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  • Springer  (89)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (23)
  • Cell Press  (8)
  • 1990-1994  (115)
  • 1925-1929  (5)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temporal oviposition patterns of Heliothis zea and Spodoptera ornithogalli (1991)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 58 (1991), S. 159-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Fecundity ; Heliothis zea ; oviposition ; Spodoptera ornithogalli
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La production d'œufs d'Heliothis zea (Boddie) et de Spodoptera ornithogalli Guenée (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) durant toute la vie adulte a été examinée au laboratoire. Bien que H. zea dépose ses œufs isolément et que S. ornithogalli les dépose en groupes, les courbes temporelles d'oviposition chez des individus fécondés sont similaires. Le nomber d'œufs culmine peu après l'accouplement, puis décline rapidement. Le poids des œufs culmine aussi peu après l'accouplement, puis décroît graduellement. Des femelles fécondées produisent environ deux fois autant d'œufs que les femelles non fécondées, quoique la longévité ne diffère pas significativement entre les deux groupes. Des femelles non fécondées montrent des distributions temporelles plus irrégulières que des femelles fécondées, en ce qui concerne le nombre des œufs et leur poids. Ces irrégularités ont été attribuées à la tendance des femelles non fécondées à retenir leur œufs, ce qui suggère que l'accouplement exerce une influence sur la forme de la courbe temporelle d'oviposition. Des femelles d'H. zea contenant un, deux ou trois spermatophores n'ont pas produit des nombres d'œufs significativement différents.
    Notes: Abstract Egg production under laboratory conditions was examined over the lifespan of Heliothis zea (Boddie) and Spodoptera ornithogalli Guenée (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Although H. zea oviposits singly and S. ornithogalli oviposits in masses, temporal trends were similar. Egg numbers peaked shortly after mating and then rapidly declined. Egg weights also peaked shortly after mating, but decreased gradually over time. Temporal oviposition patterns were more erratic for unmated than mated females, suggesting the importance of mating in establishing the shape of the oviposition curve.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00164940
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The introduction of dated observations and precise measurement in Greek astronomy (1991)
    Springer
    Archive for history of exact sciences 43 (1991), S. 93-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0657
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00375347
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of successive cuttings on uptake and partitioning of 15N among plant parts of Leucaena leucocephala (1990)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 9 (1990), S. 37-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Agroforestry ; Cutting ; Leucaena leucocephala ; N distribution ; N2 fixation ; N uptake ; 15N isotope ; Rhizobium spp.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary We studied the effect of three successive cuttings on N uptake and fixation and N distribution in Leucaena leucocephala. Two isolines, uninoculated or inoculated with three different Rhizobium strains, were grown for 36 weeks and cut every 12 weeks. The soil was labelled with 50 ppm KNO3 enriched with 10 atom % 15N excess soon after the first cutting. Except for the atom % 15N excess in branches of K28 at the second cutting, both the L. leucocephala isolines showed similar patterns of total N, fixed N2, and N from fertilizer distribution in different parts of the plant at each cutting. The Rhizobium strain did not influence the partitioning of 15N among the different plant parts. Significant differences in 15N enrichment occurred in different parts. Live nodules of both isolines showed the lowest atom % 15N excess values (0.087), followed by leaves (0.492), branches (0.552), stems (0.591), and roots (0.857). The roots contained about 60% of the total plant N and about 70% of the total N derived from fertilizer over the successive cuttings. The total N2 fixed in the roots was about 60% of that fixed in the whole plant, while the shoots contained only 20% of the fixed N2. We conclude that N reserves in roots and nodules constitute another N source that must be taken into account when estimating fixed N2 or the N balance after pruning or cutting plants. 15N enrichment declined up to about fivefold in the reference and the N2-fixing plants over 24 weeks following the 15N application. The proportion and the amounts of N derived from fertilizer decreased, while the amount derived from N2 fixation increased with time although its proportion remained constant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335859
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of reference trees on N2-fixation estimates inLeucaena leucocephala andAcacia albida using15N-labelling techniques (1990)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 9 (1990), S. 341-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: A value ; Acacia albida ; Cassia siamea ; Eucalyptus grandis ; Nitrogen fixing trees ; Forest rehabilitation ; Isotope dilution ; Leucaena leucocephala ; Rhizobium spp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary We examined the suitability of four reference crops, i.e., two non-fixing trees,Cassia siamea andEucalyptus grandis, and two uninoculated fixing trees,Leucaena leucocephala andAcacia albida, for measuring fixed N2 fixed in inoculatedL. leucocephala andA. albida grown for 36 weeks in pots. The15N isotope-dilution (involving the addition of equal amounts of labelled N fertilizer to the non-fixing and the fixing plants) and theA-value (with different amounts of labelled N fertilizer added to the fixing and the non-fixing crops) methods were used. The isotope dilution approach gave several large negative estimates of fixed N2 inA. albida. Positive and similar values of fixed N2 were measured in all four reference crops using theA-value approach. ForL. leucocephala the isotope-dilution approach gave different estimates of fixed N2, with the different reference crops; the uninoculated N2-fixing crops indicated significantly less fixed N2 than the non-fixing reference crops. Similar values for N2 fixed inL. leucocephala were obtained using the two non-fixing trees, either by the isotope-dilution or theA-value method. On average,A. albida derived about twice as much N from fertilizer asL. leucocephala. In both species, the atom %15N excess declined by about 50% in successive harvests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00634112
