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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (37)
  • Organic Chemistry  (13)
  • Engineering General  (12)
  • Molecular Sequence Data  (10)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (9)
  • 1990-1994  (77)
  • 1935-1939  (4)
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  • 1
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    Three-dimensional structures of the ligand-binding domain of the bacterial aspartate receptor with and without a ligand (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-12-09
    Description: The three-dimensional structure of an active, disulfide cross-linked dimer of the ligand-binding domain of the Salmonella typhimurium aspartate receptor and that of an aspartate complex have been determined by x-ray crystallographic methods at 2.4 and 2.0 angstrom (A) resolution, respectively. A single subunit is a four-alpha-helix bundle with two long amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal helices and two shorter helices that form a cylinder 20 A in diameter and more than 70 A long. The two subunits in the disulfide-bonded dimer are related by a crystallographic twofold axis in the apo structure, but by a noncrystallographic twofold axis in the aspartate complex structure. The latter structure reveals that the ligand binding site is located more than 60 A from the presumed membrane surface and is at the interface of the two subunits. Aspartate binds between two alpha helices from one subunit and one alpha helix from the other in a highly charged pocket formed by three arginines. The comparison of the apo and aspartate complex structures shows only small structural changes in the individual subunits, except for one loop region that is disordered, but the subunits appear to change orientation relative to each other. The structures of the two forms of this protein provide a step toward understanding the mechanisms of transmembrane signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Milburn, M V -- Prive, G G -- Milligan, D L -- Scott, W G -- Yeh, J -- Jancarik, J -- Koshland, D E Jr -- Kim, S H -- AI 30725/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK09765/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 29;254(5036):1342-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1660187" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Aspartic Acid/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Disulfides/analysis ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; *Receptors, Amino Acid ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*chemistry/metabolism ; Salmonella typhimurium/metabolism ; X-Ray Diffraction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    A synthetic HIV-1 protease inhibitor with antiviral activity arrests HIV-like particle maturation (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-01-26
    Description: A synthetic peptidemimetic substrate of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) protease with a nonhydrolyzable pseudodipeptidyl insert at the protease cleavage site was prepared. The peptide U-81749 inhibited recombinant HIV-1 protease in vitro (inhibition constant Ki of 70 nanomolar) and HIV-1 replication in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (inhibitory concentration IC50 of 0.1 to 1 micromolar). Moreover, 10 micromolar concentrations of U-81749 significantly inhibited proteolysis of the HIV-1 gag polyprotein (p55) to the mature viral structural proteins p24 and p17 in cells infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the HIV-1 gag-pol genes. The HIV-1 like particles released from inhibitor-treated cells contained almost exclusively p55 and other gag precursors, but not p24. Incubation of HIV-like particles recovered from drug-treated cultures in drug-free medium indicated that inhibition of p55 proteolysis was at least partially reversible, suggesting that U-81749 was present within the particles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McQuade, T J -- Tomasselli, A G -- Liu, L -- Karacostas, V -- Moss, B -- Sawyer, T K -- Heinrikson, R L -- Tarpley, W G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jan 26;247(4941):454-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Infectious Disease Research Unit, Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, MI 49001.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2405486" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antiviral Agents/*pharmacology ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Endopeptidases/*metabolism ; Fusion Proteins, gag-pol/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Products, gag/metabolism ; HIV Protease ; HIV-1/*drug effects/genetics/physiology ; Humans ; Lymphocytes/microbiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Structure ; Oligopeptides/*pharmacology ; Protease Inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Protein Precursors/metabolism ; RNA, Viral/metabolism ; Transfection ; Virus Replication/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Atomic structure of the cubic core of the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-03-20
    Description: The highly symmetric pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complexes have molecular masses ranging from 5 to 10 million daltons. They consist of numerous copies of three different enzymes: pyruvate dehydrogenase, dihydrolipoyl transacetylase, and lipoamide dehydrogenase. The three-dimensional crystal structure of the catalytic domain of Azotobacter vinelandii dihydrolipoyl transacetylase has been determined at 2.6 angstrom (A) resolution. Eight trimers assemble as a hollow truncated cube with an edge of 125 A, forming the core of the multienzyme complex. Coenzyme A must enter the 29 A long active site channel from the inside of the cube, and lipoamide must enter from the outside. The trimer of the catalytic domain of dihydrolipoyl transacetylase has a topology identical to chloramphenicol acetyl transferase. The atomic structure of the 24-subunit cube core provides a framework for understanding all pyruvate dehydrogenase and related multienzyme complexes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mattevi, A -- Obmolova, G -- Schulze, E -- Kalk, K H -- Westphal, A H -- de Kok, A -- Hol, W G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Mar 20;255(5051):1544-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1549782" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Azotobacter vinelandii/enzymology ; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase/genetics ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Structure ; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex/*chemistry/genetics ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    EGF receptor and erbB-2 tyrosine kinase domains confer cell specificity for mitogenic signaling (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-04-06
