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  • Springer  (854)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (125)
  • 1990-1994  (965)
  • 1955-1959  (14)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy transfer from tryptophan residues of proteins to 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonate (1994)
    Springer
    The protein journal 13 (1994), S. 635-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4943
    Keywords: Trp fluorescence ; energy transfer ; 8-anilinonaphthalene sulfonate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The binding of the apolar fluorescent dye 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonate (ANS) to bovine serum albumin (BSA), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), ovalbumin, lysozyme, cobrotoxin and N-acetyltryptophanamide was used to assess the factors affecting the efficiency of energy transfer from Trp residues to the ANS molecule. We found that the efficiency of energy transfer from Trp residues to ANS was associated with the ability of proteins to enhance the ANS fluorescence. At the same molar concentration of protein, BSA enhanced ANS fluorescence most among these proteins; its Trp fluorescence was drastically quenched by the addition of ANS. Fluorescence enhancement of ANS in PLA2-ANS complex increased upon addition of Ca2+ or change of the buffer to acidicpH, resulting in a higher efficiency of energy transfer from Trp residues to ANS. There was limited ANS fluorescence enhancement with ovalbumin, lysozyme, cobrotoxin, and N-acetyltryptophanamide and a less efficient quenching in Trp fluorescence. The capabilities of proteins for binding with ANS correlated with the decrease in their Trp fluorescence being quenching by ANS. However, the microenvironment surrounding Trp residues of proteins did not affect the energy transfer. Based on these results, the factors that affected the energy transfer from Trp residues to ANS are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01890462
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional involvement of Lys-6 in the enzymatic activity of phospholipase A2 fromBungarus multicinctus (Taiwan banded krait) snake venom (1994)
    Springer
    The protein journal 13 (1994), S. 641-648 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4943
    Keywords: Snake venom ; phospholipase A2 ; chemical modification of Lys-6
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) fromBungarus multicinctus snake venom was subjected to Lys modification with 4-chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoate and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, and one major carboxydinitrophenylated (CDNP) PLA2 and two trinitrophenylated (TNP) derivatives (TNP-1 and TNP-2) were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results of amino acid analysis and sequence determination revealed that CDNP-PLA2 and TNP-1 contained one modified Lys residue at position 6, and both Lys-6 and Lys-62 were modified in TNP-2. It seemed that the Lys-6 was more accessible to modified reagents than other Lys residues in PLA2. Modification of Lys-6 caused a 94% drop in enzymatic activity as observed with CDNP-PLA2 and TNP-1. Alternatively, the enzyme modified on both Lys-6 and Lys-62 retained little PLA2 activity. Either carboxydinitrophenylation or trinitrophenylation did not significantly affect the secondary structure of the enzyme molecule as revealed by the CD spectra, and Ca2+ binding and antigenicity of Lys-6-modified PLA2 were unaffected. Conversion of nitro groups to amino groups resulted in a partial restoration of enzymatic activity of CDNP-PLA2 to 32% of that of PLA2. It reflected that the positively charged side chain of Lys-6 might play an exclusive role in PLA2 activity. The TNP derivatives could be regenerated with hydrazine hydrochloride. The biological activity of the regenerated PLA2 is almost the same as that of native PLA2. These results suggest that the intact Lys-6 is essential for the enzymatic activity of PLA2, and that incorporation of a bulky CDNP or TNP group on Lys-6 might give rise to a distortion of the interaction between substrate and the enzyme molecule, and the active conformation of PLA2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01890463
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The essentiality of B chain in stabilizing the structure of the A chain in β1-bungarotoxin fromBungarus multicinctus venom (1994)
    Springer
    The protein journal 13 (1994), S. 233-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4943
