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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of metamorphic geology 9 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: ‘Lower crustal’ suite xenoliths in basaltic and kimberlitic magmas are dominated by mafic granulites and may also include eclogites and garnet pyroxenites. Pressures of up to 25 kbar obtained from such xenoliths are well in excess of an upper value of c. 12 kbar for exposed granulite terranes. Palaeogeotherms constructed from xenoliths for the lower crust beneath the Phanerozoic fold belts of eastern Australia (SEA) and beneath the eastern margin of the Australian craton (EMAC) indicate two distinct thermal regimes. The two geotherms have similar form, with the EMAC curve displaced c. 150°C to lower temperatures. Reaction microstructures show the partial re-equilibration of primary igneous assemblages to granulite and eclogite assemblages and are interpreted to reflect the cooling from magmatic temperatures. Variations in mineral compositions and zoning are used to constrain further the history of several EMAC xenoliths to near-isobaric trajectories.Detailed graphical models are constructed to predict compositional changes for isobaric P–T paths (at 7, 14 & 21 kbar) to transform an SEA-type geotherm to a cratonic geotherm. The models show that for the assemblage grt + cpx ± ky + plag + qtz, the changes associated with falling temperature in Xgr, Xjd (increase) and Xan (decrease) will be greater at higher pressures. These results indicate that discernible zoning is more likely to be preserved in the higher pressure xenoliths. The zoning recorded in clinopyroxene from mafic granulite xenoliths over the pressure range c. 12–22 kbar suggests isobaric cooling of a large crustal thickness (30–35 km).An isobaric cooling path is consistent with magma accretion models for the transition of a crust–mantle boundary from an SEA-type geotherm to a cratonic geotherm. The coexistence of granulite and eclogite over the depth range 35–75 km beneath the EMAC indicates that the granulite to eclogite transition in the lower crust is controlled by P–T conditions, bulk chemistry and kinetic factors. At shallower crustal levels, typified by exposed granulite terranes, isobaric cooling may not result in the transition to eclogite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 17 (1962), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This is a preliminary report on an instrument being developed for the measurement of pasture yield in situ. In essence the instrument is an electrical capacitance measuring unit in which the introduction of herbage to a measuring head causes a change in the electrical capacitance of the system. This capacitance change is measured at a radio frequency and used as an indicator of the mass of herbage contained within the measuring head.The development and construction of the instrument is described and data are presented for 15 calibration series in which frequency change has been related to pasture yield.Within series the instrument accounts for approximately 90% of the variation in pasture sample yield measured either as wet, dry or organic matter. However, significant differences exist between series. These differences would give rise to bias if pasture yield were estimated from a prediction equation derived from the pooled data.Possible sources of the differences between series are discussed and avenues for further development indicated.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    New technology, work and employment 7 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-005X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: The oversimplified analysis of subcontracting in terms of the relations between small and large firms needs to be abandoned in favour of a broader societal approach. Drawing on empirical evidence from Britain and France it is argued that such an approach can identify a wider range of political, social and economic factors affecting the decision to subcontract.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The sequence of the coagulase gene (coa) from Staphylococcus aureus strain 8325-4 is reported. The deduced amino acid sequence of the coagulase protein is compared with previously reported sequences of coagulases from strains 213 and BB. The secreted mature forms of coagulase proteins are composed of three distinct segments: (i) the N-terminal 150–270 residues, which are c. 50% identical, (ii) a central region with high (〉90%) residue identities, and (iii) a C-terminal region composed of repeated 27-amino-acid residue sequences. The variable N-terminal sequences are probably responsible for antigenic differences among coagulases of different serotype. The region of coagulase which binds to prothrombin and activates it to form staphylothrombin is also located in the N-terminal half of the protein.A site-specific substitution mutation in the coa gene, which abolished plasma clotting activity, was isolated by recombinational allele-replacement in strains 8325-4 and M60. The Coa− mutants did not show diminished virulence in subcutaneous and intramammary infections of mice. No evidence for a role for coagulase in virulence of toxigenic or non-toxigenic strains was obtained. This contradicts findings of several groups using Coa− mutants generated by chemical mutagenesis and suggests that the earlier results were obtained with strains that had suffered additional mutations in virulence-related genes.