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  • Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry  (43)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (43)
  • Springer Nature
  • 1990-1994  (43)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contributing factors to reduced ecdysteroid titers in Heliothis virescens parasitized by Microplitis croceipes (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 13 (1990), S. 29-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: prothoracic gland ; JH esterase ; PTTH ; ecdysone 20-monooxygenase ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Heliothis virescens parasitized by Microplitis croceipes stop development at a predictable point prior to parasite emergence. The objectives of this study were to examine several factors which might contribute to the syndrome by comparing parasitized and nonparasitized larvae at specific and correspondingly similar physiological points in their development. Fifth stadium nonparasitized larvae experience a small pupal commitment burst of ecdysone followed by a large burst. In contrast, ecdysteroid titers in parasitized larvae remained at the pupal commitment level during the entire 5th stadium. Data shows that ecdysone 20-monooxygenase and sterol precursors are not limiting factors, with the possible exception of limited hemolymph sterol at the end of parasitoid development. In addition, isolated prothoracic glands from parasitized larvae produce amounts of ecdysteroid comparable to controls when stimulated with a crude Manduca sexta prothoracicotropic hormone preparation. Juvenile hormone esterase titers in parasitized larvae are low throughout the 5th stadium. They do not show the major rapid increase in activity normally associated with the latter part of the active feeding period in the nonparasitized 5th instar. Possible explanations for the low ecdysteroid titers in parasitized larvae include failure to synthesize and release prothoracic gland stimulatory factor by the poorly developed fat body, insufficient sterol precursors at the critical time of ecdysteroid synthesis, inhibition of the release of PTTH, failure of the prothoracic gland to respond to PTTH, and the consequences of abnormally high juvenile hormone titers.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940130104
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification and characterization of a flavin-binding storage protein from the hemolymph of Galleria mellonella (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 25 (1994), S. 55-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: riboflavin ; serum protein ; protein structure ; waxmoth ; development ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The 85K storage protein that accumulates in the hemolymph of Galleria mellonella during the final larval instar was isolated and purified from newly molted pupae. The separation of fresh hemolymph proteins from larvae or pupae by different chromatographic and electrophoretic procedures indicated the native protein had a Mr of 170,000 and consisted of two identical 85K subunits. Crosslinking experiments using fresh hemolymph followed by Western blotting also indicated a dimeric structure for the native protein. Analyses of the dimer purified from pupal hemolymph indicated that 85K was a glycoprotein, containing approximately 6.5% neutral sugar and about 1.9% amino sugar. Like other insect flavin-binding proteins, 85K has a relatively high histidine content but an uncharacteristically high arginine content. The purified 85K dimer did not bind riboflavin, suggesting that the integrity of the molecule had been altered during purification. However, 85K purified in low yield by Affi-Gel Blue chromatography, did bind riboflavin, indicating that under certain, undefined conditions the functional integrity of the protein could be retained during purification. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940250106
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of teratocyte functions: An overview (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 13 (1990), S. 159-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: parasitoid-host interactions ; in vitro techniques ; serosa ; polar bodies ; trophamnion ; Braconidae ; Trichogrammatidae ; Scelionidae ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Teratocytes, derived from extra-embryonic tissues of parasitic Braconidae, Trichogrammatidae, and Scelionidae, play several important roles in the parasitoid-host interaction. It is clear from the literature that the specific role (s) vary among species. Only recently have the biochemical and endocrinological roles of these cells been considered. This overview examines the recent literature on teratocytes and stresses the importance of in vitro procedures to elucidate the functional roles (trophic, immunosuppression, secretory) of teratocytes in the parasitoid-host relationship.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940130303
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Action of RH 5849, a non-steroidal ecdysteroid mimic, on Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) in vivo and in vitro (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 15 (1990), S. 201-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: growth ; molting ; tissue culture ; IGR ; juvenile hormone ; methoprene ; chitin imaginal disc ; Indian meal moth ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have examined the effects of RH 5849, a non-steroidal ecdysteroid mimic, on the growth and development of Plodia interpunctella. When RH 5849 was administered in the diet, larval growth was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, while concentrations of 15 ppm and greater were highly toxic. However, the deleterious effects of RH 5849 could be prevented, except at very high concentrations of RH 5849, by the simultaneous administration