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aspects of nonrandom turnover involved in the concerted evolution of intergenic spacers within the ribosomal DNA of Drosophila melanogaster (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 39 (1994), S. 151-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Concerted evolution ; Molecular drive ; Drosophila ; rDNA spacers ; PCR length polymorphism ; MVR-PCR mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified, sequenced, and digitally typed intergenic spacers (IGSs) of the ribosomal (r)DNA in D. melanogaster reveal unexpected features of the mechanisms of turnover involved with the concerted evolution of the gene family. Characterization of the structure of three isolated IGS length variants reveals breakage “hot spots” within the 330-base-pair (bp) subrepeat array found in the spacers. Internal mapping of variant repeats within the 240-bp subrepeat array using a novel digital DNA typing procedure (minisatellite variant repeat [MVR]-PCR) shows an unexpected pattern of clustering of variant repeats. Each 240-bp subrepeat array consists of essentially two halves with the repeats in each half identified by specific mutations. This bipartite structure, observed in a cloned IGS unit, in the majority of genomic DNA of laboratory and wild flies and in PCR-amplified products, has been widely homogenized yet is not predicted by a model of unequal crossing over with randomly placed recombination breakpoints. Furthermore, wild populations contain large numbers of length variants in contrast to uniformly shared length variants in laboratory stocks. High numbers of length variants coupled to the observation of a homogenized bipartite structure of the 240-bp subrepeat array suggest that the unit of turnover and homogenization is smaller than the IGS and might involve gene conversion. The use of PCR for the structural analysis of members of the rDNA gene family coupled to digital DNA typing provides powerful new inroads into the mechanisms of DNA turnover affecting the course of molecular evolution in this family.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00163804
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accumulation of polychlorinated organic contaminants from sediment by three benthic marine species (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 24 (1993), S. 290-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A laboratory experiment was conducted to measure the accumulation of selected polychlorinated compounds by marine benthos exposed to environmentally contaminated sediment. Sandworms (Nereis virens), clams (Macoma nasuta), and grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) were exposed to sediment collected from the Passaic River, New Jersey. All three species accumulated 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3, 7,8-TODD), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (2,3,7,8-TCDF) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from the sediment. In addition, a recently identified sulfur containing analog of tetrachlorinated dibenzofurans, 2,4,6,8-tetrachlorodibenzothiophene (2,4,6,8-TCDT), accumulated in the three species. Accumulation factors (AFs) were calculated (([organism]/lipid) / ([sediment]/total organic carbon)) and used to compare results among species and compounds. These comparisons showed that AFs measured for clams reached steady-state levels rapidly (10 days); however, steady-state Al's values were not achieved until 70–120 days in sandworms. Grass shrimp were exposed to test sediments for only 28 days; therefore, steady-state concentrations could not be determined for this species. Although final contaminant concentrations were highest in the sandworms, AFs were generally higher for the clams and shrimp and lower for the sandworms. The AFs for 2,4,6,8-TCDT were significantly higher for shrimp than for sandworms and clams. PCB 153 showed higher AF values than those of the other compounds studied. Clams showed preferential accumulation of lower molecular weight PCB congeners which may be due to the very low lipid content in this species. Sandworms and especially shrimp appeared to metabolize congeners 52, 101, and 151 which all contain vicinal hydrogens in the meta and para regions of the molecule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01128727
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The future of the past at Göreme in Turkey (1990)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 16 (1990), S. 35-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The structural conservation project at the Göreme circus, with its rock-hewn churches, is a program for safeguarding this area in Cappadocia. The aim of this paper is to inquire into the causes of observed degradation and define a general plan of intervention which associates processes controlling the development of the phenomena with appropriate repair technologies facilitating treatment of the most urgent cases of damage. The first problem noted is clearly erosion. To natural erosion must be added the effects of localized erosion resulting from increasing tourism on the site. The second difficulty is to be seen in fissuring and fracturing in the soft rock, a volcanic tuff. Treatment of fissures in domes involves complete covering of the rock. Also, it must be noted that low-pressure injection grouting with a product suitable for the fissures would assure water-tightness of the monument and restore to the massif its monolithic stability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01702221
