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  • GEOPHYSICS  (15)
  • Organic Chemistry  (13)
  • 1990-1994  (24)
  • 1945-1949  (4)
  • 1
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    MLS CLO observations and arctic polar vortex temperatures (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: Analysis of Upper Altmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) observations in early January 1992 shows a clear relationship between predicted polar stratospheric cloud formation along the back trajectory and elevated ClO amounts. These findings are in good agreement with aircraft observations. The MLS observed variation of ClO amounts within the vortex also fits the pattern of ClO change as a result of air parcel solar exposure and nitric acid photolysis. Outside the polar vortex, the occasional highly elevated ClO appear statistically consistent with MLS measurement noise.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 20; 24; p. 2861-2864
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Accuracy of total ozone retrieval from NOAA SBUV/2 measurements: Impact of instrument performance (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NOAA/NESDIS) has been collecting and evaluating the solar backscattered ultraviolet (SBUV/2) instrument data from NOAA 9 and NOAA 11 spacecraft since March 1985. Over 5 years (March 1985 to October 1990) of NOAA 9 (version 5.0) and over 4 years (January 1989 to June 1993) of NOAA 11 (version 6.0) reprocessed data are now available to the scientific community to study geophysical phenomena involving ozone. This paper examines the impact of the instrument performance on total ozone retrieval from the two instruments. We estimate that at the end of October 1990 the total postlaunch error for NOAA 9 due to instrument alone is -2.2%. A significant fraction of this error (-1.9%) is due to diffuser degradation which is not accounted for in the version 5 reprocessing. The estimate for NOAA 11 total postlaunch instrument error, at the end of June 1993, is -0.4%.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 99; D11; p. 22,975-22,984
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
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    Northern hemisphere mid-stratosphere vortex processes diagnosed from H2O, N2O and potential vorticity (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) H2O Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer (CLAES) N2O and potential vorticity calculated from UK Meteorological Office data are used to study mid-stratospheric vortex processes in the northern hemisphere winter of 1991-1992. Areas of moist air (at approx. 20 hPa) and N2O-poor air (at approx. 10hPa) are well-correlated with high values of potential vorticity and there is little or no large scale mixing across the vortex edge. We find evidence for the descent of relatively dry mesospheric air to the 840 K (approx. 10 hPa) level, as well as descent of moist air from the upper stratosphere to the 655 K (approx. 20 hPa) level. A reduction in the areas of the vortex and both the moist and H2O-poor regions is observed and there is evidence of moist and N2O-poor air parcels being extruded from the vortex.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 20; 23; p. 2671-2674
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
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    Comparison of column abundances from three infrared spectrometers during AASE 2 (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Three Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectromenters were based on board the NASA DC-8 during the second Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition (AASE II) in 1992. Two FTIRs used solar absorption and one used thermal emission. We compare over 2000 measurements from these 3 FTIRs, on 12 DC-8 flights, for closely coincident air masses and times, both inside and outside the polar vortex. In the majority of cases the offset biases are quite small, in the range 1-4%, and comparable to the absolute precisions expected. In most cases the rms scatter is in the range 4-11%; this scatter is unlikely to be geophysical, but rather is probably instrumental or analytical in origin.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 21; 23; p. 2591-2594
    Format: text
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Die Krystallstruktur der kubischen Modifikation von organischen Verbindungen mit kugelförmigen Molekeln (1947)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 30 (1947), S. 1782-1783 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19470300646
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  • 6
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    AASE-2 observations of trace carbon species distributions in the mid to upper troposphere (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: We report tropospheric (altitudes greater than 5 km) observations of CO2, CO, CH4, and light hydrocarbons (C2-C4) over the latitude range from 90 deg N to 23 deg S recorded onboard the NASA DC-8 aircraft during the winter 1992 Second Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition (AASE-2). Mixing ratios for these species exhibited significant north-south gradients with maximum values in subpolar and arctic regions and minima over the southern tropics. At latitudes greater than 40 deg N, the mixing ratios of most species increased significantly over the course of the 3-month measurement period. Also at high northern latitudes, the variations of all relatively long-lived reactive carbon species were linearly correlated with fluctuations of CO2 with CO, CH4, C2H6, C2H2, C3H8, and n-C4H10 exhibiting average enhancement ratios in terms of ppbv(X)/ppmb(CO2) of 13.8, 8.4, 0.21, 0.075, 0.085, and 0.037, respectively.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 20; 22; p. 2539-2542
