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  • Articles  (26)
  • Springer  (26)
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering  (26)
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  • Articles  (26)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxicity of metabolites fromRhizopus Spp. (1982)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 28 (1982), S. 637-639 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01605598
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mycoassay of fluorescent fractions from seven essential oils (1987)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 39 (1987), S. 688-695 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01698463
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxicity of essential oils on toxigenic and nontoxigenic fungi (1986)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 36 (1986), S. 527-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623547
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field evaluation of triclopyr ester toxicity to fish (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 28 (1995), S. 18-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two field experiments were conducted to assess the predictions of laboratory time-toxicity tests regarding lethal effects of triclopyr butoxyethyl ester (TBEE) on fish in standing and flowing water bodies. Large lake enclosures were treated with TBEE by backpack sprayer at concentrations of 0.25–7.6 mg/L, expressed as acid equivalents. Median dissipation times for TBEE in lake water ranged from 4–8 d.Effects of the treatments on survival and growth of caged rainbow trout were measured. All trout died by 3 d at initial concentrations of 0.69–7.6 mg/L. There was 43% mortality of rainbow trout in the enclosure treated at 0.45 mg/L, and no mortality in the 0.25 mg/L enclosure or the controls. The treatments at the two lower concentrations had significant adverse effects on the growth rates of surviving trout. TBEE was applied to sections of a forest headwater stream at nominal concentrations of 0.8 mg/L and 2.7 mg/L. These concentrations represent maximum-expected environmental concentrations in 50- and 15-cm deep bodies of water, respectively, when directly oversprayed at an application rate of 3.84 kg/ha. Concentrations of TBEE were rapidly dissipated (as much as 70% decline within 55 m) and exposure periods at concentrations above 0.1 mg/L varied from 25 min in the low-concentration area to 55 min in the high-concentration area. The applications of TBEE at both initial test concentrations did not result in any mortality of resident brook trout. There were no significant effects of the herbicide treatments on the growth of 1+ and 2+ brook trout, but there were indications that the growth of 0+ trout was reduced as a result of exposure to TBEE in the stream. These results were in general agreement with the predictions of laboratory time-toxicity tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213964
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mercury concentrations in seabirds from colonies in the northeast Atlantic (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 23 (1992), S. 383-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Total mercury concentrations were determined in samples of body feathers from a range of common seabird species breeding at L»trabjarg, northwest Iceland, St. Kilda, Foula and the Firth of Forth, Scotland and Bleiksøy, Syltefjord, and Hornøy, Norway. Seabirds from L»trabjarg generally exhibited the highest mercury concentrations, with a trend of decreasing mercury concentrations in a southwest to northeast direction in seabirds at the other colonies; seabirds at Hornøy were generally found to have the lowest mercury concentrations. Some species at the Firth of Forth exhibited relatively elevated mercury concentrations compared to those at Foula and Norwegian sites. Inter-colony differences in diet were thought to be relatively small for most species and unlikely to account for the range of mercury concentrations measured in the seabirds (L»trabjarg: lowest arithmetic mean mercury concentration in common guillemots Uria aalge, 1.6 μg/g, s.d.=0.6, n=45; highest arithmetic mean mercury concentration in kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla, 5.5 μg/g, s.d.=1.7, n=36). The oceanic transport of mercury, together with the effects of anthropogenic inputs of mercury to the northeast Atlantic, and the removal of mercury from the water column via biological activity are discussed as influential factors determining the observed patterns of mercury concentration in seabirds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216249
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of metal accumulation in the grasshopperChorthippus brunneus in contaminated grasslands (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 16 (1987), S. 711-716 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Copper and cadmium concentrations were monitored in a population of the grasshopperChorthippus brunneus in grasslands in and around a copper refinery. Total body copper and cadmium concentrations increased with site contamination levels from control to highly contaminated refinery site environments. Refinery site grasshoppers accumulated both metals throughout the summer and autumn reaching a peak concentration of 1,600 μg/g for copper. The seasonal pattern of accumulation of copper and cadmium closely followed seasonal trends in metal contamination levels in the indigenous vegetation, particularlyAgrostis stolonifera. Copper accumulated progressively through the developmental instars ofC. brunneus. However, there was evidence of copper exclusion during the final moult. This may be linked to copper compartmentalization in the integument of the later instars. Metals were not evenly distributed within the grasshopper body; 85% of total body copper and cadmium is associated with the integument.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01055421
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal variation in heavy metal levels in tissues of common guillemots, Uria aalge from Northwest Scotland (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 27 (1994), S. 168-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mercury, cadmium, zinc, and copper concentrations were analyzed in three samples of common guillemot (in April, June, and November). Levels measured were uniformly low, and not enough to have any toxic effects. Adult guillemots had significantly more cadmium in their livers and kidneys than juveniles, with juvenile levels ranging from 25% to 89% of adult levels. Mercury concentrations in liver and kidney were also higher in adults. Juvenile levels represented from 80% to 94% of adults, but there were no age differences in feather and muscle mercury. Mercury levels declined throughout the year in internal tissues from April through June to November. There was a strong seasonal fluctuation in cadmium levels in liver and kidney, rising significantly between April and June and declining again from June to November. These changes were apparent in both adult and juvenile birds. The influences of seasonal processes (namely breeding and moult) and seasonal dietary differences as causative factors in the changes in metal burdens are discussed. These findings have implications for the use of seabirds as monitors of heavy metals in the marine environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214259
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specific Contributions of Politics, Economics, and Toxicology in Setting Socially Consensual Limit Values (1997)
    Springer
    Environmental management 21 (1997), S. 505 -515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: KEY WORDS: Legal limit values; Benefit threshold; Social acceptance; Social tolerability; Adverse effect threshold; Avoidable exposure; Tolerance threshold; Environmental hygiene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002679900046
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The validation of a method for determining the migration of trace elements from food packaging materials into food (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 217 (1997), S. 147-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A new radiotracer method has been developed to measure the migration of trace elements from food contact packaging into four standard food simulants; acetic acid, ethanol, olive oil, deionised water. A sample of material is irradiated in a thermal neutron flux of 1016n·m−2·s−1 to activate the trace elements and produce a range of radionuclides. The sample is then placed in the food simulant and the migration of the radionuclides is monitored by performing γ-ray spectrometry on a sample of the simulant. Any radionuclides measured must be due entirely to the migration of the elements present in the plastic, since the simulant itself is not radioactive. Preliminary studies have shown that detection limits of around 0.2μg·dm−2 (0.002 mg/kg) can be achieved for antimony in a sample of polyethylene terephthalate. This method can now been extended to measure migration into real foods. This will highlight any differences between the standard simulants currently used and real foods. Since the method only involves irradiation of the packaging material, any food matrix can be studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02055363
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The certification of a new paint reference material (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 233 (1998), S. 63-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The use of paint as a coating for toys intended for sale on the European market is controlled by a European Standard (EN 71-3: 1994-European Standard for the Safety of Toys, Part 3—Migration of Elements). This work is the result of a preliminary study organised by the European Commission to produce a new paint reference material which can be used to validate the test methods given in the European Standard. The migration of elements from painted panels and comminuted paint produced by the Laboratory of the Government Chemist, (U.K.) was studied. Several methods were used in this certification exercise and this work reports the recults of neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to determine the migration of As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Se and Sb into a simulated stomach environment. Replicate extracts obtained from paint samples gave a precision of within 10% for most elements by both analytical techniques for the paint panels and for the comminuted paint sample. This preliminary study has shown that the standard method can provide reproducible results for each of the paint materials studied and indicates that the study should be continued to produce a fully certified paint reference material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02389649
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