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors affecting PEG-mediated stable transformation of maize protoplasts (1990)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 9 (1990), S. 335-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Factors influencing the frequency of stable transformation and co-transformation of maize protoplasts utilizing a polyethylene glycol (PEG) mediated DNA uptake procedure have been investigated. Protoplast plating conditions, pre-treatment buffer composition, PEG concentration, and DNA concentration were all found to be important. Carrier DNA was not beneficial when transforming with circular plasmid DNA. The effect of linearizing plasmid DNA was inconsistent across experiments, and may be dependent on the presence of carrier DNA. Functional co-transformation of an unlinked marker gene (hygromycin phosphotransferase) was increased by increasing the ratio of nonselected:selected DNA, and varied from 39% at a 1∶1 ratio to 65% at a 100∶1 ratio. Under optimum conditions, up to 300 transformed calli were recovered per million input protoplasts. The protocol is simple, inexpensive, and effective, and is useful for studies in maize requiring large numbers of stably transformed or co-transformed cell lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232864
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mössbauer study of the thermal decomposition of lepidocrocite and characterization of the decomposition products (1991)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 18 (1991), S. 131-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH) to maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), and the maghemite to hematite (α-Fe2O3) transition temperatures have been monitored by TGA and DSC measurements for four initial γ-FeOOH samples with different particle sizes. The transition temperature of γ-FeOOH to γ-Fe2O3 and the size of the resulting particles were not affected by the particle size of the parent lepidocrocite. In contrast, the γ-Fe2O3 to γ-Fe2O3 transition temperature seems to depend on the amount of excess water molecules present in the parent lepidocrocite. Thirteen products obtained by heating for one hour at selected temperatures, were considered. Powder X-ray diffraction was used to qualify their composition and to determine their mean crystallite diameters. Transmission electron micrographs revealed the particle morphology. The Mössbauer spectra at 80 K and room temperature of the mixed and pure decomposition products generally had to be analyzed with a distribution of hyperfine fields and, where appropriate, with an additional quadrupole-splitting distribution. The Mössbauer spectra at variable temperature between 4.2 and 400 K of two single-phase γ-Fe2O3 samples with extremely small particles show the effect of superparamagnetism over a very broad temperature range. Only at the lowest temperatures (T⩽55 K), two distributed components were resolved from the magnetically split spectra. In the external-field spectra the ΔmI=0 transitions have not vanished. This effect is an intrinsic property of the maghemite particles, indicating a strong spin canting with respect to the applied-field direction. The spectra are successfully reproduced using a bidimensional-distribution approach in which both the canting angle and the magnetic hyperfine field vary within certain intervals. The observed distributions are ascribed to the defect structure of the maghemites (unordered vacancy distribution on B-sites, large surface-to-bulk ratio, presence of OH- groups). An important new finding is the correlation between the magnitude of the hyperfine field and the average canting angle for A-site ferric ions, whereas the B-site spins show a more uniform canting. The Mössbauer parameters of the two hematite samples with MCD104 values of respectively 61.0 and 26.5 nm display a temperature variation which is very similar to that of small-particle hematites obtained from thermal decomposition of goethite. However, for a given MCD the Morin transition temperature for the latter samples is about 30 K lower. This has tentatively been ascribed to the different mechanisms of formation, presumably resulting in slightly larger lattice parameters for the hematite particles formed from goethite, thus shifting the Morin transition to lower temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216606
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic structure of Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico populations of sea bass, menhaden, and sturgeon: Influence of zoogeographic factors and life-history patterns (1990)
    Springer
    Marine biology 107 (1990), S. 371-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract To assess the influence of zoogeographic factors and life-history parameters (effective population size, generation length, and dispersal) on the evolutionary genetic structure of marine fishes in the southeastern USA, phylogeographic patterns of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were compared between disjunct Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico populations in three coastal marine fishes whose juveniles require an estuarine or freshwater habitat for development. Black sea bass (Centropristis striata), menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus andB. patronus) and sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrhynchus) samples were collected between 1986 and 1988. All species showed significant haplotype frequency differences between the Atlantic and Gulf, but the magnitude and distribution of mtDNA variation differed greatly among these taxa: sea bass showed little within-region mtDNA polymorphism and a clear phylogenetic distinction between the Atlantic and Gulf; menhaden showed extensive within-region polymorphism and a paraphyletic relationship between Atlantic and Gulf populations; and sturgeon exhibited very low mtDNA diversity both within regions and overall. Evolutionary effective sizes of the female populations (N f (e)) estimated from the mtDNA data ranged fromN f (e) = 50 (Gulf of Mexico sturgeon) toN f (e) = 800 000 (Atlantic menhaden), and showed a strong rank-order agreement with the current-day census sizes of these species. The relationship betweenN f (e) and the estimated times of divergence (t) among mtDNA lineages (from conventional clock calibrations) predicts the observed phylogenetic distinction between Atlantic and Gulf sea bass, as well as the paraphyletic pattern in menhaden, provided the populations have been separated by the same long-standing zoogeographic barriers thought to have influenced other coastal taxa in the southeastern USA. However, vicariant scenarios alone cannot explain other phylogenetic aspects of the menhaden (and sturgeon) mtDNA data and, for these species, recent gene flow between the Atlantic and Gulf coasts is strongly implicated. These data are relevant to management and conservation issues for these species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01313418
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