mine sites in northwestern Pennsylvania as to their suitability to estimate aboveground biomass on mines reclaimed as hayland and pastures. Biomass estimates determined by different procedures were compared to those obtained by random clip plots and with landowner estimates of the annual yield from each site. Biomass estimates determined from a disk meter and landowner interviews varied approximately ±10% from those obtained from random clip plots compared to a variation of ±8%–37% for the other procedures. The number of samples required to obtain reliable estimates within ±10% of the mean at 95% confidence intervals varied among the different sampling procedures according to the variance in biomass on the site. Although all procedures may be used either singly or in combination to estimate above ground biomass on reclaimed mine lands, the combination of the disk meter, profile board, and vegetation height is recommended because of their ease of measurement compared to the other procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02393771
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  • 2
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    Evaluation of procedures to estimate biomass on surface coal mine lands reclaimed under the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (1994)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0364-152X
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1009
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of NO by CO on PdO-MoO3/γ-Al2O3 of low molybdena loading (1992)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 16 (1992), S. 311-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: Reduction of NO ; PdO catalysts ; MoO3 catalysts ; bimetallic catalysts ; PdO-MoO3 ; catalysts ; automotive catalysts ; automotive pollution control ; NO x
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The catalytic activity for the reduction of NO by CO of five PdO-MoO3/γ-Al2O3 catalysts is compared in the presence of varying amounts of oxygen at reaction temperatures from 25 to 550 °C. The samples were prepared by different methods and contain about 2% of Mo and 2% Pd. Results are compared with the activities and selectivities of PdO/ γ-A12O3 and PdO-MoO3/γ-Al2O3 containing 2% Pd and 2% Pd + 20% Mo, respectively. All catalysts showed appreciable activity at temperatures between 300 and 550 °C and at stoichiometric ratios,R, of the oxidizing to reducing gases of 0.1 〈R 〈 1.1. The activity of three PdO-MoO3/ γ-A12O3 catalysts with low concentrations of Mo and Pd was found to be significantly higher than the activity of PdO/γ-Al2O3 at 1.1 〈R 〈 1.3 and at temperatures between 300 and 500 °C. The improved activity is ascribed to the interaction of the active metals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00764343
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of NO by H2 and CO on PdO-MoO3/γ-Al2O3 of low molybdena loading (1993)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 22 (1993), S. 147-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: NO reduction catalysis ; NO reduction by H2 and CO
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The activity and selectivity in the catalytic reduction of NO by a mixture of CO and H2 of three PdO-MoO3/γ-Al2O3 catalysts are compared in the presence of varying amounts of oxygen at reaction temperatures from 100 to 550°C. The catalysts were prepared by different methods and contain about 2% Mo and 2% Pd. Results are compared with those for PdO/γ-Al2O3, PdO-MoO3/γ-Al2O3 containing 2% Pd and 20% Mo, and a commercial Pt-Rh catalyst. The PdO-MoO3/γ-Al2O3 catalysts are more active for the selective reduction of NO to N2 and N2O than PdO/γ-Al2O3 under slightly oxidizing conditions at temperatures from 300 to 550°C. At these reaction conditions, the fresh PdO-MoO3/γ-Al2O3 catalysts are comparable with a commercial Pt-Rh catalyst. The improved activity of PdO-MoO3/γ-Al2O3 relative to PdO/γ-Al2O3 is believed to be due to the interaction between Pd and Mo. The effect of O2 on the activity and selectivity of these catalysts is different in the reduction of NO by H2, by CO, and by a mixture of H2 and CO. The results using the mixture of reductants cannot be inferred from the results with the single reductants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00810361
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decomposition of nitric oxide and its reduction by CO over superconducting and related cuprate catalysts (1991)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 11 (1991), S. 327-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: NO reduction ; NO decomposition ; reduction of NO by CO ; cuprate catalysts ; superconducting catalysts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Catalytic activities of five non-conducting and three superconducting cuprates were measured for the decomposition of NO and the reduction of NO by CO. The concentration of the reactants and the space velocities approximate the conditions of automotive catalysts. In contrast to earlier results, obtained at 20 to 30 times higher partial pressures of NO and 20 to 100 times lower space velocities, none of the catalysts, including five perovskite-like cuprates, showed significant activity for the decomposition of NO at reaction temperatures up to 700 °C. All catalysts were fairly active for the reduction of NO. At temperatures above about 400 °C on the perovskite-like cuprates YBa2Cu3O7-x and Ba2CuO3.5-x , the rates for NO reduction were higher than on CuO. All catalysts lost activity for NO reduction in the presence of oxygen (oxidizing conditions).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00764324
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The almost split sequence starting with a simple module (1994)
    Springer
    Archiv der Mathematik 62 (1994), S. 203-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-8938
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01261359
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of carbon monoxide over barium cuprate catalysts (1990)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 6 (1990), S. 349-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: Carbon monoxide oxidation ; cuprate catalysts ; barium cuprates ; CuO ; superconductors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Catalytic activities of BaCuO2, Ba2Cu3O5 and CuO for CO oxidation were investigated. At 250 ° C, BaCuO2 was found to be about 7 times more active than CuO, while Ba2Cu3O5 was found to be only slightly more active than CuO. This result also demonstrates that expensive rare earth elements such as La and Y are not necessary for a cuprate to have good activity for CO oxidation. After sintering at 940 ° C in air, the conversion substantially decreased for CuO. At steady state, both barium cuprates exhibited higher activity than in the fresh state. Based on the absence of significant changes in the XRD spectra, the change in catalytic activity is attributed to changes at the surface and possibly slight reduction of Cu2+. Reaction orders of CO were found to be 1.2 and 0.3, and reaction orders of O2 were found to be 0 and 0.3 for BaCuO2 and Ba2Cu3O5, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00764002
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of NO by H2 on PdO-MoO3/γ-Al2O3 of low molybdena loading (1993)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 18 (1993), S. 289-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: Reduction of NO ; NO x ; PdO-MoO3 catalysts ; pollution abatement ; automotive catalysts ; mixed metal catalysts ; MoO3 catalysts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The catalytic activity and selectivity of three PdO-MoO3/γ-Al2O3 catalysts containing about 2% Pd and 2% Mo were studied for the reduction of NO by h2 in the presence of varying amounts of oxygen at temperatures from 50 to 550 °C. The results are compared with those for PdO/γ-Al2O3, PdO-MoO3/γ-Al2O3 containing 2% Pd and 20% Mo, and a commercial Pt-Rh catalyst. In the absence of oxygen, the conversion of NO to N2 and N2O is higher on the three catalysts than it is on PdO/γ-Al2O3 at 500 and 550 °C. In the presence of oxygen, the yields of N2 and N2O are generally lower on two of the PdO-MoO3/γ-Al2O3 catalysts than on PdO/γ-Al2O3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00769449
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Different frames of reference for position and motion (1994)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 81 (1994), S. 30-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01138558
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Different Frames of Reference for Position and Motion (1994)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 81 (1994), S. 30-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01138558
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