    Description: The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) can efficiently couple with mitogenic signaling pathways when it is transfected into interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent 32D hematopoietic cells. When expression vectors for erbB-2, which is structurally related to EGFR, or its truncated counterpart, delta NerbB-2, were introduced into 32D cells, neither was capable of inducing proliferation. This was despite overexpression and constitutive tyrosine kinase activity of their products at levels associated with potent transformation of fibroblast target cells. Thus, EGFR and erbB-2 couple with distinct mitogenic signaling pathways. The region responsible for the specificity of intracellular signal transduction was localized to a 270-amino acid stretch encompassing their respective tyrosine kinase domains. Thus, tissue- or cell-specific regulation of growth factor receptor signaling can occur at a point after the initial interaction of growth factor with receptor. Such specificity in signal transduction may account for the selection of certain oncogenes in some malignancies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Di Fiore, P P -- Segatto, O -- Taylor, W G -- Aaronson, S A -- Pierce, J H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Apr 6;248(4951):79-83.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2181668" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; DNA/genetics ; DNA, Recombinant ; Fibroblasts/cytology/metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Vectors ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Immunoblotting ; Mice ; *Mitogens ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics/*physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/genetics/*physiology ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    CD26 antigen and HIV fusion? (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-05-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Broder, C C -- Nussbaum, O -- Gutheil, W G -- Bachovchin, W W -- Berger, E A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 May 20;264(5162):1156-9; author reply 1162-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7909959" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD4/*physiology ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/*physiology ; Base Sequence ; *Cell Fusion ; Cell Line ; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 ; Gene Products, env/*physiology ; Giant Cells/physiology ; HIV-1/*physiology ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; Molecular Sequence Data
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Regulation of the Ets-related transcription factor Elf-1 by binding to the retinoblastoma protein (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-05-28
    Description: The retinoblastoma gene product (Rb) is a nuclear phosphoprotein that regulates cell cycle progression. Elf-1 is a lymphoid-specific Ets transcription factor that regulates inducible gene expression during T cell activation. In this report, it is demonstrated that Elf-1 contains a sequence motif that is highly related to the Rb binding sites of several viral oncoproteins and binds to the pocket region of Rb both in vitro and in vivo. Elf-1 binds exclusively to the underphosphorylated form of Rb and fails to bind to Rb mutants derived from patients with retinoblastoma. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated an association between Elf-1 and Rb in resting normal human T cells. After T cell activation, the phosphorylation of Rb results in the release of Elf-1, which is correlated temporally with the activation of Elf-1-mediated transcription. Overexpression of a phosphorylation-defective form of Rb inhibited Elf-1-dependent transcription during T cell activation. These results demonstrate that Rb interacts specifically with a lineage-restricted Ets transcription factor. This regulated interaction may be important for the coordination of lineage-specific effector functions such as lymphokine production with cell cycle progression in activated T cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, C Y -- Petryniak, B -- Thompson, C B -- Kaelin, W G -- Leiden, J M -- R01 AI29673-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 May 28;260(5112):1330-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL 60637.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8493578" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Eye Neoplasms/genetics ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; Phosphorylation ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Retinoblastoma/genetics ; Retinoblastoma Protein/*metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Azofarbstoffe und Immunbiologie. Aufhebung anaphylaktischer Azoprotein-Überempfindlichkeit durch p-Phenyl-arsinsäure-azofarbstoffe (1937)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 20 (1937), S. 1059-1077 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Azoprotein (sowohl in vitro hergestelltes als in vivo entstehendes) enthält entsprechend der Annahme von Pauly die Azo-gruppierung —N=N—.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.193702001152
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological changes in the oocyte and its surrounding vestments during in vivo fertilization in the dasyurid marsupial sminthopsis crassicaudata (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 204 (1990), S. 177-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This light and transmission electron microscopical study shows that the first polar body is given off before ovulation and that part of its cell membrane and that of the surrounding oocyte have long microvilli at the time of its ejection. Several layers of cumulus cells initially surround the secondary oocyte and first polar body, but the ovulated oocytes in the oviducts in the process of being fertilized do not have cumulus cells around them. Partly expelled second polar bodies occur in the oviduct; they are elongated structures that lack organelles and have electron-dense nuclei. A small fertilization cone appears to form around the sperm tail at the time of sperm entry into the egg and an incorporation cone develops around the sperm head in the egg cytoplasm. In three fertilized eggs a small hole was seen in the zona, which was presumably formed by the spermatozoon during penetration. Cortical granules, present in ovarian oocytes, are not seen in fertilized tubal or uterine eggs; release of their contents probably reduces the chances of polyspermy, although at least one polyspermic fertilized egg was seen and several other fertilized eggs had spermatozoa within the zona pellucida. In the zygote the pronuclei come to lie close together, but there was no evidence of fusion. A “yolk mass,” which becomes eccentric before ovulation, is extruded by the time the two-cell embryos are formed, but many vacuoles remain in the non-yolky pole of the egg. A shell membrane of variable thickness is present around all uterine eggs but its origin remains undetermined.
