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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The energy of finite systems of misfit dislocations in epitaxial strained layers (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 2242-2248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Previous approaches to calculating the energy of a system of misfit dislocations in epitaxial strained layers have assumed that the system is infinite in the plane of the epitaxial interface and that the dislocations are uniformly spaced. Here a method is presented which is capable of dealing with finite systems of nonuniformly spaced dislocations of the type observed experimentally. The principle of the method is to explicitly account for the interactions between pairs of misfit dislocations. When the dislocations are infinite and uniformly spaced the present approach is shown to be equivalent to an earlier exact treatment. The present approach applied to finite systems of uniformly spaced dislocations shows that the energy per unit area converges to that of the infinite system very slowly; particularly when the spacing of the dislocations is less than the thickness of the epitaxial layer. Typically, systems must be larger than 30×30 dislocations for their energy per unit area to be within 10% of that of the infinite system. Similarly the infinite system will overestimate the energy of a 10×10 array by about 30%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351617
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy of arrays of nonperiodic interacting dislocations in semiconductor strained epilayers: Implications for strain relaxation (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 1773-1780 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The interaction energy EirrI of arrays of dislocations with nonperiodic (or irregular) distribution is calculated. The calculations have been made for uniform-random and Gaussian distributions of dislocations. The method used is, however, general and can also be applied to any arbitrary or an observed distribution of dislocations. The results for several values of average spacing p¯ and standard deviation σ are given and are compared with the energy EI of periodic arrays with spacing p=p¯. The total energy EirrT of strained layers containing nonperiodic dislocation arrays is also calculated. The results for both 90° and 60° dislocations are given. For sufficiently large numbers of dislocations, EirrI is always larger than EI. The difference between the energies EirrI and EI increases rapidly as the standard deviation σ of the nonperiodic distribution increases. The equilibrium strain relaxation in thick layers and the strain relaxation on annealing the metastable layers are usually calculated by modeling the nonperiodic array as an equivalent periodic array with p=p¯. It is found that this procedure for the calculation of the strain relaxation is not valid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353213
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energetics of dislocation dipoles in capped epitaxially strained layers (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 1598-1603 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Most device structures based on strained epitaxial layers are capped by a second, unstrained layer to increase the mechanical stability of the structure. In order to calculate the energies of these structures it is necessary to synthesize the total energy from the energies of the line defects they contain (interfacial dislocations and dislocation dipoles). The self energies and interaction energies of dislocations and dipoles are calculated and their behavior examined as a function of their spacing and the thicknesses of the strained and capping layers. The results confirm the observations that capped strained layers are more stable than uncapped ones (of the same strained layer thickness) and that capping layers do not need to be thicker than approximately three times the strained layer thickness. An expression is deduced for the total energy of finite, nonuniform arrays of dipoles in capped layers and, by analogy with a similar earlier expression for dislocations in uncapped layers, it is concluded that the effect of a nonuniformity in the dipole spacing will be to increase the energy of the system compared with that of a uniform array having the same average spacing. The results in this paper can be used to assess the stability of devices and their rate of degradation by strain relaxation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357739
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The gene responsible for familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia maps to chromosome 3q in four unrelated families (1992)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 1 (1992), S. 295-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) is an autosomal dominant syndrome of unknown aetiology characterized by lifelong elevation in serum calcium concentration and low urinary calcium excretion. These features suggest that the causal gene is important for maintenance of extracellular calcium ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng0792-295
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pons' Comet (1884)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 30 (1884), S. 55-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] PONS' comet was visible here with the naked eye throughout the month of February, including the nights of greatest moonlight. I so saw it on some twenty or more nights during that month, and append some notes as to its comparative brightness, so far as I could judge. February 3. - "Comet ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/030055a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pons' Comet—Pink Glow (1884)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 30 (1884), S. 463-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THIS comet was visible here up to the beginning of June. I saw it on fourteen nights in April and eighteen in May, including the last eleven nights of the latter month. It could be seen with an opera-glass up to April 3; my last sight of it was with a 4-inch telescope on June 1, or rather at ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/030463a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of 4-bromo-13α-methyl-13aαH-tetrahydropseudocoptisin (1992)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 48 (1992), S. 931-932 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270191011666
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Late Total Eclipse (1885)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 33 (1885), S. 175-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ALLOW me to call the attention of such of your readers as are not already aware of the fact that the phenomena I mentioned in my notes of the late eclipse—the “pulsation” of the sun's light just before totality and the simultaneous “wave-shadows”—are recorded by Grant (“Hist. of Phys. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/033175c0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pons' Comet (1884)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 29 (1884), S. 501-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THIS comet has been visible here some time. I first saw it at 9 p.m. on January 15, but only for two or three minutes, through the clouds. On the following evening (January 16) I saw it well. To the naked eye it looked like a star of the first magnitude seen through a haze; the tail was ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/029501d0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Great Comet b 1882 (1883)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 28 (1883), S. 225-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THIS comet was visible here with the naked eye up toFebruary 28. I so saw it myself on the evening of that day. Owing partly to cloudy weather, partly to moonlight, I had not seen it for ten days or a fortnight previously, but found it on that evening with little difficulty and without any ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/028225b0
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