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  • Immunocytochemistry  (6)
  • Scenedesmus incrassatulus  (3)
  • Springer  (9)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • De Gruyter
  • 1990-1994  (9)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (9)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • De Gruyter
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1)
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of food concentration on the chronic toxicity of sodium dodecyl sulphate to Daphnia magna (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of aquatic ecosystem stress and recovery 3 (1994), S. 247-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5141
    Keywords: Daphnia magna ; Scenedesmus incrassatulus ; microalgae ; chronic toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Food concentration supplied during subchronic and chronic toxicity tests, is one of the most important factors that might influence the response of test organisms to toxicants. The green microalga Scenedesmus incrassatulus was used as food for the cladoceran Daphnia magna, in a chronic toxicity test with the toxicant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). Test concentrations were 0.625, 1.25, and 2.5 mg l-1 of SDS, equivalent to 1/40, 1/20, and 1/10 of the average 48-h LC50 previously determined. Food concentrations were 9.5, 19, and 38 mg l-1 (dry wt.). Survival and reproduction were recorded, and the data were analyzed using a life-table approach. After 55 days, the main findings were as follows: 1. Average clutch size decreased as food concentration increased and there was a negative interaction between the toxicant and the algal concentration. 2. The Net Reproductive Rate (R 0) of the controls fed the lowest food concentration was approximately 10 times higher than the controls fed the highest food concentration. 3. R 0's for the treatments with SDS fed the lowest food concentration, were 2.5 to 5 times higher than those fed the highest food concentration. 4. Reproduction in controls and treatments with the same SDS concentrations, became similar as food level increased. According to these results, the food concentration to be supplied in chronic toxicity tests should be accurate, as an incorrect food concentration might negatively affect the survival and reproduction of test organisms, thus masking or confounding the effects of the toxicant being examined. A concentration around 10 mg l-1 (dry wt.) of S. incrassatulus seems to be appropriate for D. magna economic toxicity tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00115283
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of food type and concentration on the survival, longevity, and reproduction of Daphnia magna (1994)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 287 (1994), S. 207-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Daphnia magna ; Ankistrodesmus falcatus ; Scenedesmus incrassatulus ; Cladocera ; reproduction ; culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The freshwater microalgae Ankistrodesmus falcatus and Scenedesmus incrassatulus, at three concentrations (6, 12 and 18 mg l−1 t, dry weight), were tested as diets for Daphnia magna cultured in reconstituted hard water, at 19 ± 1 °C. Effects on survival, and reproductive characteristics were evaluated during a complete life-cycle. Test animals fed with the highest food concentration had the lowest survival, longevity, number of clutches, and average inter-brood times, but the total offspring was similar to that obtained with the lowest food concentration, for the same species of alga. Average longevity ranged from 40 to 85 days, with a minimum of 24 and a maximum of 119 days. The average inter-brood time ranged from 4.2 to 5.8 days, the highest values being observed at the lowest food concentration. The average total offspring was maximum for the intermediate concentrations of both algae. The maximum number of clutches ranged from 9 to 23, with the lowest values being observed at the highest food concentration. Even though both microalgae had similar effects on survival and reproduction, and the greatest differences observed were related to food concentration, it seems that S. incrassalulus is a comparatively better food for D. magna. The most suitable food level should be determined prior to carrying out chronic bioassays, and it is also an important factor in cultures for obtaining neonates for toxicological tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010735
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A laboratory-scale system for mass culture of freshwater microalgae in polyethylene bags (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 6 (1994), S. 423-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: Ankistrodesmus falcatus ; Scenedesmus incrassatulus ; Chlorophyceae ; mass production ; microalgae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A laboratory-scale system for mass culture of microalgae in 8-, 20- and 40-L polyethylene bags, was designed. Bags are 16.8 cm diameter and 52 cm (8-L bags), 112 cm (20-L) or 224 cm (40-L) length. The system was tested successfully with two freshwater microalgae,Ankistrodesmus falcatus andScenedesmus incrassatulus, cultured in Bold's Basal medium (prepared with either deionized or tap water). The procedure described is simple, reliable and practical, and enables a very cost-effective production of freshwater microalgae to satisfy any laboratory requirements, and when quantities demanded for special applications can not be met by the standard laboratory culture procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182159
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    C-PON immunoreactive neurons in the neostriatum of the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus): a correlated light- and electron-microscopic study (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 177-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: C-PON ; Neuropeptide Y ; Neostriatum ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Erinaceus europaeus (Insectivora)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study provides light- and electronmicroscopic immunocytochemical data on the presence of neurons that are immunoreactive to the C-terminal flanking peptide of neuropeptide Y, C-PON, in the neostriatum of the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus). Positive neurons have mostly fusiform or round perikarya from which two to four poorly branched processes arise. Immunostained fibers and puncta are also evenly distributed throughout the neostriatum. Ultrastructurally, each neuron exhibits a deeply invaginated nucleus surrounded by abundant cytoplasm with a well-developed rought endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Positive neurons receive symmetric and asymmetric synapses from unlabeled terminals. The results of this study can be correlated with previous findings, as the C-PON-positive neurons of the hedgehog resemble medium-sized neostriatal neurons that are known to be local circuit neurons exhibiting C-PON in the rat. Thus, a high degree of C-PON neuronal system phylogenetic conservation and function can be postulated for the neostriatum of mammals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303094
