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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geometrical expansions for the distributions of the score vector and the maximum likelihood estimator (1992)
    Springer
    Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics 44 (1992), S. 63-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9052
    Keywords: Geometrical expansions ; score vector ; maximum likelihood estimator ; observed and expected geometries
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In the present note, asymptotic expansions for conditional and unconditional distributions of the score vector are derived. Our aim is to consider these expansions in the light of differential geometry, particularly the theory of derivative strings. Expansions for the distributions of the maximum likelihood estimator are obtained from those for the score vector via transformation, with a view to interpreting from the standpoint of differential geometry the various terms entering the expansions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048670
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Finite-dimensional algebraic representations of the infinite phylon group (1992)
    Springer
    Acta applicandae mathematicae 28 (1992), S. 219-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: 53A55 ; 20G05 ; 58A20 ; Derivative string ; differential string ; D-matrix ; jets ; phyla ; phylon group
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The concept of phylon is introduced as a generalisation of derivative strings, differential strings and new tensors. The behaviour of phyla under change of coordinates is given by finite-dimensional algebraic representations of a very large group, the infinite phylon group. These representations are studied from both the general and the matrix points of view. Various examples of phyla are given, mainly from a statistical context. The basic structure of these representations is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00047088
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lower bounds of Cheeger-Osserman type for the first eigenvalue of then-dimensional fixed membrane problem (1990)
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik 41 (1990), S. 426-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9039
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Summary In this note we derive new lower bounds for the first eigenvalue of the Laplacian in a boundedn-dimensional domain with Dirichlet boundary conditions. The lower bounds obtained are related to those of Cheeger (1970) [2] and Osserman (1977) [6], and they turn out to be sharper when the domain is not too far from being a ball.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00959989
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of lead on pregnant women in metropolitan Mexico City (1993)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 50 (1993), S. 533-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00191242
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contaminants in fishes from Great Lakes-influenced sections and above dams of three Michigan rivers. I: Concentrations of organo chlorine insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxin equivalents, and mercury (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 27 (1994), S. 202-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fishes of the Great Lakes contain hazardous chemicals such as synthetic halogenated hydrocarbons and metals. These fish can move from the lakes into the Great Lakes tributaries of Michigan. In doing so, they transport concentrationsof contaminants which may represent a risk to wildlife. Concentrations of mercury (Hg), total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TCDD-EQ), total DDT complex, aldrin, endrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, lindane, hexachlorobenzene, cis-chlordane, oxychlordane, endosulfan-I, methoxychlor, trans-chlordane, and trans-nonachlor were determined in composite samples of fishes from above and below Michigan hydroelectric dams, which separate the fishes which have access to the Great Lakes from fishes that do not. Mean concentrations of total PCBs, TCDD-EQ, DDT, and most of the other pesticides were greater in composite samples of six species of fishes from below than above the dams on the Au Sable, Manistee, and Muskegon Rivers. Concentrations of mercury, were the same or greater above the dams than below. However, this difference was statistically significant only on the Au Sable. Mercury concentrations ranged from less than 0.05 mg/kg to 0.73 mg Hg/kg, ww. Total concentrations of PCBs ranged from 0.02 to 1.7 mg/kg, ww. Concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlordibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents varied among fishes and locations. The concentrations of TCDD-EQ ranged from 2.4 to 71 μg/kg, ww, with concentrations in carp being the greatest. Concentrations of TCDD-EQ were greater than the concentrations which would be expected to occur, due solely to the presence of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF), and technical mixtures of PCBs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214264
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal and geographical variation of organochlorine residues in birds from Northwest Mexico (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 21 (1991), S. 541-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Eight species of birds (129 individuals) were collected from three agricultural areas with long histories of pesticide use in northwestern Mexico. Plucked carcasses were analyzed for organochlorine (OC) pesticides and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs). DDE was found in all of the samples and at higher levels than other OCs. Mean (geometric) DDE concentrations varied from 0.04 (μg/g) ppm in mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) to 5.05 ppm in double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus). Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) was detected in 95% of the samples, but at lower levels than DDE. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) residues were detected more frequently in birds from Mexicali (62%, p 〈 0.05) than in those from Yaqui and Culiacan. HCH and HCB concentrations were significantly higher in birds from Mexicali during the winter than in the summer (p 〈 0.05), indicating accumulation of these compounds during that period. Other OCs such as DDT, DDD, dieldrin, oxychlordane, heptachlor epoxide, endosulfan, and endrin were found at lower levels and less frequently. PCBs (quantitated as Aroclor® 1260) were found mostly in cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) and cormorants at the three locations. Overall, concentrations of OCs were higher for Mexicali than for Yaqui and Culiacan (p 〈 0.01). In a few cases, DDE levels were above those that might adversely affect birds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01183876
