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  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (46)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (39)
  • 1990-1994  (85)
  • 1935-1939
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous production of gluconic acid and sorbitol from Jerusalem artichoke and glucose using an oxidoreductase of Zymomonas mobilis and inulinase (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 39 (1992), S. 336-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Gluconic acid and sorbitol were simultaneously produced from glucose and Jerusalem artichoke using a glucose-fructose oxidoreductase of Zymomonas mobilis and inulinase. Inulinase was immobilized on chitin by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. Cells of Z. mobilis permeabilized with toluene were coimmobilized with chitin-immobilized inulinase in alginate beads. The optimum amounts of both chitin-immobilized inulinase and permeabilized cells for coimmobilization were determined, and operational conditions were optimized. In a continuous stirred tank reactor operation, the maximum productivities for gluconic acid and sorbitol were about 19.2 and 21.3 g/L/h, respectively, at the dilution rate of 0.23 h-1 and the substrate concentration of 20%, but operational stability was low because of the abrasion of the beads. As an approach to increase the operational stability, a recycle packed-bed reactor (RPBR) was employed. In RPBR operation, the maximum productivities for gluconic acid and sorbitol were found to be 23.4 and 26.0 g/L/h, respectively, at the dilution rate of 0.35 h-1 and the substrate concentration of 20% when the recirculation rate was fixed at 900 mL/h. Coimmobilized enzymes were stable for 250 h in a recycle packed-bed reactor without any loss of activity, while half-life in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) was observed to be about 150 h.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260390312
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymatic production of cyclodextrins from milled corn starch in an ultrafiltration membrane bioreactor (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 41 (1993), S. 88-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: cyclodextrins ; cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) ; product inhibition ; ultrafiltration membrane bioreactor ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) was found to be severely inhibited by cyclodextrins. In order to increase the conversion yield by reducing product inhibition and reuse the CGTase in the production of cyclodextrins from milled corn starch, an ultrafiltration membrane bioreactor system was employed. In a batch operation with ultrafiltration, the conversion yield was increased 57% compared with that without ultrafiltration. Operating conditions for the continuous production of cyclodextrins in the membrane bioreactor were optimized by taking into consideration the filtration rate and the conversion yield as follows: initial starch concentration, 7% (w/v); starch feeding rate, 240 mg/h; CGTase loading, 350 units/initial gram starch. When cyclodextrins were continuously produced in the membrane bioreactor under optimized conditions, 340 units of CGTase was require to produce 1 g of cyclodextrins for 48 h, while in the case of conventional batch operation, 1 g of cyclodextrins was produced for 24 h by 1410 units of CGTase. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260410112
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth kinetics of the photosynthetic bacterium Chlorobium thiosulfatophilum in a fed-batch reactor (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 40 (1992), S. 583-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: H2S removel ; photosynthetic bacteria ; growth kinetics ; fed-batch reactor ; light attenuation effect ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Hydrogen sulfide dissolved in water can be converted to elementary sulfur or sulfate by the photosynthetic bacterium Chlorobium thiosulfatophilum. Substrate inhibition occurred at sulfide concentrations above 5.7 mM. Light inhibition was found at average light intensities of 40,000 lux in a sulfide concentration of 5 mM, where no substrate inhibition occurred. Light intensity, the most important growth parameter, was attenuated through both scattering by sulfur particles and absorption by the cells. Average cell and sulfur particle sizes were 1.1 and 9.4 μm, respectively. Cells contributed 10 times as much to the turbidity as sulfur particles of the same weight concentration. The light attenuation factor was mathematically modeled, considering both the absorption and scattering effects based on the Beer-Lambert law and the Rayleigh theory, which were introduced to the cell growth model. Optimal operational conditions relating feed rate vs. light intensity were obtained to suppress the accumulation of sulfate and sulfide and save light energy for 2- and 4-L fed-batch reactors. Light intensity should be greater for the same performance (H2S removal rate/unit cell concentration) in larger reactors due to the scaleup effect on light transmission. Knowledge of appropriate growth kinetics in photosynthetic fed-batch reactors was essential to increase feed rate and light intensity and therefore cell growth. A mathematical model was developed that describes the cell growth by considering the light attenuation factor due to scattering and absorption and the crowding effect of the cells. This model was in good agreement with the experimental results. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260400505