    Additional Material: 51 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052040207
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyisobutylene-containing block polymers by sequential monomer addition. IV. New triblock thermoplastic elastomers comprising high Tg styrenic glassy segments: Synthesis, characterization and physical propertiesFor Parts I and II of this series, see Ref. 2; For Part III, see Polym. Prepr., 23 (1), 310 (1991); Part LXV of the series of Living Carbocationic Polymerization. (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 41-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: thermoplastic elastomer ; carbocationic polymerization ; polyisobutylene ; living polymerization ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New linear triblock thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) comprising a rubbery polyisobutylene (PIB) midblock flanked by two glassy endblocks of various styrenic polymers have been synthesized by living carbocationic polymerization by sequential monomer addition. First isobutylene (IB) was polymerized by a bifunctional tert-ether (dicumyl methyl ether) initiator in conjunction with TiCl4 coinitiator in CH3Cl/methylcyclohexane (MeCHx) (40/60 v/v) solvent mixtures at -80°C. After the living narrow molecular weight distribution PIB midblock ($\[\bar M_n\]$ = 1.1-1.2) has reached the desired molecular weight, the styrenic monomers together with an electron pair donor (ED) and a proton trap (di-tert-butylpyridine, DtBP) were added to start the blocking of the glassy segments from the living ⊕PIB⊕ chain ends. While p-methylstyrene (pMeSt), p-t-butylstyrene (ptBuSt) and indene (In) gave essentially 100% blocking to the corresponding glassy endblocks, the blocking of 2,4,6-trimethylstyrene (TMeSt) and α-methylstyrene (αMeSt) were ineffective. Uncontrolled initiation by protic impurities was prevented by the use of DtBP. In the simultaneous presence of DtBP and the strong ED N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA), TPEs with good mechanical properties (10-20 MPa tensile strength, 300-600% elongation) were prepared. The products exhibit a low and a high temperature Tg characteristic of phase separated rubbery and glassy domains. The service temperature of these new TPEs exceeds that of PSt-PIB-PSt triblock copolymers due to the higher Tgs (PpMeSt = 108, PptBuSt = 142 and PIn = 220-240°C) of the outer blocks. The Tg of the glassy blocks can be regulated by copolymerizing two styrene derivatives; a triblock copolymer with outer blocks of poly(pt-butylstyrene-co-indene) showed a single glassy transition Tg = +165°C, i.e., in between that of PptBuSt and PIn. Virgin TPEs have been repeatedly compression molded without deterioration of physical properties. The high melt flow index obtained with a TPE containing PptBuSt endblocks suggests superior processability relative to those with PSt end-blocks. The tensile strength retention at 60°C of the former TPE is far superior to that of a PSt-PIB-PSt triblock of similar composition.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080300105
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyisobutylene-containing block polymers by sequential monomer addition. II. Polystyrene-polyisobutylene-polystyrene triblock polymers: Synthesis, characterization, and physical propertiesPaper XLI in the series “Living Carbocationic Polymerization.” (1991)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 29 (1991), S. 427-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New linear and three-arm star thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) comprising a rubbery polysobutylene (PIB) midblock flanked by glass polystyrene (PSt) blocks have been synthesized by living carbocationic polymerization in the presence of select additives by sequential monomer addition. First, isobutylene (IB) was polymerized by bi- and trifunctional tert-ether (dicumyl- and tricumyl methoxy) initiators in conjunction with TiCl4 conintiator in CH3Cl/methylcyclohexane (MeCHx) (40/60 v/v) solvent mixtures at -80°C. After the living, narrow molecular weight, distribution PIB (M̄w/M̄n = 1.1-1.2) has reached the desired molecular weight, styrene (St) together with an electron pair donor (ED) and a proton trap (di-tert-butylpyridine, DtBP) were added to block PSt from the living chain ends. Uncontrolled initiation by protic impurities that produces PSt contamination is prevented by the use of DtBP. PSt-PIB-PSt blocks obtained in the absence of additives are contaminated by homopolymer and /or diblocks due to inefficient blocking and initiation by protic impurities, and exhibit poor physical properties. In contrast in the presence of the strong ED N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) and DtBP the blocking of St from living PIB chain occurs efficiently and block copolymers exhibiting good mechanical properties can be prepared. Virgin TPEs can be repeatedly compression molded without deterioration of physical properties. The products exhibit a low and a high temperature Tg characteristic of phase separated PIB and PSt domains. Transmission electron microscopy of linear triblocks containing ∼ 34 wt % PSt also indicates microphase separation and suggests PSt rods dispersed in a PIB matrix.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1991.080290316
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