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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (93)
  • Oxford University Press  (58)
  • 1990-1994  (133)
  • 1960-1964  (18)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 16 (1990), S. 133-145 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: marsupials ; mammals ; primitive erythrocytes ; nucleated erythrocytes ; marginal bands ; microtubules ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Seeking to resolve conflicting literature on cytoskeletal structure in mammalian “primitive” generation erythrocytes, we have utilized the circulating blood of developing marsupials. In young of the Tammar Wallaby (Macropus eugenii) and the Gray Short-tailed Opossum (Monodelphis domestica), relatively large, nucleated primitive erythrocytes constituted nearly 100% of the circulating population of birth (= day 0) and in fetuses (Tammar) several days before birth. These cells were discoidal or elliptical, and flattened except for a nuclear bulge. Their cytoskeletal system, consisting of a marginal band of microtubules enclosed within a cell surface-associated network (membrane skeleton), closely resembled that of non-mammalian vertebrate erythocytes. By day 2 or 3, much smaller anucleate erythrocytes of “definitive” morphology, lacking marginal bands, appeared in abundance. These accounted for 〉90% of the circulating population of both species by day 6-8. Non-nucleated erythrocytes of a different type, constituting 1-6% of the cells in most blood samples up to day 7, were identified as anucleate primitives on the basis of size, shape, and presence of a marginal band. Thus, loss of erythrocyte nuclei in mammals appears to begin earlier than generally recognized, i.e., in the primitive generation. Counts of these anucleate primitives in young of various ages implicated nucleated primitives as their probable source. Pointed erythrocytes, occasionally found in younger neonates of both species, occurred in greatest number in fetuses (Tammar) prior to birth. This is in accord with previous work on non-mammalian vertebrates suggesting that such cells are morphogenetic intermediates. The results confirm the long-suspected similarity between mammalian primitive erythrocytes and the nucleated erythrocytes of all non-mammalian vertebrates.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 47 (1991), S. 62-78 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: tumor necrosis factor-α ; tumor cell adherence ; PKC ; PKA ; calcium ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We have previously demonstrated that the exposure of mouse microvascular endothelium (MME) to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) led to the increased binding of mouse mastocytoma cells (P815) to endothelial monolayers (Bereta et al., in press). In the current study we examined the possible involvement of protein kinases in TNF signal transduction in the endothelial cells. PKA does not appear to play a role in the potentiation of binding by TNF. We found that the TNF-generated signal is inhibited by H-7 and sangivamycin, but not by staurosporine. TNF did not cause translocation of PKC to the cell membrane and its effect could not be completely mimicked by PMA nor by PMA in the presence of calcium-raising agents. Thus, we concluded that the “classical” PKC pathway is not completely responsible for TNF signalling in this system. We also found that staurosporine itself strongly enhanced adhesion of tumor cells to endothelium, utilizing a mechanism distinct from that of TNF. Although the data provide evidence for the role of kinases in the effect of TNF on binding of tumor cells to MME, this role appears to be a complex one.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1993-01-01
    Print ISSN: 1367-4803
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2059
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Medicine
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 38 (1990), S. 693-699 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The fundamental mechanism responsible for high temperature superconductivity in the copper oxides is still not known. In view of this, it is important to consider how best to account for the normal state properties of these materials in the hope of characterizing the excitations which are relevant to the superconducting instability. Results of local density functional approximation (LDA) calculations are presented of the electronic density response, which yields predictions of phonon frequencies and electron-phonon interaction strength as well as structural parameters and structural instabilities. Structural properties and phonon frequencies are in excellent agreement with experiment in both La2-xMxCuO4 and YBa2Cu3O7. Theoretical evidence is also presented for strong nonlocal contributions to the electron-phonon coupling in these materials.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1H- and 13C-chemical shifts of the dianion of dibenzo[a,c]naphthacene (1) have unambiguously been assigned by 2D-NMR spectroscopy. They indicate a remarkable charge distribution, as most of the negative charge is localized on the ‘anthracenic’ moiety, while the ‘phenanthrenic’ moiety is almost neutral. Association of 12- with alkali-metal counterions has only a minor effect on the chemical shifts. The charge partitioning in 12-, which is reproduced by ωβ calculations in the frame of the Hückel model, must, thus, be considered as an intrinsic property of the 4nπ-electron system of 12-. It is rationalized in terms of differing energy contents of the constituent anthracenic and phenanthrenic moieties. ESR and ENDOR studies of the radical anion 1\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ 1^{\scriptstyle {{\relbar}\kern-4pt {.} }} $\end{document} and the radical cation 1\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ 1^{+ \atop \dot{}} $\end{document} show that the π-charge distribution in 12- is reflected by the π-spin distributions in the two radical ions of the alternant hydrocarbon 1.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 34 (1994), S. 1005-1010 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Brittle isotactic polystyrene has been toughened by the presence of emulsified rubber particles. Semicrystalline diblock copolymers of isotactic polystyrene and polybutadiene functioned successfully as emulsifying agents, as revealed by the results of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Semiquantitative measures of the toughness of the various materials were obtained via a home-built micromechanical testing device. The minimum amount of copolymer required to achieve emulsified morphologies and significant toughness depended on the thermal history of the material being tested.