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  • Chemical Engineering  (119)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (119)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Geophysical Union
  • International Union of Crystallography
  • PANGAEA
  • 1990-1994  (119)
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (119)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Geophysical Union
  • International Union of Crystallography
  • PANGAEA
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Rheology and structure of liquid crystalline alkylenearomatic polyesters (1993)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 889-894 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The rheological, thermodynamic and structural properties of two liquid crystalline polyesters - poly(oxyfumaroyloxy- 1,4-phenylene carbonyloxyalkyleneoxycarbonyl- 1,4-phenylene)s with six and ten methylene groups (PES-6 and PES- 10, respectively) and a statistical copolyester (co-PES) have been investigated. It has been shown that they all form a smectic LC-phase. The change from homopolyesters to co-PE S expands the temperature range of the LC-state. The high sensitivity of the structure to the prehistory in the melt state is typical for such copolymers. Prolonged heating leads to rearrangement of the co-PES crystalline structure and a drastic increase in viscosity. The orientation of these polymers during flow was investigated. It was shown that a high level of molecular orientation of the smectic layers, perpendicular to the direction of flow, was realized at high shear stresses. In the melt region, the existence of a metastable network with junctions of crystalline nature hinders the flow of the homo- and copolyesters. The structure of the unit cell of the crystallites depends on the composition and thermal history.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760331404
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Letters to the editor (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 635-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380421
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Parametric study on the bulk hydraircooling of spherical food products (1993)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 39 (1993), S. 1870-1884 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A numerical study of the bulk hydraircooling of spherical food products is performed using the technique of spraying chilled water to form a thin film over the food products while blowing cold unsaturated air in the countercurrent or cocurrent direction. This precooling process is found to combine the advantages of hydro-and air cooling.Governing equations describing the simultaneous heat and mass transfer occurring in the hydraircooling process for both counterflow and parallel-flow arrangements are solved using finite-difference numerical methods. A parametric study is performed to determine the effect of important processing parameters on the process time. It is generally observed that higher quantities of spray water, air-mass flow rate and product thermal conductivity, as well as lower values of water temperature will result in faster rates of cooling. For the same operating conditions, parallel-flow arrangement leads to higher plant capacities.
    Zusätzliches Material: 18 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690391114
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Orientational crystallization and orientational drawing as strengthening methods for polyethylene (1993)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 1341-1351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: This paper reports on the theoretical and experimental studies of structure formation and strengthening (stiffening) of flexible-chain polymers. Two techniques of strengthening relying on the melt extrusion, i.e., orientational crystallization (crystallization initiated by melt extension) and drawing (uniaxial stretching of a crystallized polymer) are analysed by theory. The experiments involved preparation and study of melt extruded films and film fibers of linear polyethylene formed by the two techniques mentioned above. The effect of the degree of orientation and other parameters of the formation processes on the mechanical characteristics and the factors limiting the ultimate values of these characteristics are discussed. It is shown that multistage drawing succeeds in achieving a higher tensile strength and elastic modulus (1.2 and 35 GPa, respectively) than the orientational crystallization, which gives 0.8 and 15 GPa. The strengthening by drawing is accompanied by microcrack formation. In contrast, no discontinuities are observed in orientationally crystallized samples up to their ultimate extension.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760332007
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Axial dispersion for turbulent flow with a large radial heat flux (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 598-604 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: In 1954, G. I. Taylor derived an expression for an apparent axial dispersion coefficient for mass transfer in turbulent flow under the assumption of no mass transport between the tube wall and the fluid inside the tube. Taylor's expression has been verified in a number of experimental efforts for both mass and heat transfer.This work extends the results of Taylor to the case where there is a significant transport of heat from the tube wall to the fluid in the tube, such as in a double-pipe heat exchanger. Using an analysis similar to Taylor's, it is shown that the apparent axial dispersion coefficient is about one order of magnitude larger when a large radial gradient is present. Experimental data on a double-pipe heat exchanger show significantly improved correspondence with a dispersion-based model of the system when the larger dispersion coefficients are used.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360411