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polychlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated insecticides in plasma of Caspian terns: Relationships with age, productivity, and colony site tenacity in the great lakes (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 24 (1993), S. 320-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chlorinated hydrocarbons such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorinated insecticides have often been detected in Great Lakes fish-eating birds at concentrations that are correlated with greater than expected embryo mortality and reduced reproductive success. Blood from 111 known-age, adult Caspian terns (Sterna caspia) nesting in several regions of the upper Great Lakes was collected in 1990 to examine bioavailability of PCBs, to compare concentrations of PCBs among nesting locations, and to determine relationships between concentrations of PCBs and age, productivity, and colony site tenacity. PCBs, DDE, dieldrin, and trans-nonachlor were detected in all the samples. Concentrations of PCBs were, on average, 10, 100, and 250 times greater than those of DDE, dieldrin, and trans-nonachlor, respectively. Concentrations of PCBs were not correlated with age, and were greater in Caspian terns from Saginaw and Green Bays than in Caspian terns from the North Channel and Georgian Bay. Concentrations of PCBs and DDE were significantly correlated with one-another and their accumulation patterns were the most similar among all the chemicals studied. Patterns of organochlorines as determined by cluster analysis were most similar for the nearest nesting locations. The bioaccumulation of PCBs in Great Lakes Caspian terns appeared to be seasonal and did not vary with adult age. A significant negative correlation was observed between mean concentrations of PCBs by region and percent terns returning to natal region. Those populations which were likely to be affected by PCBs were those nesting in Green Bay and Saginaw Bay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01128730
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contaminants in fishes from Great Lakes-influenced sections and above dams of three Michigan rivers. II: Implications for health of mink (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 27 (1994), S. 213-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Populations of mink (Mustela vison) have declined in many areas of the world. Such declines have been linked to exposures to synthetic, halogenated hydrocarbons. In the Great Lakes region, mink are fewer in areas along the shore of the Great Lakes and their tributaries where mink have access to fish from the Great Lakes. Recently, there has been discussion of the relative merits of passage of fishes around hydroelectric dams on rivers in Michigan. A hazard assessment was conducted to determine the potential for adverse effects on mink, which could consume such fishes from above or below dams on the rivers. Concentrations of organochlorine insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 2,3,7,8-tetrachloridibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TCDD-EQ), and total mercury were measured in composite samples of fishes from above or below hydroelectric dams on the Manistee and Muskegon Rivers, which flow into Lake Michigan, and the Au Sable River, which flows into Lake Huron. Concentrations of organochlorine insecticides, PCBs, and TCDD-EQ were all greater in fishes from below the dams than those from above. Concentrations of neither organochlorine insecticides nor mercury in fishes are currently a risk to mink above or below the dams. All of the species of fishes collected from downstream of the dams contained concentrations of PCBs and TCDD-EQ, which represent a hazard to mink. The hazard index for PCBs was less than one for the average of all species from the upstream reaches of the Manistee and Au Sable Rivers, but not the Muskegon. The hazard index (concentration in fish/NOAEC) was greater than 1 for all of the species collected from below the dams, in all three rivers. The greatest hazard index was observed for carp (Cyprinus carpio) downstream on the Muskegon River. Because the concentrations of PCBs used in the hazard assessment were corrected for relative toxic potencies, the hazard ratios based on PCBs should be similar to those based on TCDD-EQ. This was found to be true. Thus, either total PCBs or TCDD-EQ could be used as the critical toxicant in the hazard assessment. However, if uncorrected concentrations of PCBs, expressed as Aroclors®, were used in the hazard assessment, the toxicity of the weathered mixture would have been underestimated by approximately five-fold, and, in that instance, TCDD-EQ would be the critical contaminant for the hazard assessment. The average maximum allowable percentage of fish from above the dams, which would result in no observable adverse effects of TCDD-EQ, was 70%. Based on the average TCDD-EQ concentrations in the fishes, an average of 8.6% of the diet could be made up of fishes from below dams on the rivers. The most restrictive daily allowable intakes were for carp on the Muskegon and steelhead trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss) on the Manistee Rivers. Only 2.7% of the diet could be made up of these two species from influenced portion of the Au Sable River, they would be exposed to 390 μg PCBs and 8.55 ng of TCDD-EQ per day, respectively (Giesy et al. 1994b). Thus, it would take 15.1 or 77 days for mink to receive their total annual dose of PCBs or TCDD-EQ, respectively. At least for chinook salmon, the critical contaminant for the purposes of hazard assessment would be total concentrations of PCBs. Consuming chinook salmon for as little as 2 weeks would deliver the annual allowable dose of PCBs to mink.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214265
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gröbner bases of ideals defined by functionals with an application to ideals of projective points (1993)
    Springer
    Applicable algebra in engineering, communication and computing 4 (1993), S. 103-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0622
    Keywords: Gröbner bases ; Polynomial ideals ; Dual bases ; Interpolation ; 0-dimensional schemes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we study 0-dimensional polynomial ideals defined by a dual basis, i.e. as the set of polynomials which are in the kernel of a set of linear morphisms from the polynomial ring to the base field. For such ideals, we give polynomial complexity algorithms to compute a Gröbner basis, generalizing the Buchberger-Möller algorithm for computing a basis of an ideal vanishing at a set of points and the FGLM basis conversion algorithm. As an application to Algebraic Geometry, we show how to compute in polynomial time a minimal basis of an ideal of projective points.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01386834
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The virtues of laziness: Complexity of the Tangent Cone Algorithm (1993)
    Springer
    Applicable algebra in engineering, communication and computing 4 (1993), S. 231-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0622
    Keywords: Computational algebra ; Tangent cone ; Standard bases ; Algebraic complexity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The Tangent Cone Algorithm is a variant of Buchberger Algorithm, to compute standard bases with respect to orderings which are not well-orderings, which is useful in computational local algebra. We show here that its complexity is the same as the one of Buchberger Algorithm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01200147
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