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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (111)
  • Cell Press  (21)
  • 1990-1994  (132)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of Putative Intermediates on the Monensin Biosynthetic Pathway and Incorporation Experiments with the Monensin-Producing Organism (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 73 (1990), S. 239-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: As a direct test of the Cane-Westley hypothesis concerning the mode of assembly of ether rings in the polyether class of ionophore antibiotics, we describe experiments culminating in the synthesis of three putative intermediates on the monensin biosynthetic pathway and incorporation experiments with these materials and the monensin-producing organism Streptomyces cinnamonensis. The putative intermediates synthesised include the trienes [21-3H]-7 and [13-3H]-10, and the diene [9-3H]-11. The results of the incorporation experiments conducted with whole cell cultures suggest that [13-3H]-10 and [21-3H]-7 are unable to cross the intact cell membrane of S. cinnamonensis, whereas diene [9-3H]-11 can gain entry to the cellular interior, but is then degraded efficiently, most likely by a pathway closely related to β-oxidation, without being specifically incorporated into the antibiotic.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19900730203
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alkane hydroxylations (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 38 (1990), S. 665-678 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The INDO/1 semi-empirical method is used to analyze the hydroxylation of alkanes by models for the putative active species in cytochromes P-450. In the insertion of oxygen into the C—H bond by a M - O complex there are four atoms of particular interest, the metal and oxygen atoms of the oxidant plus the C and H atom of the C—H bond to be activated. With four atoms being studied (3N-6=), 6 degrees of freedom need to be described and a nearly intractable computational problem results. Thus, two reaction coordinates (CHI and OAT) were developed in an attempt to describe alkane hydroxylation in a chemically meaningful way. CHI (C—H insertion) is a measure of the extent to which the C—H bond has been activated and transferred to the O atom. OAT (oxygen atom transfer) is a measure of the extent to which the C—O bond in the alcohol product has formed. The models chosen for the present study are manganyl (MnO) and ferryl (FeO) porphyrin complexes. Experimental evidence for manganese prophyrin complexes shows that as the axial ligand is made a stronger donor the insertion of the O atom into the C—H bond becomes less concerted. The INDO/1 method was used to calculate the points on the PES determined by the changes in OAT and CHI. The results point to the axial ligand modifying the pathway by changing the relative electro-/nucleophilicity of the oxygen atom.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560382464
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exciton interactions in the spectrum of a dinaphthonorbornadiene (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 39 (1991), S. 345-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The near-ultraviolet spectrum of a dinaphthonorbornadiene is reported and is interpreted using simple exciton theory that treats this molecule as a dimer of naphthalene. It shows examples of weak, intermediate, and strong coupling for the interaction of the three observed bands of naphthalene.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560390312
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of the subdigital adhesive pads of Ptyodactylus guttatus (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 211 (1992), S. 243-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Subdigital adhesive pads play an important role in the locomotion of many species of gekkonid lizards. These pads consist of integrated components derived from the epidermis, dermis, vascular system, subcuticular tendons, and phalanges. These components become intimately associated with each other during the developmental differentiation of the digits and the sequence of this integration is outlined herein in Ptyodactylus guttatus. The pads initially appear as paired swellings at the distal tips of the digits. Subsequently, a fan-like array of naked scansors develops on the ventral surface of each digit, at about the same time that scales differentiate over the surface of the foot as a whole. At the time of appearance of the naked scansors, the vascular sinus system of the pad also differentiates, along with subcuticular connective tissue specializations. At this stage the digits, along with the rest of the body, are clad in an embryonic periderm. Only after hatching and as the periderm is shed, do the epidermal setae and spines appear. The developmental sequence described here is consistent with predictions previously advanced about the evolutionary origin and elaboration of subdigital pads in gekkonid lizards. The paucity of available staged embryonic material leaves many questions unresolved.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052110302
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Consistent values of rate parameters in free radical polymerization systems. II. Outstanding dilemmas and recommendations (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 851-863 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: polymerization ; kinetics ; free radical ; transfer ; photolysis ; propagation ; rate coefficients ; termination ; EPR ; copolymerization ; initiation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The problems of determining reliable, well-characterized values of kinetic parameters in free-radical polymerizations are discussed. The origins of the fact that experimental determinations of rate coefficients of ostensibly identical systems often result in quite different values being reported can be ascribed to subtle mechanistic assumptions made in data interpretation, which are considered in detail. A series of recommendations to assist in overcoming these problems, and to highlight their origins, are presented, with emphasis placed on new techniques including those employing laser photolysis and EPR.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080300516