of the juvenile hormone mimic methoprene. Larvae simultaneously treated with both hormone mimics continued to grow until they attained a size about three times normal. This growth was accompanied by at least one and sometimes two supernumerary molts, whereas, only an occasional supernumerary molt occurred in larvae treated with methoprene alone. In larvae undergoing super numerary molts, wing imaginal discs produced a tanned pupal cuticle, but did not evaginate. When wing discs were cultured in vitro, RH 5849 stimulated evagination and chitin synthesis at concentrations of 10 and 1 μM, respectively. Likewise, RH 5849 stimulated GlcNAc uptake and inhibited cellular proliferation in IAL-PID2 cells at similar concentrations. These in vitro effects of RH 5849 also were produced by 20-hydroxyecdysone, but at lower concentrations. We conclude that RH 5849 exhibits molting hormone activity in vivo as well as in vitro. However, the toxicological effects in P. interpuncetella result from action on feeding and growth, rather than molting. Thus, RH 5849 represents a new class of IGR, which will have impact on our understanding of endocrine regulation and open up new avenues for pest control.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940150402
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and pharmacological characterization of muscarinic-cholinergic receptors in the cockroach brain (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 16 (1991), S. 107-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ; radio-ligand binding ; autoradiography ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The binding of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate to a cockroach brain preparation was investigated. Specific binding was saturable with a Kd of 0.25 nM and Scatchard analysis indicated a Bmax of 604 pmol/mg protein. Kinetic analysis indicated that the ligand is binding in a complex fashion while dissociation followed a simple kinetic process. The pharmacology of the site was typical of muscarinic receptors but the site cannot be characterized in terms of vertebrate muscarinic-receptor subtypes. Affinity of the receptor for agonists was modulated by Mg2+ and guanylylimidodiphosphate but not by pertussis toxin indicating the involvement of a pertussis-toxin insensitive G-protein. Carbamylcholine did not inhibit basal or forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. The binding site was localized autoradiographically and was restricted to the median and lateral calyces of the brain.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940160204
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrolysis of sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine by midgut homogenates of the stable fly (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 14 (1990), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: digestion ; blood lipids ; blood meal ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Qualitative and quantitative analyses were made to characterize the enzymatic degradation of sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine by midgut homogenates of the adult stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.). The results indicated that sphingomyelin was hydrolyzed by an enzyme with sphingomyelinase-like properties, and that phosphatidylcholine was hydrolyzed by an enzyme with properties similar to phospholipase C. The optimum pH for the sphingomyelinase was 7.6, and the rate of hydrolysis of sphingomyelin at that pH was linear from 1 to 4 nmol of substrate and 5 to 25 μg of enzyme preparation. Dialysis of the homogenates against Tris-HCI and imidazole buffers resulted in a decrease of sphingomyelinase activity by 59% and 98%, respectively, and the original activity was not restored with the addition of Ca++, Mg++, or Mn++.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940140102
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acidification of yolk granules in Blattella germanica eggs coincident with proteolytic processing of vitellin (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 18 (1991), S. 177-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: acridine orange ; embryogenesis ; Phormia regina ; protein processing ; proton translocation ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In eggs of the cockroach Blattella germanica, vitellin (Vt) utilization by the embryo is initiated at day 4 postovulation by the proteolytic processing of its three subunits to a specific set of peptides. A report from our laboratory (Nordin et al.: Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 15:119, 1990) described a yolk proteinase, activated at days 3-4, which processes the Vt. Further investigation of this event has focused on the yolk granules. Granules from eggs 4-6 days postovulation contained a significant subpopulation which accumulated high concentrations of the dye acridine orange (AO), a fluorescent probe of vesicle acidification, while those from eggs 0-3 days postovulation did not. AO accumulation was caused by proton translocation and was not due to dye binding or a Donnan equilibrium. The temporal correlation of granule acidification with Vt processing suggests a role for this event in yolk proteinase activation in B. germanica. This hypothesis was supported by the finding that incubation of yolk from freshly ovulated eggs in vitro at pH of 5 and below resulted in Vt processsing. Yolk granules of the blowfly Phormia regina also became acidified but this occurred in the oocyte prior to egg deposition.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940180306
