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  • Trp fluorescence  (3)
  • 78.90.+t  (2)
  • Springer  (5)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Geophysical Union
  • Cell Press
  • MDPI
  • Wiley
  • 1990-1994  (5)
  • 1935-1939
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (5)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Geophysical Union
  • Cell Press
  • MDPI
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Years
  • 1990-1994  (5)
  • 1935-1939
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early stages of laser mixing process in Sb/Ge multilayer thin films (1993)
    Springer
    Applied physics 56 (1993), S. 132-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 64.75.+g ; 78.90.+t ; 81.40.-z
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The onset of mixing at the interfaces between Sb and Ge in thin multilayered films containing two or four layers has been studied. The films were irradiated with nanosecond laser pulses in order to trigger mixing, and in situ reflectivity measurements were used to follow the transformation in real-time. Cross sectional transmission electron microscopy analysis was used to study both the structure and the composition profile before and after irradiation. A threshold irradiation energy exists for the onset of mixing, below which roughening of the interface between the layers is observed, together with recrystallization of the surface Sb layer following melting. The results are consistent with a melting/diffusion process which is inhomogeneously nucleated at the interface between the top Sb and Ge layers. Once mixing is initiated an amorphous Sb-Ge layer of constant thickness is formed, corresponding to mixing along a well defined planar melt front. Voids are observed at the former Sb/Ge interface, which may be related to interfacial stress in the as-grown configuration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00517680
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural ripple formation in Ge/Sb multilayers induced by laser irradiation (1994)
    Springer
    Applied physics 58 (1994), S. 197-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 64.75.+g ; 78.90.+t ; 81.40.−z
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Thin multilayer films (Ge/Sb/Ge/Sb/Si substrate) have been irradiated with single nanosecond laser pulses (λ=193 nm). Real-Time Reflectivity (RTR) measurements have been used to follow the transformation in situ and cross-sectional transmission electron microscope analysis was used to study both the microstructure and the composition profile before and after irradiation. Melting and mixing are both found to nucleate at preferential sites in the upper Ge/Sb interface. During this process the film surface topography changes in a way not previously seen, and rippling of the film is observed due to lateral mass flow induced in the Sb layer underneath the surface, most probably arising from volume changes upon melting. For the highest irradiation energy densities, melting of the whole multilayer configuration takes place, the ripples are no longer observed, and following cooling and solidification, a mixed amorphous GeSb film is formed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332179
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy transfer from tryptophan residues of proteins to 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonate (1994)
    Springer
    The protein journal 13 (1994), S. 635-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4943
    Keywords: Trp fluorescence ; energy transfer ; 8-anilinonaphthalene sulfonate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The binding of the apolar fluorescent dye 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonate (ANS) to bovine serum albumin (BSA), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), ovalbumin, lysozyme, cobrotoxin and N-acetyltryptophanamide was used to assess the factors affecting the efficiency of energy transfer from Trp residues to the ANS molecule. We found that the efficiency of energy transfer from Trp residues to ANS was associated with the ability of proteins to enhance the ANS fluorescence. At the same molar concentration of protein, BSA enhanced ANS fluorescence most among these proteins; its Trp fluorescence was drastically quenched by the addition of ANS. Fluorescence enhancement of ANS in PLA2-ANS complex increased upon addition of Ca2+ or change of the buffer to acidicpH, resulting in a higher efficiency of energy transfer from Trp residues to ANS. There was limited ANS fluorescence enhancement with ovalbumin, lysozyme, cobrotoxin, and N-acetyltryptophanamide and a less efficient quenching in Trp fluorescence. The capabilities of proteins for binding with ANS correlated with the decrease in their Trp fluorescence being quenching by ANS. However, the microenvironment surrounding Trp residues of proteins did not affect the energy transfer. Based on these results, the factors that affected the energy transfer from Trp residues to ANS are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01890462
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural determinants of the intrinsic fluorescence emission in notexin and phospholipase A2 enzymes (1993)
    Springer
    The protein journal 12 (1993), S. 579-583 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4943
    Keywords: Notexin ; phospholipase A2 ; Trp fluorescence ; fluorescence quenching
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Fluorescence measurements of the homologous proteins, notexin and PLA2 enzymes fromNaja naja atra, Naja nigricollis, and Hemachatus haemachatus venoms, showed that the wavelength of maximum emission and the quantum yield of their intrinsic fluorescence emission spectra were different. To verify the factors which affected their fluorescence characteristics, the dynamics of tryptophan residues in those homologous proteins were studied by quenching with acrylamide, iodide, and cesium. The degrees of exposure of tryptophanyl groups in notexin and PLA2 enzymes assessed by acrylamide quenching were found to be the major factor that determined their fluorescence characteristics. However, the positively charged groups surrounding tryptophan residues of PLA2 enzymes fromN. naja atra andN. nigricollis venoms might affect the quantum yield of their fluorophores. Tryptophan residues of notexin were in an environment with less fluctuation, which did not allow free diffusion of ionic quencher. This might render its typtophan residues to fluoresce at a shorter wavelength. These results suggested that the structural determinants affecting the intrinsic fluorescence emission of homologous proteins can be easily assessed by quenching studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01025122
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The essentiality of B chain in stabilizing the structure of the A chain in β1-bungarotoxin fromBungarus multicinctus venom (1994)
    Springer
    The protein journal 13 (1994), S. 233-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4943
    Keywords: Snake venom ; Trp fluorescence ; Β 1-bungarotoxin ; role of the B chain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The dynamic of Trp residue inΒ 1-bungarotoxin (gb 1-Bgt), the A chain ofΒ 1-Bgt and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) was assessed by fluorescence measurement. Acrylamide quenching studies showed that the exposure degree of the Trp in PLA2 is higher than the Trp inΒ 1-Bgt. The Trp ofΒ 1-Bgt had a higher accessibility for iodide, reflecting that the basic nature of the B chain might exert an attractive electrostatic force for iodide and increase the susceptibility of Trp in the A chain to iodide. Removal of the B chain ofΒ 1-Bgt did not significantly affect the exposure degree of Trp in the A chain. Alternatively, the polarity of the environment around the Trp and the hydrophobic character of ANS and substrate binding sites in the separated A chain changed. Measurement of Trp fluorescence with increasing temperature showed that the stability of structure ofΒ 1-Bgt was higher than those of the separated A chain and PLA2. These results suggest that the B chain might interact with the A chain and stabilize the conformation of the A chain inΒ 1-Bgt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01891981
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