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PMA and calcium ionophore induce myosin and F-actin rearrangement during histamine secretion from RBL-2H3 cells (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 29 (1994), S. 354-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: exocytosis ; rat tumor mast cells ; cytoskeleton ; A23187 ; stress fibres ; tubulin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells undergo morphological and cytoskeletal changes during antigen-induced secretion of allergic mediators. The exact role these changes play in the process of secretion is unclear. Using confocal microscopy we now show that PMA + A23187 causes extensive F-actin rearrangements during secretion of [3H] 5-HT. We also describe for the first time the association of myosin with F-actin during this secretory process. In unstimulated cells, myosin and F-actin are concentrated at the plasma membrane with no evidence of stress fibres. Upon addition of PMA or A23187, both F-actin and myosin are rearranged into membrane ruffles and discrete aggregations (foci), followed by the formation of parallel stress fibres located on the ventral membrane. This is in contrast to reports in other cell types in which PMA has been described as causing the disruption of F-actin stress fibres. The time course of secretion coincides with the formation of the foci and ruffles whilst the stress fibres form after the majority of secretion has occurred. These changes are accompanied by a 40% decrease in cell height and a two-fold increase in cell spreading and they occur in the absence of extracellular calcium but are inhibited by the protein kinase C inhibitor, Bisindolylmaleimide, which also inhibits secretion. The formation of myosin-decorated stress fibres, foci, and ruffles is not sufficient to cause secretion, as PMA alone induces these changes without any secretion. The relevance of actin and myosin rearrangements for the regulation of secretion is discussed. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970290408
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of reaction conditions on the grafting of 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate onto hydrocarbon substrates (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 1691-1702 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: grafting ; basic functionalization ; free radical polymerization ; methacrylate ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The grafting of 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) onto two model hydrocarbons, squalane and n-eicosane, and to linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) has been investigated. The results of the study indicate that a high reaction temperature, 160°C, and a low concentration of monomer, less than 0.3 M, are optimum conditions for the grafting reaction. Reaction products, which consisted of grafted hydrocarbons and poly(DMAEMA), were separated by solvent extraction and vacuum distillation; samples were then analyzed by NMR and FTIR spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography. 1H-NMR spectroscopy indicates that grafted squalane contained approximately 6 DMAEMA units per squalane residue. 1H- and 13C-NMR and molecular weight studies strongly suggest that the grafts onto the model hydrocarbons consist of single DMAEMA units. Results of the melt grafting of DMAEMA onto LLDPE show that the grafting efficiency and degree of grafting are substantially lower than were expected from the model system. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1994.080320911
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and experimental ionization energies of certain methoxy-substituted styrenes (1991)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 29 (1991), S. 933-936 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1991.080290622
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of the Michaelis-Menten and HCH-1 models (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 36 (1990), S. 1151-1154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260361110
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodegradation of pesticides in nonionic water-in-oil microemulsions of tween 85: Relationship between micelle structure and activity (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 43 (1994), S. 946-959 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: enzymes ; phosphotriesterase ; reversed micelles ; microemulsions ; nonionic surfactants ; organophosphorus hydrolase ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Water-in-oil microemulsion systems have been studied in recent years for a number of applications in protein separation and enzymology. Although it is well established that reversed micelle systems provide an excellent medium for nonaqueous biocatalytic studies, there is still much speculation as to the interaction of the enzyme with the surfactant interface. Polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate (Tween 85) is a nonionic surfactant which has some interesting properties for microemulsion formation and protein solubilization. In conjunction with a separate article describing the structural features of Tween 85 reversed micelles in hexane with isopropanol as a cosurfactant, this work describes the activity of an enzyme, organophosphorus hydrolase, for degrading organophosphorus pesticides in this microemulsion system. Ternary phase diagrams were constructed to outline the phase boundaries at different temperatures and isopropanol concentrations, which elucidate the role of the cosurfactant alcohol, as well as some features of micelle structure. Kinetic and stability studies with organophosphorus hydrolase show the effect of enzyme partitioning between the micelle surfactant layer and aqueous core. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260431008
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