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  • Chemical Engineering  (476)
  • AERODYNAMICS  (343)
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  • 1990-1994  (595)
  • 1960-1964  (363)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arylmethyl sulfones: A new class of photoacid generators (1992)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 32 (1992), S. 1476-1480 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The X-ray and deep UV radiation response is described for resist systems consisting of poly(4-tert-butoxycarbonyloxystyrene-co-sulfur dioxide) PTBSS combined with an arylmethyl sulfone. A 2:1 4-tert-butoxycarbonyloxystyrene (TBS): sulfur dioxide (SO2) resist has been found to function as a highly sensitive, 1.4 nm X-ray, single-component, chemically amplified resist. The same resist, however, exhibits reduced sensitivity to 0.8 nm X-rays and deep UV (248 nm) radiation. Improvement in 0.8 nm X-ray sensitivity is achieved by the addition of 12 mol% bis(3,4-dichlorobenzyl) sulfone (DCBS) to the 2:1 TBS:SO2 resist. For this two-component resist formulation, the 0.8 nm X-ray sensitive improved from 〉375 to 125 mJ/cm2. Similarly, the sensitivity of the 3:1 TBS:SO2 copolymer to deep UV radiation improves to 40 mJ/cm2 with addition of 10 mol% DCBS. Sulfones, such as DCBS, provide two-component resist formulations capable of 〈0.5 μm resolution.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760322006
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheology and structure of liquid crystalline alkylenearomatic polyesters (1993)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 889-894 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The rheological, thermodynamic and structural properties of two liquid crystalline polyesters - poly(oxyfumaroyloxy- 1,4-phenylene carbonyloxyalkyleneoxycarbonyl- 1,4-phenylene)s with six and ten methylene groups (PES-6 and PES- 10, respectively) and a statistical copolyester (co-PES) have been investigated. It has been shown that they all form a smectic LC-phase. The change from homopolyesters to co-PE S expands the temperature range of the LC-state. The high sensitivity of the structure to the prehistory in the melt state is typical for such copolymers. Prolonged heating leads to rearrangement of the co-PES crystalline structure and a drastic increase in viscosity. The orientation of these polymers during flow was investigated. It was shown that a high level of molecular orientation of the smectic layers, perpendicular to the direction of flow, was realized at high shear stresses. In the melt region, the existence of a metastable network with junctions of crystalline nature hinders the flow of the homo- and copolyesters. The structure of the unit cell of the crystallites depends on the composition and thermal history.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760331404
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  • 3
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    A comparison of full-scale X-15 lift and drag characteristics with wind-tunnel results and theory (1961)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-22
    Keywords: unknown
    Type: RES.-AIRPLANE-COMM. REPT. ON CONF. ON THE PROGR. OF THE X-15 PROJ. 1961; P 83-98
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Comparison of Full-scale Lift and Drag Characteristics of the X-15 Airplane with Wind-tunnel Results and Theory (1962)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-23
    Description: Aerodynamic lift and drag characteristics comparison between full scale and wind tunnel model of X-15 aircraft
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-713
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of catalyst on the reactive processing of polyesters with epoxy-functional polymers (1993)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 675-685 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The objective this work was to determine the effects of selected polyester catalysts on the reaction of a polyester with epoxy functional polymers. Polyesters containing various catalyst metals were melt blended with either an ethylene-co-glycidyl methacrylate or a styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer. The viscosities of the blends were monitored as a function of mixing time using torque rheometry. In addition, the molecular weight distributions of selected samples were analyzed using gel permeation chromatography. Both the torque rheometry and the gel permeation chromatography results indicate that the polyester reacts with epoxy functional polymers. This reaction occurs under conditions and at processing times which are readily obtainable in conventional melt processing equipment. Furthermore, the reaction kinetics of polyesters with glycidyl methacrylate copolymers are dramatically affected by the nature of the catalyst system used to prepare the polyester. Under the conditions used, antimony catalysts are particularly effective at promoting the reaction between polyesters and the epoxy functionality and the activity of the catalysts studied appears to decrease in the following order: antimony 〉 gallium 〉 tin ≃ titanium 〉 germanium. Manipulation of the polyester catalyst system may offer a method to control the extent of reaction obtained in reactive processing of polyesters with epoxy functional compounds.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760331104
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orientational crystallization and orientational drawing as strengthening methods for polyethylene (1993)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 1341-1351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This paper reports on the theoretical and experimental studies of structure formation and strengthening (stiffening) of flexible-chain polymers. Two techniques of strengthening relying on the melt extrusion, i.e., orientational crystallization (crystallization initiated by melt extension) and drawing (uniaxial stretching of a crystallized polymer) are analysed by theory. The experiments involved preparation and study of melt extruded films and film fibers of linear polyethylene formed by the two techniques mentioned above. The effect of the degree of orientation and other parameters of the formation processes on the mechanical characteristics and the factors limiting the ultimate values of these characteristics are discussed. It is shown that multistage drawing succeeds in achieving a higher tensile strength and elastic modulus (1.2 and 35 GPa, respectively) than the orientational crystallization, which gives 0.8 and 15 GPa. The strengthening by drawing is accompanied by microcrack formation. In contrast, no discontinuities are observed in orientationally crystallized samples up to their ultimate extension.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760332007