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Reevaluation of the NOAA/CMDL carbon monoxide reference scale and comparisons with CO reference gases at NASA-Langley and the Fraunhofer Institut (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: The carbon monoxide (CO) reference scale created by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (NOAA/CMDL) is used to quantify measurements of CO in the atmosphere, calibrate standards of other laboratories and to otherwise provide reference gases to the community measuring atmospheric CO. This reference scale was created based upon a set of primary standards prepared by gravimetric methods at CMDL and has been propagated to a set of working standards. In this paper we compare CO mixing ratios assigned to the working standards by three approaches: (1) calibration against the original gravimetric standards, (2) calibration using only working standards as the reference gas, and (3) calibration against three new gravimetric standards prepared to CMDL. The agreement between these values was typically better than 1%. The calibration histories of CMDL working standards are reviewed with respect to expected rates of CO change in the atmosphere. Using a Monte Carlo approach to simulate the effect of drifting standards on calculated mixing ratios, we conclude that the error solely associated with the maintenance of standards will limit the ability to detect small CO changes in the atmosphere. We also report results of intercalibration experiments conducted between CMDL and the Diode Laser Sensor Group (DACOM) at the NASA Langley Research Center (Hampton, Virginia), and CMDL and the Fraunhofer-Institut (Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany). Each laboratory calibrated several working standards for CO using their reference gases, and these results were compared to calibrations conducted by CMDL. The intercomparison of eight standards (CO concentrations between approximately 100 and approximately 165 ppb) by CMDL and NASA agreed to better than +/- 2%. The calibration of six standards (CO concentrations between approximately 50 and approximately 210 ppb) by CMDL and the Fraunhofer-Institut agreed to within +/- 2% for four standards, and to within +/- 5% for all six standards.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 99; D6; p. 12,833-12,839
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
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    Meridional distributions of NO(X), NO(Y), and other species in the lower statosphere and upper troposphere during AASE 2 (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: The meridional distribution of NO(x) in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere is inferred form 10 flights of the NASA DC-8 in the northern winter of 1992 along with like distributions of NO(y), NO(x)/NO(y), CO, and C2Cl4. In the lowest few km of the stratosphere there is little vertical gradient in NO(x) over the range of latitiudes measured (40 deg-90 deg N). There is a substantial latitudinal gradient, with 50 pptv above the pole and 120 pptv near 40 deg N. In the uppermost few km of the troposphere, background values range from 30 pptv over the pole to 90 pptv near 40 deg N. On two occasions higher values, up to 140 pptv in the mean, were seen 2-3 km below the tropopause in association with frontal systems. The meridional distributions of CO and C2Cl4 show the same feature, suggesting that the source of the elevated NO(x) is near the earth's system.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 21; 23; p. 2583-2586
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    The role of airborne eddy correlation measurements in global change studies (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: We have obtained measurements of the mean and turbulent quantities of heat, moisture, momentum, O3, CO, and CH4 from an airborne platform. Species flux measurements obtained from these data provide unique regional-scale information which can be used to evaluate 'scaled-up' flux estimates based on smaller scale observations. Airborne flux data also provide a basis for assessing the uncertainties associated with large-scale ground level flux extrapolations. Airborne constituent budget analyses are possible with this suite of measurements. The local change in the mean value of a parameter can be explained in terms of horizontal advection, vertical turbulent transport, and, in the case of chemically reactive species (i.e., O3), in situ production or destruction. This technique is used to indicate a direct relationship between O3 precursors and the measured in situ production rate.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 14; 1; p. (1)183-(1)186
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Carbon monoxide over the Amazon Basin during the wet season (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Measurements of the distribution of carbon monoxide in the lower atmosphere (150-5000 m) over the Amazon region of Brazil during the wet season, taken in conjunction with the 1987 NASA Global Tropospheric Experiment/Amazon Boundary Layer Experiment (ABLE 2B), are analyzed. About 100 hr of airborne, in situ CO measurements were obtained using a tunable diode laser system, providing insights into factors influencing the basin-scale distribution of CO in the Amazonian troposphere during wet season conditions. Distribution of CO over the altitudes 0.15-4.5 km was influenced by such factors as surface emissions from biological sources and long-range transport of pollutants from Northern Hemisphere sources. It is noted that the disruption of mixed layer growth and decay processes has a particularly important influence on CO concentration in the daytime lower troposphere and that the correlation of CO with O3 was positive under conditions influenced by Northern Hemisphere air and negative under all other conditions observed.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 16927-16
    Format: text
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