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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 189 (1961), S. 117-119 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE variations with time of the short-term JL energy spectrum of signals such as speech, music, singing, etc., can be measured with a bank of electrical band-pass filters and rectifiers. This leads to the type of display in three dimensions (time, frequency, intensity) commonly known as a sound ...
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Enthalpy ; Entropy ; Vibrational spectra ; Ion pairs ; Electrolyte solutions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Um die Enthalpie- und Entropieänderungen bei der Bildung von Kontaktionenpaaren sowohl quantitativ als auch qualitativ zu bestimmen wurden Schwingungspektren von Lösungen von LiNCS, Mg(NCS)2 and LiN3 in flüssigem Ammoniak, Dimethylformamid, Dimethylsulphoxid and Acetonitril untersucht. Im Gegensatz zu Vorhersagen sind die Enthalpie- und Entropie in allen untersuchten Fällen positiv. Diese Tatsache deutet daraufhin, daß die treibende Kraft des Assoziationsprozesses die Umstrukturierung der Lösung und nicht die Wechselwirkungsenergie zwischen Kation und Anion ist. Diese Eigenschaft der Kontaktionenpaarbildung ist wahrscheinlich auf eine große Anzahl von Lösungsmitteln übertragbar. Folgende, spezifische Werte wurden für die thermodynamischen Parameter ermittelt: LiNCS/DMF, ΔG=−1.3 (1)kJmol−1, ΔH ass =+1.8 (5)kJmol−1, ΔS ass =+10 (2)Jmol−1K−1; LiNCS/DMSO, ΔG=+0.9 (2)kJmol−1, ΔH ass =+0.3 (3)kJmol−1; Mg (NCS)2/DMF, ΔG ass =−4.0 (3)kJmol−1, ΔH ass =+15 (4)kJmol−1, ΔS=+64 (17)kJmol−1; LiN3/DMSO, ΔG ass =−2.5 (3)kJmol−1, ΔH ass =+4.9 (9)kJmol−1, ΔS ass =∼+25 (10)JK−1mol−1.
    Notes: Summary The vibrational spectra of solutions have been analyzed to assess both qualitatively and quantitatively the changes in enthalpy and entropy for ion pair formation in solutions of LiNCS, Mg(NCS)2, and LiN3 in liquid ammonia, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulphoxide and acetonitrile. Contrary to predictions both the ΔH ass and ΔS ass terms are all positive in the cases examined, indicating that the driving force in the ion association process derives from solvent-solute restructuring, and not the energy of the interaction between the cation and anion. This characteristic of contact ion pair formation is likely to be found to be applicable over a wide range of solvents. The following specific values of the thermodynamic parameters at 298 K have been obtained: LiNCS/DMF, ΔG=−1.3 (1) kJ mol−1, ΔH ass =+1.8 (5) kJ mol−, ΔS ass =+10 (2) J mol−1 K−1; LiNCS/DMSO, ΔG=+0.9 (2) kJ mol−1, ΔH ass =+0.3 (3) kJ mol−1; Mg(NCS)2/DMF, ΔG ass =−4.0 (3) kJ mol−1, ΔH ass =+15 (4) kJ mol−1, ΔS=+64 (17) kJ mol−1; LiN3/DMSO, ΔG ass =−2.5 (3) kJ mol−1, ΔH ass =+4.9 (9) kJ mol−1, ΔS ass =∼+25 (10) J K−1 mol−1.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 190 (1961), S. 619-620 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The spin-lattice relaxation of the ion-pairs in a crystal containing 0-12 per cent chromium has been measured from the recovery after saturation of some of the more prominent lines in the X-band 'pair' spectrum. The recovery was usually adequately described by a single time-constant. The measured ...
