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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    III. Yeast sequencing reports. Nucleotide sequence of 9·2 kb left of CRY1 on yeast chromosome III from strain ab972: Evidence for a ty insertion and functional analysis of open reading frame YCR28 (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 8 (1992), S. 805-812 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Chromosome III ; Ty insertion ; gene disruption ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We report the 9210 bp sequence from a segment of yeat chromosome III cloned from strain AB972 in λPM3270. Analysis of this sequence and its comparison with the one derived from the corresponding segment of strain XJ24-24A revealed that the AB972 region contains a duplication of about 2 kb and a Ty element, which are not found in XJ24-24A and cause a quite significant rearrangement of the whole region. We performed analysis of YCR28, the largest open reading frame we found in both AB972 and XJ24-24A. YCR28 encodes a putative protein of 512 amino acids with some similarities to yeast allontoate permease. Its disruption does not cause any detectable phenotype on rich medium or on allantoate medium, while we observed a strain-dependent effect on senstivity to amino acid balance and to 3-aminotriazole, when cells were grown in synthetic medium.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320080915
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yeast sequencing reports. Isolation and sequence analysis of a gene from the linear DNA plasmid pPAC1-2 of Pichia acaciae that shows similarity to a killer toxin gene of Kluyveromyces lactis (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 10 (1994), S. 403-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Yeast ; fungi ; zymocin ; promoter ; pGKL1 ; pGKL2 ; pSKL ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The toxin-encoding linear plasmid systems found in Pichia acaciae and Kluyveromyces lactis yeasts appear to be quite similar, both in function and structural organization. By Southern hybridization, a linear plasmid of P. acaciae, pPac1-2, was found to hybridize to the second open reading frame (ORF2) of K. lactis plasmid pGKL1, known to encode the α and β subunits of the K. lactis toxin. A 1·7 kbp segment of pPac1-2 DNA was cloned, sequenced and shown to contain four regions of strong homology to four similarly oriented regions of K. lactis ORF2. This 1·7 kbp fragment also contained an ORF of 1473 bp that could encode a protein of ∼ 55·8 kDa. Like the α subunit gene of K. lactis ORF2, a very hydrophobic region occurs at the N-terminus, perhaps representing a signal sequence for transport out of the cell. Unlike K. lactis ORF2, however, the encoded polypeptide is much smaller and lacks a recognizable domain common to chitinases. The structure of a toxin that includes the translation product of this P. acaciae ORF would likely be quite different from that of the K. lactis toxin. Analysis of the upstream region of the P. acaciae ORF revealed an upstream conserved sequence identical to that found before ORFs 8 and 9 of pGKL2. A possible hairpin loop structure, as has been described for each of the four K. lactis pGKL1 ORFs, was found just upstream of the presumed start codon. The similarity of the promoter-like elements found in the linear plasmid genes of these diverse yeasts reinforces the idea of the existence of a unique, but highly conserved, expression system for these novel plasmids. The sequence has been deposited in the GenBank data library under Accession Number U02596.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320100314
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and purification of the cell surface glycoprotein homologous to PsA in different species of cellular slime mold on the basis of a shared carbohydrate epitope (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990), S. 484-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Dictyostelium ; glycosylation ; cell adhesion ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The monoclonal antibodies MUD1 and MUD50 recognize peptide and carbohydrate epitopes, respectively, on the Dictyoste-lium discoideum developmentally regulated cell surface glycoprotein PsA. PsA is a putative pre-spore cell adhesion molecule during the slug stage and is anchored to the cell membrane via a phos-phatidylinositol glycan. Here we report on the presence of a PsA-like homolog in several Dictyo-stelium species. The MUD1 epitope is mostly confined to the D. discoideum complex, and only one non-D. discoideum strain reacted strongly with this antibody. By contrast, the mAb MUD50 recognises a homologous molecule in several Dictyostelium species that do not react with MUD1. With mAb MUD50 immunoaffinity chromatography, it was possible to purify and obtain an amino-terminal sequence for the PsA homolog from the Dictvoste-lium sp. strain ZA3A and from one strain of D. pur-pureum.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110525