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collisionally-activated dissociation of methane molecular ion. Analysis of a mass-analysed ion kinetic energy peak shape (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 4 (1990), S. 327-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Collisionally-activated dissociation (CAD) of methane molecular ion to methyl ion is studied in the kiloelectronvolt collision energy region by mass-analysed ion kinetic energy (MIKE) spectrometry. The CAD-MIKE peak shape was deconvoluted using the algorithm developed previously. The kinetic energy release distribution evaluated from the deconvoluted peak shape exhibits a bimodal feature. This is attributed to the participation of two different mechanisms for collisional activation, leading to electronic and vibrational excitations, respectively.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290040907
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of a mass-analysed ion kinetic energy peak profile for a metastable ion decomposition occurring in a collision cell floated at high voltage (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 5 (1991), S. 25-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A numerical method has been developed to obtain the kinetic energy release distribution from a mass-analysed ion kinetic energy peak profile for a metastable ion decomposition occurring in a collision cell floated at high voltage. The method has been applied to the unimolecular dissociation of the tert-butylbenzene molecular ion. The kinetic energy release distribution thus obtained was nearly invariant to the applied voltage. Peak tailing due to dissociation in the field region could be reproduced adequately The method may be useful for the investigation of unimolecular ion decomposition in narrow time- and energy-windows.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290050107
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass spectra of some phenylphosphinosilanes (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 898-901 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The 70 eV electron-impact low resolution spectra of Me3SiPPh2, (Me3Si)3SiPPh2, and (Me3Si)2(Me)SiP(Me)(Ph) were investigated. The migration of two phenyl groups from phosphorous to a silicon site was observed and the unimolecular mass-analysed ion kinetic energy spectra indicated that the migration occurred in [M — CH3]+ ions rather than in M+· ions. The benzene eliminations from the M+· and [M — CH3]+ ions of Me3SiPPh2 were observed not in the EI spectrum, but in their MIKE spectra.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290071009
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Raman scattering of α-toluenethiol adsorbed on silver sol (1991)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 22 (1991), S. 339-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of α-toluenethiol adsorbed on a silver surface has been investigated. The controversial vibrational assignment of the molecule was refined by comparing the SERS spectra with the ordinary Raman spectra of α-toluenethiol, α-toluenethiolate, benzyl chloride and their deuterated species. Based on the assignment and the SERS selection rule, it is proposed that α-toluenethiol is adsorbed as a thiolate on silver via its sulphur atom with both the methylene group and benzene ring oriented approximately parallel to the metal surface.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1250220607
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-pressure Raman study of fullerite C60 (1992)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 23 (1992), S. 311-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: High-pressure Raman spectra of fullerite, a solid form of C60, were measured at pressures up to 4 GPa and room temperature. A change of slope (dv/dP) of the frequency-pressure plots for the Ag pentagonal pinch mode and the Ag breathing mode was observed at 1.3 GPa, where a solid-solid phase transition might occur. The phase transition was observed to be irreversible. The pressure dependence of the Raman mode frequency and the phase transition are discussed in terms of an orientational ordering transition in fullerite.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1250230511
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface-enhanced Raman spectra of thiourea in acidic solutions (1993)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 24 (1993), S. 77-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of thiourea [SC(NH2)2] was studied in acidic solutions of 0.1 M H2SO4 and 0.1 M HCl. Very strong SERS bands of thiourea were observed in the acidic solutions, in contrast to very weak SERS spectra of thiourea in standard SERS solutions employing K2SO4 or KCl. Thiourea seems to have a strong and stable surface adsorption at a silver electrode in the acidic solutions where protonation and anionic co-adsorption may enhance this surface stability of thiourea.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1250240204
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of adsorption and decomposition of 4-(methylthio)benzonitrile on a silver surface by Raman spectroscopy (1993)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 24 (1993), S. 213-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of 4-(methylthio)benzonitrile (4MTB) adsorbed on a silver surface was investigated. The molecule was found to adsorb on the surface via its sulphur atom and nitrile group. By reference to the spectral correlation scheme in coordination chemistry, surface binding of the latter group was concluded to occur through both s̰ donation and π back-donation. The benzene ring of 4MTB was deduced to be tilted with respect to the surface plane. In the adsorbed state, 4MTB was also observed to undergo surface-induced photoreaction. The reaction product, presumably p-cyanophenyl mercaptide, appeared to assume a much flatter orientation than its precursor due to stronger interaction of the mercaptide with the surface than that of sulphide.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1250240406
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