    Keywords: Snake venom ; Trp fluorescence ; Β 1-bungarotoxin ; role of the B chain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The dynamic of Trp residue inΒ 1-bungarotoxin (gb 1-Bgt), the A chain ofΒ 1-Bgt and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) was assessed by fluorescence measurement. Acrylamide quenching studies showed that the exposure degree of the Trp in PLA2 is higher than the Trp inΒ 1-Bgt. The Trp ofΒ 1-Bgt had a higher accessibility for iodide, reflecting that the basic nature of the B chain might exert an attractive electrostatic force for iodide and increase the susceptibility of Trp in the A chain to iodide. Removal of the B chain ofΒ 1-Bgt did not significantly affect the exposure degree of Trp in the A chain. Alternatively, the polarity of the environment around the Trp and the hydrophobic character of ANS and substrate binding sites in the separated A chain changed. Measurement of Trp fluorescence with increasing temperature showed that the stability of structure ofΒ 1-Bgt was higher than those of the separated A chain and PLA2. These results suggest that the B chain might interact with the A chain and stabilize the conformation of the A chain inΒ 1-Bgt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01891981
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase gene to human chromosome 1q25 (1994)
    Springer
    Somatic cell and molecular genetics 20 (1994), S. 71-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9931
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) is an intracellular enzyme that catalyzes the formation of cholesterol esters from cholesterol and long-chain fatty acyl-coenzyme A. It is believed that ACAT plays a key role in lipoprotein metabolism and atherogenesis. Recently our laboratory succeeded in molecular cloning and functional expression of human macrophage ACAT cDNA. We have now mapped the ACAT gene to chromosome 1, band q25 by using fluorescence in situ hybridization to metaphase chromosomes, and by Southern blotting analysis of human-hamster somatic cell hybrid panels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02257489
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of Poly(β-Hydroxybutyric Acid) by Recombinant Escherichia colia (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 721 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb47375.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactive compatibilization of ABS/Nylon 6,6 blends: Effects of reactive group concentration and blending sequence (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of polymer research 1 (1994), S. 235-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8935
    Keywords: Polymer blend ; Reactive compatibilizer ; Compatibility ; ABS ; Nylon 6,6 ; Morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Styrene-acrylonitrile-glycidyl methacrylate (SAG) copolymers with various glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) contents have been used to compatibilize the incompatible blends of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and nylon 6,6 (N66) by varying the blending sequences. When the epoxy group of SAG copolymer makes contact and reacts with the amine endgroup of N66, the resultant grafted products, SAG-g-N66, tend to reside at interface and act as compatibilizers of the blends. For a SAG copolymer with lower GMA content (SG2), a better compatibilized blend is achieved by sequential blending of the SAG2 with N66 then with ABS. When a higher GMA content SAG (SAG 10) is employed, on the contrary, a better compatibilized blend is obtained by preblending SAG10 with ABS then with N66. A grafted SAG-g-N66 molecule is considered as an effective compatibilizer when it anchors along the interface with the ungrafted SAG, or the SA segments, penetrating into the ABS phase while the branched N66 chains protruding into the N66 phase. The conventional one-step three-component blending usually results in less compatibilized blend than the properly selected sequential blending. The trend of mechanical properties observed closely match the compatibility of the blend in terms of domain size. However, the overall improvement of the resultant mechanical properties of the compatibilized blend over the uncompatibilized one is not substantial.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01374548
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of the bifurcation angle on the steady flow structure in model saccular aneurysms (1993)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 14 (1993), S. 289-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effects of the bifurcation angle on the steady flow structure in a straight terminal aneurysm model with asymmetric outflow through the branches have been characterized quantitatively in terms of laser-Doppler velocimetry (LDV)-measured mean velocity and fluctuating intensity distributions. The bifurcation angles investigated were 60°, 90°, and 140° and the Reynolds number based on the bulk average velocity and diameter of the afferent vessel was 500. It is found that the size of the recirculating zones in the afferent vessel, the flow activity (both mean and fluctuating motions) inside the aneurysm, and the shear stresses acting on the aneurysmal wall increase with increasing bifurcation angle. More importantly, both LDV-measured and flow-visualized results of the present study suggest the presence of a critical bifurcation angle below which the aneurysm is susceptible to thrombosis, whereas above this the aneurysm is prone to progression or rupture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00189486