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 111 (1992), S. 311-328 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract U-series disequilibria analyses have been combined with chemical and petrographic analyses in order to assess both the timescales and processes involved in the formation of the chemically zoned Fogo A trachytes. Least squares major element modelling demonstrates that the mafic trachytes could have evolved from a parental alkali basalt via trachybasalt with ∼70% fractionation of augite (35–36%), plagioclase (23%), magnetite (16%), kaersutite (15%), olivine (8%) and apatite (2–3%). Derivation of the mafic trachytes from a basanite parent is inconsistent with calculated fractionation paths. Major and trace element variations in 25 pumice samples collected from throughout the stratigraphic extent of the Fogo A deposit show that the trachytes represent the inverted, extrusive equivalent of a strongly chemically zoned magma chamber. The zonation is attributed to 70–75% Rayleigh fractional crystallization of the observed phenocryst phases. Wallrock assimilation and magma mixing did not contribute significantly to the observed chemical trends. The maximum age of the Fogo A trachytic magma based on radioactive disequilibria between 230Th and 238U is 300000 years. However, a calculated model age suggests that the time of evolution of the Fogo A trachytes from a parent alkali basalt is only 90000 years. Constant element variations and Th-isotopic ratios in Fogo C, Fogo A and 1563 A.D. trachytes suggest that a single long-lived trachytic magma chamber has been the source of at least the past 15.2 Ka of trachytic volcanism from Agua de Pao. After each eruption an evolved cupola reformed and became zoned prior to the next eruption. The maximum time necessary to form the zonation is 4600 years, the time between the Fogo A and 1563 A.D. eruptions. Low (226Ra)/(230Th)i ratios in the Fogo A and 1563 A.D. trachytes suggest that alkali feldspar fractionation continued up to the time of the respective eruptions.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta mechanica 100 (1993), S. 79-93 
    ISSN: 1619-6937
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary It has long been recognized that fabric, i.e., the grain configuration in a domain, plays a significant role in the constitutive response of granular media. Here we establish that this effect has bearing on the suitability of non-associative plasticity laws that describe the observed deviation of the plastic strain rate, from the normal to the yield surface. It is known that when non-associated plasticity laws are used, uniqueness of the solution of the initial value problem cannot be proved. Here it is shown that the introduction of configurational entropy and temperature into the theory, gives rise to a thermodynamic framework, specifically athermoplastic potential, with respect to which the plasticity law is associative. However, the inelastic strain is the sum of a plastic and a configurational strain. While the plastic strain rate is still normal to the potential (yield) surface, the inelastic strain rate,which is what is measured in the laboratory, is not. It is further shown that despite the non-normality of the inelastic strain rate to the plastic potential surface, the solution of the coupled initial value — configurational diffusion problem is unique. In the process of development of the underlying configurational thermodynamics, the concept of configurational flux is introduced and a time indifferent configurational diffusion law is inferred on the basis of uniqueness requirements. Thus the foundation is laid for the mode of propagation of chaos in granular media.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Genetica 46 (1990), S. 115-126 
    ISSN: 1573-6857
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Genome analysis has been used to investigate the relationship of C. danica L. to the diploid and tetraploid species in the genus. The results of this analysis suggest that C. danica has the genomic constitution A1 7 A1 7 A2 7 A2 7 T7 T7. Both A7 genomes in C. danica are segmentally differentiated from the A7 genome in C. groenlandica L. and from the similar A6 genomes in C. pyrenaica DC. and C. officinalis L. but, in hybrids, are capable of some pairing with these genomes. A2 7 is more distantly related to A7 and A6 than is A1 7 and in A7 some of the differentiation has taken place by reciprocal translocations. A1 7 and A2 7 still retain enough homology for pairing between them. The T7 genome has no homology with any of the A genomes but may be derived from an ancestral T6 genome.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Dynamic elastic moduli and mechanical damping were measured with the PUCOT (piezoelectric ultrasonic composite oscillator) technique at room temperature for ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) of the following compositions: PRD-166 (fibres)/N51A glass (matrix), PRD-166 fibres coated with SnO2/glass, Nextel 480 fibres/glass, Nextel 480 fibres coated with SnO2/glass, and Nextel 480 fibres coated with BN/glass. The fibres were continuous, and the volume fractions varied from 0.24 to 0.43. Some of the mechanical-property measurements correlated with the thickness of one of the coating materials, and with microstructural observations of the misorientation angle of the fibres and normalized fibre length. With increasing volume fractions of fibres, the fraction of broken fibres increased. For the PRD-166/glass and PRD-166/SnO2/glass, a substantial fraction of the fibres were misoriented by angles of up to 15 °. Assessments were made of the measured properties in terms of the rule of mixtures and other theoretical estimations.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 75 (1963), S. 1032-1032 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1994-06-13
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1990-07-09
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
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