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A numerical study of bubble growth during low pressure structural foam molding process (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 1330-1337 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The bubble size distribution created by the expanding foam plays a key role in controlling the load-bearing and other mechanical properties of the manufactured structural foam part. A numerical method to study the bubble growth and predict the bubble size distribution in polymeric foams is presented. On the microscopic scale, a cell model has been used. A cell is a system composed of a hypothetical spherical gas bubble and an envelope of polymer with constant mass surrounding the bubble. On the macroscopic scale, the foam has been modeled as a compressible medium consisting of a number of cells growing in close proximity to each other. The coupled system of the bubble growth equations for a cell and the field equations for the polymeric fluid are solved numerically to predict the spatial bubble size distribution and the flow front movement during the expansion process. The influence of different dimensionless parameters on the growth of spatially distributed bubbles and on the relative reduction in the transient bulk foam density, under isothermal condition; has been predicted. The existence of an axial pressure gradient in the mold due to the spatial variation of bubble growth is demonstrated through numerical experiments.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760302011
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transport of aromatic molecules in NaY Zeolite powders (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1562-1568 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Xenon-129 NMR is used to probe macroscopic distributions of aromatic molecules adsorbed in a packed bed of 1-μm NaY zeolite particles. Relative rates of guest transport through the intracrystalline (micro) and intercrystalline (macro) pores play a unique role in the axial distribution of sorbate molecules, such as hexamethylbenzene, in a zeolite powder. Xenon-129 NMR spectra show that a sharp HMB adsorption front advances through a bed of dehydrated NaY crystallites at 523 K. However, at 573 K or in the presence of coadsorbed water, HMB species disperse through the bed without forming a sharp boundary between adsorption zones.When guest transport is controlled by pseudosteady-state diffusion in the macropores, axial penetration of the bed by vapor-phase guest species occurs in a sharp adsorption front. A shrinking-core transport model then quantitatively estimates the intracrystalline diffusivities of HMB in dehydrated and partially hydrated NaY zeolite of 10-11 and 10-13 m2/s, respectively, at 523 K. Xenon-129 NMR proves to be a powerful tool for probing adsorbed guest distribution in zeolites, allowing relative time scales to be established for transport of molecular guests in NaY powders.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690361012
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulation of a multiple substrate reactor for chemical vapor infiltration of pyrolytic carbon within carbon-carbon composites (1993)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 39 (1993), S. 1196-1209 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model for a pilot-scale chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) reactor in which multiple substrates are densified simultaneously by carbon deposition from a pyrolyzing hydrocarbon is presented. Kinetic expressions and parameters and transport properties for carbon deposition from propylene determined from experimental studies and a single substrate CVI model are incorporated into the pilot reactor model. The two-dimensional transport equations for heat, mass and momentum transfer are solved for the entire reactor to simulate the effects of varied operating conditions on substrate densification throughout the reactor during the CVI process. Of the conditions simulated, the reactor temperature was found to have the most significant impact on both the uniformity of densification and the process time required. As the temperature increased, the uniformity of densification decreased and the time at which pore blockage at the outer surface occurred was shortened. Increasing the hydrocarbon feed concentration shortened the process time, but did not affect the final level of densification, while the feed rate only affected CVI at intermediate times. Comparison between experimental pilot reactor results and model predictions were satisfactory at short and long times, but agreement was less satisfactory at intermediate times.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690390711
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of temperature on the phase equilibrium of aqueous two-phase polymer systems (1993)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 39 (1993), S. 1976-1984 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: We report experimental data showing the effect of temperature on polymer partitioning in the dextran (DEX500)-polyethylene glycol (PEG8000)-water system. Increasing temperature increases the concentration of PEG in the top phase and decreases the concentration of DEX in the bottom phase. A solution thermodynamic model based on local compositions with temperature-dependent parameters correlates the experimental data well, and an efficient Gibbs-free energy minimization algorithm for phase equilibrium calculations is described. The partial molar enthalpies and entropies of each of the solutes, calculated with the model, are negative and decrease in magnitude as temperature increases.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690391208
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