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abnormal hemoglobins in the Silk Road region of China (1990)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 86 (1990), S. 231-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A review is presented of the occurrence of 24 abnormal hemoglobins (13 α-chain variants and 11 β-chain variants) in populations in the Silk Road area of Northwestern China. Most frequently occurring were Hb D-Punjab [β21(GH4)Glu→Gln] in Uygurs, Kazaks, and Khalkhas, Hb G-Taipei [β22(B4)Glu→Gly] in persons of the Han nationality, and Hb G-Coushatta [β22 (B4)Glu→Ala] in the Uygurs, Kazaks, Hans, and related nationalities. The data suggest that these variants likely originated in Central Asia, in the Han nationality of China, and in the minorities of northern China, respectively. Other variants occurred at considerably lower frequencies and were imported from other countries or arose as independent mutations. Two variants [Hb Tashikuergan or α19(AB1)Ala→Glu; Hb Tianshui or β39(C5) Gln→Arg] were observed for the first time. The data from this study of the many variants support the movements of various populations in this area, as reported in numerous historical documents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00197711
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a major cell wall antigen and potential adhesin in three strains of Candida albicans (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 162 (1994), S. 33-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Adhesin ; Antigen ; Cell wall ; Immunolocalization ; Candida albicans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Selected strains of Candida albicans were examined to reveal the surface antigenicity and biochemical nature of major cell wall proteins that also were shown to serve as cellular adhesins on human buccal epithelial cells. Confirmation of the adhesive properties of these cells was made by scanning electron microscopy and immunofluorescence microscopy. Particular attention was directed at the clinical isolate KM-302. By means of indirect immunofluorescence staining, the KM-302 blastoconidia absorbed rabbit anti-C. albicans ATCC-32354 serum, revealing specific localization of surface antigens on germ tubes and pseudohyphae. Extracellular polymeric material and the cell wall extract of C. albicans KM-302 blastoconidia were found to contain a major surface antigen of 49 kDa that exhibited 42% adhesion inhibition in vitro. Of considerable significance is that immunogold localization by electron microscopy showed the antigen to be almost exclusively cell wall bound. This major antigen, identified in affinity and gel filtration chromatography fractions, was composed of 4% carbohydrate and 95.7% protein and had an isoelectric point of 6.1. The major antigen also showed a high level of similarity with that of C. albicans strain SC-5314 inasmuch as the major antigen of that strain had carbohydrate and protein compositions of 4 and 95.5%, respectively. Both of these strains also possessed the same percent of adhesion inhibition of human buccal epithelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264370
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence against DNA polymerase β as a candidate gene for Werner syndrome (1994)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 93 (1994), S. 507-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Werner syndrome (WS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of humans characterized by the premature onset and accelerated rate of development of several major age-related disorders. An aberration in DNA replication or repair is suggested by the evidence of genome instability. Since the structural gene for DNA polymerase β maps within the region of the WS mutation on the short arm of chromosome 8 and is involved in both DNA repair and DNA replication, we evaluated its candidacy as the WS gene. Several independent lines of evidence did not support that hypothesis: (1) activity gels showed normal enzyme activity and electrophoretic mobility; (2) nucleotide sequence analysis of the entire coding region failed to reveal mutations (although indicated mistakes in the published sequence); (3) single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and heteroduplex analyses failed to reveal evidence of mutations in the promoter region; (4) a newly discerned polymorphism failed to reveal evidence of homozygosity by descent in a consanguineous patient; and 5) fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis placed the DNA polymerase β gene centromeric to D8S135 at 8p11.2 and thus beyond the region of peak LOD scores for WS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202813
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