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  • competition  (2)
  • ethylene  (2)
  • IBA
  • Springer  (4)
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 1990-1994  (4)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (4)
  • Nature Publishing Group
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toward an Ideal Trainer (1994)
    Springer
    Machine learning 15 (1994), S. 251-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0885-6125
    Keywords: training ; competition ; game playing ; reliability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract This paper demonstrates how the nature of the opposition during training affects learning to play two-person, perfect information board games. It considers different kinds of competitive training, the impact of trainer error, appropriate metrics for post-training performance measurement, and the ways those metrics can be applied. The results suggest that teaching a program by leading it repeatedly through the same restricted paths, albeit high quality ones, is overly narrow preparation for the variations that appear in real-world experience. The results also demonstrate that variety introduced into training by random choice is unreliable preparation, and that a program that directs its own training may overlook important situations. The results argue for a broad variety of training experience with play at many levels. This variety may either be inherent in the game or introduced deliberately into the training. Lesson and practice training, a blend of expert guidance and knowledge-based, self-directed elaboration, is shown to be particularly effective for learning during competition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022637925775
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toward an ideal trainer (1994)
    Springer
    Machine learning 15 (1994), S. 251-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0885-6125
    Keywords: training ; competition ; game playing ; reliability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract This paper demonstrates how the nature of the opposition during training affects learning to play two-person, perfect information board games. It considers different kinds of competitive training, the impact of trainer error, appropriate metrics for post-training performance measurement, and the ways those metrics can be applied. The results suggest that teaching a program by leading it repeatedly through the same restricted paths, albeit high quality ones, is overly narrow preparation for the variations that appear in real-world experience. The results also demonstrate that variety introduced into training by random choice is unreliable preparation, and that a program that directs its own training may overlook important situations. The results argue for a broad variety of training experience with play at many levels. This variety may either be inherent in the game or introduced deliberately into the training. Lesson and practice training, a blend of expert guidance and knowledge-based, self-directed elaboration, is shown to be particularly effective for learning during competition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00993346
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indole-3-butyric acid in Arabidopsis thaliana (1993)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 13 (1993), S. 179-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana ; auxin conjugates ; ethylene ; indole-3-acetic acid ; indole-3-butyric acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was identified by HPLC and GC-MS as an endogenous compound in plantlets of the crucifer Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. A. thaliana was cultivated under sterile conditions as shaking culture in different liquid media with and without supply of hormones. Free and total IBA and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were determined at different stages of development during the culture period as well as in culture media of different initial pH values. The results showed that IAA was present in higher concentrations than IBA, but both hormones seemed to show the same behaviour under the different experimental conditions. Differences were found in the mode of conjugation of the two hormones. While IAA was mostly conjugated via amide bonds, the main IBA conjugates were ester bound. The ethylene concentration derived from the seedlings, when they were grown in flasks of different size, seemed not to influence the auxin content in the same cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024260
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of ethylene treatment on transport and metabolism of indole-3-butyric acid in citrus leaf midribs (1992)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 11 (1992), S. 357-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: Citrus ; conjugation ; ethylene ; IAA ; IBA ; polar transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Transport and metabolism of radiolabeled indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) were studied in midrib sections of Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) and compared to that of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Exogenous IBA was metabolized by the midribs to a polar compound, probably an ester conjugate. Ethylene pretreatment of the midribs reduced their capacity to metabolize IBA by ca. 70% as compared to air pretreatment. IBA transport capacity in the leaf midribs was ca. two times greater in the basipetal direction than the acropetal. The basipetal transport capacity of 3H-IBA was lower than that of 14C-IAA (ca. 24% and 39% of the uptake, respectively). While ethylene treatment reduced basipetal transport of IAA by ca. 70% it did not affect the transport of IBA. Most of the transported label was found as free IBA, but the reduction of IBA conjugation by ethylene treatment did not affect the transport capacity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00130642
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