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Description of thermal and mechanical properties of drawn polymers over a wide temperature range (1992)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 32 (1992), S. 1204-1208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Temperature dependencies of the thermal expansion coefficient for segments of macromolecular helices, α(T), were obtained for polymers by infrared (IR) spectroscopy. It was shown that the α(T) are complicated (nonlinear) over a wide temperature range. Wunderlich and Bauer's idea concerning “freezing out” of normal vibrations of polymer chains was used to describe them. It was shown that the substitution of the classical rather than quantum statistics for both torsional and bending vibrational modes of macromolecules causes complications in α(T). Mechanical properties of drawn linear polymers are connected with the thermal expansion. Therefore, such an approach may be used to describe the temperature dependence of Young's modulus and failure strength for drawn polymers in the range from cryogenic to melting temperatures.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760321704
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Optimization of the structure of integral skin foams for maximal flexural properties (1994)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 34 (1994), S. 726-733 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The effective flexural properties of integral skin foams (ISF), are modeled using Euler-Bernouli beam theory along with a power law empirical equation relating the properties of a homogeneous foam to its density. The optimal density profile that maximizes the effective flexural modulus of an ISF beam of fixed overall density, and with the density constrained to lie in a given range, is continuous when the power law exponent (n) is less than 1. For n 〉 1, the optimal density profile is discontinuous with a low density core and a high density skin. The effective flexural modulus of such sandwich beams is maximized for a fixed density ratio (ratio of the core density to the skin density) and fixed overall density. The maximal flexural modulus is found to increase monotonically with decreasing density ratios and increasing values of n. The flexural strength of the sandwich beam is also maximized considering failure to occur by tensile fracture or buckling of the skin. In this case an optimal skin thickness and an optimal density ratio are obtained for a fixed overall density. The results are useful for the design and evaluation of flat ISF panels.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760340905
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Energetics of stress relaxation of glassy polymers at high pressure (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 1493-1495 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Kinetic changes of relaxation of the shift stress of glassy poly(methyl methacrylate) were studied when temperatures and pressures were changed in isobaric, isothermal, and isochoric conditions. In isochoric conditions the relaxation rate depends slightly on temperature. The volume of the polymer is the main parameter for the rate of stress relaxation. Isobaric and isochoric activation energies and activation vohime of stress relaxation were determined. The results are shown to satisfy the thermodynamic relation of the activation parameters of the relaxation process. The dimensions of elementary kinetic unit of the stress relaxation process were estimated.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760312008
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The interphasial regions in interlayer fiber composites (1991)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 12 (1991), S. 377-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: The interaction between the fiber and matrix in a fiber-reinforced material plays an important role in determining the mechanical behavior of the composite. An efficient technique to simultaneously improve fiber-matrix interfacial shear strength and impact behavior of the composite is to deposit a flexible interlayer onto the fiber. This results in the creation of three bulk phases, the fiber, matrix, and the interlayer and two interphasial regions. A phenomenological model that defines the variation of the fiber-interlayer interphase and that of the interlayer-matrix interphase has been developed. In the model, the elastic moduli of these regions vary continuously, so as to bridge the two bulk phases on either side of the interphase. The interaction between the bulk phases is also taken into consideration. The model has the potential for the use of dynamic mechanical analysis to obtain, relatively, adhesion/interaction parameters of different fiber-interlayer-matrix systems. These parameters can be used to determine the optimum interlayer thickness for improved toughness and good stress transfer efficiency.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750120602
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Interfacial adhesion and failure modes in single filament thermoplastic composites (1994)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 15 (1994), S. 147-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: The single filament composite (SFC) test has been uses to investigate the adhesion of carbon and glass fibers to thermoplastic matrices. A new modification of the test is proposed, consisting of SFC specimens stretched until the neck formation is complete. This makes the measuring of fiber fragment lengths much easier and allows a wider class of matrices to be investigated. The adhesion between fiber and thermoplastic matrix is strongly dependent on the contact forming conditions. With increased time of thermal treatment, interfacial bonding is improved and the failuere mode is changed. In the case of por fiber-mitrix adhesion, interfacial failure occurs. With an increase in interfacial shear strength, the martix cracks perpendicular to the fiber at the fiber breaks.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750150208
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