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of fission line expression on the number and positioning of oral primordia in the cdaA1 mutant of Tetrahymena thermophila (1992)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 13 (1992), S. 216-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Tetrahymena ; partial cytokinesis ; Positioning ; cdaA1 mutant ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: During cytokinesis, furrowing creates new boundaries for daughter cells. Following a shift to a restrictive temperature, cells of the temperature-sensitive cell-division-arrest (cdaA1) mutant of Tetrahymena thermophila complete development of the oral apparatus for the prospective posterior daughter cell before becoming arrested in cytokinesis. When maintained under weak restrictive conditions (35°C), some of the chains were arrested prior to the start of fission line formation (D-shaped chains), whereas others manifested rudimentary unilateral furrowing on the ventral side (B-shaped chains). In their second cell cycle following the temperature shift, the D-shaped chains usually formed only one oral primordium, at a position highly correlated with the length of the entire chain. The B-shaped chains always produced two separate oral primordia, located at irregular positions anterior and posterior to the division furrow, often close to the posterior oral apparatus produced during the first cycle. These results suggest that the formation of the fission line sets a reference boundary to assess the number of oral primordia and influence their position, that appear during subsequent morphogenetic episodes. They also indicate that, during cell division cycles, pre-existing oral apparatuses do not strongly inhibit the formation of new oral apparatuses in their close vicinity. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020130307
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of the Dictyostelium glycogen phosphorylase 2 gene by cyclic AMP (1993)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 14 (1993), S. 313-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Dictyostelium ; glycogen phosphorylase ; gene regulation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A crucial developmental event in the cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium discoideum, is glycogen degradation. The enzyme that catalyzes this degradation, glycogen phosphorylase 2 (gp-2), is developmentally regulated and cAMP appears to be involved in this regulation. We have examined several aspects of the cAMP regulation of gp-2. We show that addition of exogenous cAMP to aggregation competent amoebae induced the appearance of gp-2 mRNA. The induction of gp-2 mRNA occurred within 1 and 1.5 h after the initial exposure to cAMP. Exposure to exogenous cAMP concentrations as low as 1.0 μM could induce gp-2 mRNA. We also examined the molecular mechanism through which cAMP induction of gp-2 occurs. Induction of gp-2 appears to result from a mechanism that does not require intracellular cAMP signaling, and may occur directly through a cAMP binding protein without the requirement of any intracellular signalling. We also examined the promoter region of the gp-2 gene for cis-acting elements that are involved in the cAMP regulation of gp-2. A series of deletions of the promoter were fused to a luciferase reporter gene and then analyzed for cAMP responsiveness. The results indicated that a region from -258 nucleotides to the transcriptional start site is sufficient for essentially full activity and appears to carry all necessary cis-acting sites for cAMP induction. Further deletion of 58 nucleotides from the 5′ end, results in fivefold less activity in the presence of cAMP. Deletion of the next 104 nucleotides eliminates the cAMP response entirely. © 1993Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020140409
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlated evolution of the cis-acting regulatory elements and developmental expression of the Drosophila Gld gene in seven species from the subgroup melanogaster (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 15 (1994), S. 38-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Evolution ; Drosophila ; promoter ; glucose dehydrogenase ; development ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The tissue-specific expression patterns of glucose dehydrogenase (GLD) exhibit a high degree of inter specific variation in the adult reproductive tract among the species in the genus Drosophila. We chose to focus on the evolution of GLD expression and the evolution of the Gld promoter in seven closely related species in the mela-nogaster subgroup as a means of elucidating the relationship of changes in cis-acting regulatory elements in the Gld promoter region with changes in tissue-specific expression. Although little variation in tissue-specific patterns of GLD was found in nonreproductive tissues during development, a surprisingly high level of variation was observed in the expression of GLD in both developing and ma-ture reproductive organs. In some cases this variation is correlated with changes in sequence elements in the Gld promoter which were previously shown to direct tissue-specific expression in the reproductive tract. In particular D. teissieri adult males do not express GLD in their ejaculatory ducts, atypical of the melanogaster subgroup species. The Gld promoter region of D. teissieri specifically lacks all three of the TTAGA regulatory elements present in D. melanogaster. The TTAGA elements were previously shown to direct reporter gene expression to the ejaculatory duct. Together these data suggest the absence or presence of the TTAGA elements may be responsible for variation in the absence or presence of GLD in the ejaculatory duct among species. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020150106