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    C-PON immunoreactive neurons in the neostriatum of the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus): a correlated light- and electron-microscopic study (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 177-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: C-PON ; Neuropeptide Y ; Neostriatum ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Erinaceus europaeus (Insectivora)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The present study provides light- and electron-microscopic immunocytochemical data on the presence of neurons that are immunoreactive to the C-terminal flanking peptide of neuropeptide Y, C-PON, in the neostriatum of the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus). Positive neurons have mostly fusiform or round perikarya from which two to four poorly branched processes arise. Immunostained fibers and puncta are also evenly distributed throughout the neostriatum. Ultrastructurally, each neuron exhibits a deeply invaginated nucleus surrounded by abundant cytoplasm with a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Positive neurons receive symmetric and asymmetric synapses from unlabeled terminals. The results of this study can be correlated with previous findings, as the C-PON-positive neurons of the hedgehog resemble medium-sized neostriatal neurons that are known to be local circuit neurons exhibiting C-PON in the rat. Thus, a high degree of C-PON neuronal system phylogenetic conservation and function can be postulated for the neostriatum of mammals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303094
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural characterization of endocrine cells in chicken proventriculus (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 263 (1991), S. 541-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Proventriculus ; Endocrine secretory cells ; Secretory granules ; Peptide hormones ; Colocalization ; Immunocytochemistry ; Colloidal gold ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The endocrine cells of the chicken proventriculus were investigated immunocytochemically, using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique on paraffin and semithin sections for light microscopy, and immunogold staining in osmium-fixed material for electron microscopy. The fixation procedure also allowed a detailed ultrastructural investigation. Twenty-three antisera were tested and 7 immunoreactive cell-types were identified: D-cells containing somatostatin-like peptide; EG-cells immunoreactive to anti-glucagon, anti-GLP1 and antineurotensin; NT-cells labelled only with anti-neurotensin; BN-cells containing bombesin-like material; ENK-cells showing met-enkephalin immunoreactivity; EC-cells reactive to anti-serotonin; and APP-cells positive to anti-avian pancreatic polypeptide. In addition, enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells, were also detected by electron microscopy. The presence of ENK-cells and the ultrastructure of these and NT-cells are described for the first time in chicken proventriculus, and glucagon, GLP1 and neurotensin are shown to be colocalized in the EG-cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327287
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of the diffuse endocrine system in the chicken proventriculus (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 271 (1993), S. 107-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Proventriculus ; Endocrine ontogenesis ; Ultrastructure ; Regulatory peptides ; Immunocytochemistry ; Silver impregnations ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of endocrine cells in the chicken proventriculus has been investigated using light-and electron-microscopy in conjunction with silver and immunocytochemical techniques. The first morphologically detectable endocrine cells were found in 5-day-old embryos by electron microscopy. From the 9th to the 13th day, endocrine cells in contact with the lumen of the organ could be detected both by electron and light (silver impregnation) microscopy. The number of open-type endocrine cells progressively decreased and the number of closed-type increased after this stage. Until the 16th day, endocrine cells were located exclusively in the luminal epithelium, but afterwards they appeared in progressively greater numbers in the compound glands. After hatching, long cytoplasmic processes could be seen in the endocrine cells. Immunoreactivities to regulatory substances appeared in the following order: serotonin (day-14), avian pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon and somatostatin (day-16), bombesin and neurotensin (day-18), and finally, met-enkephalin (day-21).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297548
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulatory peptides in gut endocrine cells and nerves in the starfish Marthasterias glacialis (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 271 (1993), S. 375-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Gut ; Innervation ; Regulatory peptides ; Endocrine cells ; Marthasterias glacialis (Echinodermata)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The endocrine cells of the starfish digestive tract are spindle-shaped, contacting both the lumen and the basiepithelial plexus. Silver impregnation labels the basiepithelial and subcoelomic plexuses as well as these cells. Twenty antisera have been tested using the avidinbiotin method, in order to identify the regulatory substances involved in this system. Endocrine cells and nerves immunoreactive to GFNSALMFamide- (S1), FMRFamide-, peptide tyrosine-tyrosine-(PYY), pancreatic polypeptide- (PP), melanocyte stimulating hormone- (αMSH) and peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase- (PAM) specific antisera have been found in the epithelium. The antibodies against S1, a peptide isolated from the nervous system of a starfish, and αMSH, stain both the basiepithelial plexus and the subcoelomic plexus, but the others react only with nerves in the basiepithelial plexus. Absorption controls show that antibodies for S1 and FMRFamide totally crossreact recognizing the same molecule, possibly S1. The other antibodies do not show cross-reactivity to any of the rest, and thus we conclude that these regulatory peptides are present in starfish. This is the first report of the presence of FMRFamide, PYY, αMSH and PAM in the Echinodermata. Under the electron microscope the endocrine cells exhibit secretory granules, microtubules and mitochondria. Direct contact with the subcoelomic plexus can be observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318624
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitric oxide (NO) synthase immunoreactivity in the starfish Marthasterias glacialis (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 275 (1994), S. 599-603 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nitric oxide synthase ; Nervous system ; Gut ; Endocrine cells ; Immunocytochemistry ; Marthasterias glacialis (Echinodermata)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The neuroendocrine system of the starfish Marthasterias glacialis was investigated immunocytochemically using antisera specific for rat neuronal, bovine aortic endothelial, and mouse macrophage, nitric oxide (NO) synthases. Immunoreactivity was detected only with the antibodies specific for the neural enzyme, in the ectoneural and hyponeural tissues of the radial nerve cords and in the basiepithelial plexus and endocrine cells of the digestive tract. The pyloric stomach showed more immunoreactive structures than the other digestive organs, with the rectal caeca showing the least activity. Immunoreactive endocrine cells were located in the cardiac and pyloric stomachs and in the pyloric caeca. Co-localization of the enzyme immunoreactivity, and the staining for NADPH-diaphorase, demonstrate the presence of NO synthase in echinoderms. These results provide further evidence that NO is a neuronal messenger of early phylogenetic origin which has been conserved throughout evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318828
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