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Constraints on prey size selection by the three-spined stickleback: energy requirements and the capacity and fullness of the gut (1992)

Hart, P. J. B. ; Gill, A. B.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Journal of fish biology 40 (1992), S. 0

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ISSN: 1095-8649

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: An experiment was designed to study how gut fullness and encounter with 5-mm Asellus aquaticus influenced acceptance or rejection of less profitable 8-mm Asellus. 45-mm sticklebacks were found to always accept 5-mm prey whereas 8-mm prey were accepted with an initial probability of about 0.9. This probability decreased as the gut filled. Fish of differing sizes and sex had similar daily energy intakes per unit body size, however the acceptance of 8-mm prey was related to fish size. Whenever a fish orientated to a prey it was followed by pursuit and manipulation independently of prey size. The decision to accept or reject prey occurred after one manipulation, a criterion that was more variable for the larger prey. For one feeding session per day the total energy intake was almost constant despite the changing combination of prey sizes eaten. The fish ate prey with long handling times if the energetic contents of the stomach had not reached 450 J. Calculations were made of how many of each millimetre prey size group would satisfy the 450 J demand and how long the estimated number would take to handle. This showed that the best option is to consume 5-mm prey if given the choice.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1992.tb02567.x

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Sample Size Formula in Work Measurement under a Fuzzy Environment (1994)

Gill, A. ; Bector, C.R. ; Hawaleshka, O.

Bingley : Emerald

International journal of operations & production management 14 (1994), S. 89-98

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ISSN: 0144-3577

Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Topics: Economics

Notes: The sample size formula is extensively used in work measurement.However, this formula, based on statistical techniques, demands thatparameters should be precisely assessed. In some situations, when thereis vagueness involved in the assessment of parameters, the resultsobtained using this formula could be erroneous. Redesigns this formulain a fuzzy environment where its parameters can be specifiedimprecisely. This gives "leeway" to the user in stating the parameters, inthe sense that parameters can be specified in a range. The strength offuzzy set theory lies in the possibility of quantifying and manipulatingqualitative statements, vagueness, lack of data, or subjectivity ofopinion.