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Block of voltage-dependent K+ channels in insect muscle by the diacylhydrazine insecticide RH-5849, 4-aminopyridine, and quinidine (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 21 (1992), S. 239-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: IK ; IA ; ecdysone agonist ; Musca domestica ; potassium channel blocker ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In calcium-free saline, voltage-clamped ventral longitudinal muscles of housefly larvae have maintained (IK) and transient (IA) voltage-dependent K+ currents. With 500 ms conditioning pulses, inactivation of IA had a midpoint at -53 mV and changed e-fold in 3.46 mV. IA inactivated completely at -40 mV, with a time constant of 71 ms, allowing the effects of various K+ channel blockers to be studied on IK in isolation. RH-5849 (1,2-dibenzoyl-1-tert-butylhydrazine), a novel insect growth regulator, induces a lethal premature molt in insect larvae by mimicking the action of the molting hormone at ecdysone receptors. RH-5849 also causes acute neurotoxicity in some insects by selectively blocking of IK in nerve and muscle. While most channel blockers have a Hill coefficient near 1, consistent with a simple one molecule per channel block mechanism, RH-5849 and the analog RH-1266 were found in the present study to block IK channels in insect muscle with a Hill coefficient of 1.5. The lC50 (concentration that caused 50% block) for block of IK was 59 μM for RH-5849 and 40 μM for RH-1266. While tetraethylammonium blocked IK by only 20% at 100 mM, 4-aminopyridine blocked the current with an lC50 of 1.2 mM and a Hill coefficient of 0.97. Quinidine was the most potent blocker of IK in this study, with an lC50 of 20 μM. Block of IK by either RH-5849 or 4-aminopyridine was independent of test pulse potential, but block by quinidine increased with depolarization. Block of IK by RH-5849 and quinidine was time dependent, suggesting an open channel block mechanism, but the time course was too fast relative to channel activation for kinetic analysis. The lC50 for block of IK by RH-5849 decreased with temperature, with a Q10 of 0.52. IA was also blocked by RH-5849, but was less sensitive than IK. The lC50 for block of IA by RH-5849 was 775 μM, 13-fold higher than the lC50 for block of IK. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940210307
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stage-specific protein and mRNA synthesis during morphogenesis of the polyembryonic parasitoid Copidosoma floridanum (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 19 (1992), S. 81-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: development ; embryogenesis ; gene expression ; Trichoplusia ni ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Changes in protein and mRNA synthesis during embryonic morphogenesis of the polyembryonic parasitoid Copidosoma floridanum were characterized by 1- and 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and quantified by scanning densitometry. Analysis of protein synthesis at different developmental stages indicated that embryonic molecular changes occurred at 36 h of the host's fourth stadium. These changes included decreased expression of 51 and 104 kD (D) proteins and increased expression of 22, 22.5, and 24 kD (D) proteins. Similarly, analysis of in vitro translation products indicated increased transcription of mRNA encoding 16 and 49 kD proteins in embryos dissected at 36 h of the host's fourth stadium. The stage-specific changes in transcription and translation corresponded to the blastula stage of embryonic development and arose several hours before the initiation of embryonic morphogenic events associated with larval pattern formation. Application of the JH analogue methoprene at times that block morphogenesis but not blastula formation did not block the stage-specific synthesis of any proteins. In contrast, neck ligation of hosts at times that block blastula formation and morphogenesis inhibited the synthesis of the 24 kD protein that was normally expressed at the blastula stage.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940190202
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic control of voltinism characteristics in European corn borer races assessed with a marker gene (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 20 (1992), S. 107-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: Ostrinia nubilalis ; Lepidopetera ; diapause ; sex-linked gene ; triose phosphate isomerase ; allozyme ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The post-diapause development (PDD) time for univoltine European corn borers (ECB) under diapause breaking conditions averages approximately 44 days, whereas the PDD time for bivoltine ECB under the same conditions is approximately 15 days. This difference is the principal component of the life cycle that determines the number of generations possible in a summer. Previous workers have demonstrated some genetic control of differences in voltinism among populations, including apparent control by sex-linked (Z-linked) genes.In the present study allozymes of the enzyme, triose phosphate isomerase (TPI), were used as markers of the Z chromosomes in crosses of a bivoltine colony (Tpi-1) and a univoltine colony (Tpi-2). The F1 resulting from a cross of univoltine females (Z2W) and bivoltine males (Z1Z1) consisted of hemizygous Tpi-1 females (Z1W) with a mean PDD time of 19 days and heterozygous Tpi-1/Tpi-2 males (Z1Z2) with a mean PDD time of 34 days. The F2 progeny consisted of Tpi-1 females (Z1W) (mean PDD time = 15 days), Tpi-2 females (Z2W) (mean PDD time = 40 days), homozygous Tpi-1 males (Z1Z1) (mean PDD time = 16 days), and heterozygous Tpi-1/Tpi-2 males (Z1Z2) (mean PDD time = 25 days). The close correlation of TPI phenotypes and PDD times in these crosses, along with similar results for the maternal and paternal backcrosses of the F1 individuals, indicates that the PDD time is principally controlled by genes on the Z chromosome and that heterozygous males exhibit incomplete or partial dominance of these genes. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940200203
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