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A method Is described here that can be used to identify operons whose expression Is controlled by any particular regulator protein. This method was used to Identify operons whose expression is negatively regulated by Spo0A in Bacillus subtilis. Twenty-eight strains were identified, each of which contains an operon-lacZ transcriptional fusion, negatively regulated, either directly or Indirectly, by Spo0A. In one of these strains (CSA8), the lacZ gene is fused to the argC-F operon positioned at 100° on the B. subtilis chromosome. The regulated expression of this operon by Spo0A ∼ P is mediated indirectly through the transition state regulator AbrB and is manifest only during growth on solid medium. In a second strain (CSA15), the lacZ gene is fused to an operon encoding a transport system which displays features characteristic of the ABC group of transporters, and which has a very high level of identity to the ribose transport system from Escherichia coli Expression of the ribose transport operon is directed by a single SigA-type promoter. Transcription from this promoter is repressed by the phosphorylated form of Spo0A during the late-exponential/transition phase of the growth cycle and this control is not mediated through the transition-state regulator, AbrB.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 4 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The majority of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus that produce toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) fail to express α-toxin, despite having a copy of the hla gene in the chromosome. The hla gene was cloned from an Hla- TSST-1+ strain, Todd 555, which had been isolated from a case of toxic shock syndrome in the USA. Of the 630 bases of the Todd 555 gene sequenced, 46 differed from the hla gene sequence of strain Wood 46. The defect in α-toxin expression was shown to be due to a nonsense mutation which converted a CAG glutamine codon in the equivalent position in the functional Wood 46 sequence to a TAG stop codon. The same mutation was present in the hla gene cloned from a human septicaemia strain (V37) isolated in Dublin. The nonsense mutation of Todd 555 was suppressed by the supE 44 mutation in Escherichia coli resulting in haemolytic activity in cell lysates. Hybrid hla genes were formed by splicing fragments of hla from Todd 555 and Wood 46. Expression of one such chimaeric hla gene in S. aureus demonstrated that the Todd 555 hla gene has a functional agr-regulated promoter. The silent hla gene may be a cryptic gene in S. aureus.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 36 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 104 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Monoclinic pyrrhotite was prepared by the silica tube technique. All characteristic properties (X-ray, magnetic) point to the successful synthesis of Fe7S8. the material was separated into seven size fractions in the particle size range 1–30 μm, in which the particles are believed to contain only few domains. the magnetization process was studied at room temperature. the characteristics of the finest fraction (〈0.8 μm) are consistent with coherent rotations of monodomain moments and a triaxial symmetry of anisotropy within the basal plane. the in-plane anisotropy constant is about 3 times 103 Jm−3. In the sized fractions (1–30 μm) the variation of ratio of isothermal remanence to saturation magnetization (Mrs/Ms) can be fitted by models of increasing complexity based on the statistically expected number of domains in particles of a particular size. the data can also be fitted by (Mrs/Ms) = 0.52 exp(-0.047L̄1/2) where L̄ is the mean particle size in μm. the form of this expression is suggestive of the relevance of Poisson statistics to the magnetization process, but the numerical parameter within the exponential is physically implausible. Unlike titanomagnetite (Fe2.4 Ti0.6O4) particles of the same size range, the variation of coercive force (Hc) cannot be modelled on the basis of independent surface and volume pinning of domain walls. There is evidence for only one wall pinning mechanism in the 1–30 μm range in Fe7S8. A pleasing fit to the data is obtained by Hcr, = 75.5exp(-0.025L̄1/2)kA m-1. A similar dependence is found for Hcr, the coercive force of isothermal remanence. the susceptibility in the 1–30 μm range appears to be essentially the ‘intrinsic’ susceptibility and, if so, again provides evidence for only one wall pinning mechanism.
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