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 212 (1992), S. 257-267 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The ontogeny of various middle-ear structures was examined in 11 groups of chicks between 10 days embryonic and adult. Measurements of the tympanic membrane surface area and height, columella length, and that of the columella footplate, annular ligament, and oval window area were obtained using video micrographs and computer digitization techniques. The oval window matures first at 53 days post-hatching, whereas the columella achieves adult size at 74 days. The tympanic membrane surface area is the last middle-ear variable studied to reach adult size (79 days post-hatch). The columella increases its length from 0.63 mm (10 days embryonic) to 2.73 mm in the adult. The tympanic membrane area expands by 280% whereas the columellar footplate area increases by 11x. As a result, the pressure amplification of the middle ear due to the tympanic membrane/columellar footplate area ratio improves by over 400%. These data further contribute to our understanding of the functional development of the middle ear. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. 2003-2023 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: At temperatures far below the heat distortion point, the dissipation factor (and therefore power factor) of epoxy resins is comparably low - in the order of 0.001-0.01. Internally flexibilized, polyester-modified resins may have higher loss tangents, in the order of 0.01-0.10, even at room temperature. At temperatures far above the heat distortion point, anhydride curing agents give lower dissipation factors than do amines or acids. With anhydride cures, the higher molecular weight resins investigated cure faster than the lower molecular weight resins, give lower elevated temperature power factors and loss tangents, and are tougher. With any hardener-epoxy resin system, the optimum elevated temperature power factor, weight loss on aging and heat distortion point will probably depend on a close examination of the optimum hardener/resin ratio.With certain anhydride-cured low molecular weight epoxy resin systems, an increased rate of cure and lower elevated temperature power factor may be obtained by use of a small amount of higher molecular weight (polyhydroxy) epoxy resin. Attempts to compare the effect on power factor of changing the hydroxyl groups to less mobile dipoles by acetylation were unsuccessful, since the resulting acetoxy groups changed the cure mechanisms. However studies with resins of different molecular weights indicated that the effect of hydroxyl content on elevated temperature power factor is subordinate to other effects such as the rigidity of the cured resin system, rate of cure and ionic impurities. Acetylation of hydroxyl-containing epoxy resins may inhibit cure with some curing agents, due to side reactions of the resulting acetoxy group with specific hardeners.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 29 (1994), S. 57-71 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: microtubule bundling ; cytoskeleton ; tau ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Microtubule protein extracted from dogfish erythrocyte cytoskeletons by disassembly of marginal bands at low temperature formed linear microtubule (MT) bundles upon reassembly at 22°C. The bundles, which were readily visible by video-enhanced phase contrast or DIC microscopy, increased in length and thickness with time. At steady state after 1 hour, most bundles were 6-11 μm in length and 2-5 MTs in thickness. No inter-MT cross-bridges were visible by negative staining. The bundles exhibited mechanical stability in flow as well as flexibility, in this respect resembling native marginal bands. As analyzed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting, our standard extraction conditions yielded MT protein preparations and bundles containing tau protein but not high molecular weight MAPs such as MAP-2 or syncolin. In addition, late fractions of MT protein obtained by gel filtration were devoid of high molecular weight proteins but still produced MT bundles. The marginal band tau was salt-extractable and heat-stable, bound antibodies to mammalian brain tau, and formed aggregates upon desalting. Antibodies to tau blocked MT assembly, but both assembly and bundling occurred in the presence of antibodies to actin or syncolin. The MTs were “unbundled” by subtilisin or by high salt (0.5-1 M KCl or NaCl), consistent with tau involvement in bundling. High salt extracts retained bundling activity, and salt-induced unbundling was reversible with desalting. However, reversibility was observed only after salt-induced MT disassembly had occurred. Reconstitution experiments showed that addition of marginal band tau to preassembled MTs did not produce bundles, whereas tau presence during MT reassembly did yield bundles. Thus, in this system, tau appears to play a role in both MT assembly and bundling, serving in the latter function as a coassembly factor. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 17 (1990), S. 276-290 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: isoforms ; cytoskeleton ; angiosperms ; synthetic peptides ; IEF-SDS PAGE ; Western blot ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Actin protein isovariants have been identified in animals with distinct cytoplasmic or muscle specific patterns of expression. Analysis of vascular plant actin gene sequences suggests that an even greater diversity should exist within the plant actin protein families, but previous studies on plant proteins have not demonstrated the presence of multiple actin isovariants. Antibodies recognizing a conserved amino-terminal plant actin peptide, a family of plant actin peptides from a variable region, and two monoclonal antibodies to conserved epitopes within animal actins were used to identify isovariants of soybean actin resolved by two-dimensional isoelectric focusing (IEF) sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Approximately six to eight actin isovariants with pi values ranging from 5.1 to 5.8 have been identified from soybean hypocotyls. Stems, leaves, and roots with varying amounts of most isovariants present in all four organs. Acidic isovariants were present in much higher levels in leaves and stems. Antisera with λ-class actin specificity detected a subset of three isovariants in all organs examined. One monoclonal and one antipeptide antisera are shown to react well with a wide variety of plant actin isovariants. Similar patterns of actin isovariants were detected in the distant angiosperms, Arabidopsis petunia, and maize. It is likely that many of these diverse classes of isovariants have been preserved throughout vascular plant evolution and reflect the ancient diversity within plant actin gene families. The extreme difference among isovariants implies the presence of a complex actin-based cytoskeletal system in plants.
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