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    More mog genes that influence the switch from spermatogenesis to oogenesis in the hermaphrodite germ line of Caenorhabditis elegans (1993)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 14 (1993), S. 471-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Sex determination ; translational control ; germ line ; C. elegans ; mog genes ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The Caenorhobditis elegans XX animal possesses a hermaphrodite germ line, producing first sperm, then oocytes. In this paper, we report the genetic identification of five genes, mog-2, mog-3, mog-4, mog-5, and mog-6, that influence the hermaphrodite switch from sper-matogenesis to oogenesis. In mcg-2-mog-6 mutants, spermatogenesis continues past the time at which hermaphrodites normally switch into oogenesis and no oocytes are observed. Therefore, in these mutants, germ cells are transformed from a female fate (oocyte) to a male fate (sperm). The fem-3 gene is one of five genes that acts at the end of the germline sex determination pathway to direct spermatogenesis. Analyses of mog;fem-3 double mutants suggest that the mog-2-mog-6 genes act before fem-3; thus these genes may be in a position to negatively regulate fem-3 or one of the other terminal regulators of germline sex determination. Double mutants of fem-3 and any one of the mog mutations make oocytes. Using these double mutants, we show that oocytes from any mog;fem-3 double mutant are defective in their ability to support embryogenesis. This maternal effect lethality indicates that each of the mog genes is required for embryogenesis. The two defects in mog-2-mog-6 mutants are similar to those of mog-1: all six mog genes eliminate the sperm/oocyte switch in hermaphrodites and cause maternal effect lethality. We propose that the mog-2-mog-6 mutations identify genes that act with mog-1 to effect the sperm/oocyte switch. We further speculate that the mog-1-mog-6 mutations all interfere with translational controls of fem-3 and other maternal mRNAs. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020140608
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Screen for enhancers of Polycomb and Polycomblike in Drosophila melanogaster (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 15 (1994), S. 425-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Polycomb group ; homeotic ; spalt ; devenir ; Su(Pc)37D ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: There are 11 Polycomb group genes known in Drosophila. These genes are negative regulators of homeotic gene expression, and may act by modifying chromatin structure. It is not clear how many members of the Polycomb group of genes exist. Many were discovered because of their homeotic phenotypes, or because they enhance homeotic mutations. Systematic screens for enhancers of Polycomb have identified previously known members of the Polycomb group. In an attempt to discover cytological locations of new Polycomb group genes, we crossed deletions uncovering about 20% of the genome to Polycomb-like and Polycomb and scored for enhancement of the extra sex combs phenotype. Haploidy for four regions, 36F7-37A, 43E18; 44B5-9, 70C2-6, and 70C6-15; 70D enhanced the extra sex comb phenotype associated with strong Polycomb group mutations. These regions have homeotic phenotypes either as homozygous embryos or heterozy-gous adults, or both. We also show that spalt enhances Polycomb group mutations. These results are discussed with respect to previous estimates of Polycomb group gene number. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020150505
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epigenetic effects in eukaryotic gene expression (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 15 (1994), S. 458-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Epigenetic phenomena ; chromatin structure ; eukaryotes ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In the broadest terms, epigenetic phenomena in eukaryotes depend on the interaction of alleles or repeated sequences or on the mitotic inheritance of chromatin states or methylation patterns. One of the most exciting aspects of the study of epigenetic phenomena is the insight that can be gained into the structure and assembly of higher-order chromatin structures, an important subject that has proved refractory to current biochemical methodologies. Rapid progress in the study of gene inactivation in fungi, plants, and invertebrates will provide new hypotheses to be tested in mammals. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020150603
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Positional information and pattern formation in development (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 15 (1994), S. 485-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Pattern formation ; positional information ; periodic structures ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A widely used mechanism for pattern formation is based on positional information: cells acquire positional identities as in a coordinate system and then interpret this information according to their genetic constitution and developmental history. In Drosophila maternal factors establish the axes and set up a maternal system of positional information on which further patterning is built. There is a cascade of gene activity which leads both to the development of periodic structures, the segments, and to their acquiring a unique identity. This involves the binding of transcription factors to regulatory regions of genes to produce sharp thresholds. Many of the genes involved in these processes, particularly the Hox complex, are also involved in specifying the body axis and limbs of vertebrates. There are striking similarities in the mechanisms for spcifying and recording positional identity in Drosophila and vertebrates. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020150607
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