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  • Nitrate reductase  (3)
  • Springer  (3)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • Oxford University Press
  • 1990-1994  (3)
  • 1960-1964
Collection
Publisher
  • Springer  (3)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • Oxford University Press
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Year
  • 1
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Nicotiana tabacum ; Nitrate reductase ; Retrotransposon ; Transcription
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effects of Tntl retrotransposon insertion on nitrate reductase (NR) gene transcription have been analyzed in three NR-deficient insertional, mutants of Nicotiana tabacum. In the three mutants, named h9-Nia4, h9-Nia5 and h9-Nia6, Tnt1 was inserted into exon 3, exon 2 and exon 1 of the nia2 NR alloallelle, respectively. The mutants h9-Nia4 and h9-Nia6, which contained Tnt1 insertions that were oriented opposite to the direction of nia2 gene transcription, expressed chimaeric nia2-Tnt1 RNAs, respectively 12 kb and 10 kb long. The size observed in h9-Nia6 was close to the expected size for a full-length hybrid transcript starting and ending under the control of nia2 signals (about 9 kb). The larger transcript found in h9-Nia4 was shown to be due to a failure to splice the nia2 intron 2. The mutant h9-Nia5, which contained a Tntl insertion oriented in parallel with the direction of nia2 transcription expressed two truncated nia2-Tnt1 RNAs, 2 kb and 6.7 kb long. These transcripts arose from termination in the long terminal repeats (LTRs) of Tull. Since no full-length hybrid RNA was detected, we suggest that Tnt1 carries efficient termination signals, which are more efficiently recognized in the 3′ LTR than in the 5′ LTR.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Nitrate reductase ; Reporter gene ; Nicotiana tabacum ; Nicotiana plumbaginifolia ; Transgenic plant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Reporter gene techniques and mutant analysis were used to identify the molecular basis of the regulation of the expression of nitrate reductase (NR) by nitrate and nitrate-, or ammonium-derived metabolites (N-metabolites), in the true diploïd species Nicotiana plumbaginifolia and in the amphidiploïd species Nicotiana tabacum. The N. plumbaginifolia mutant E23 results from the insertion of a Tnt1-like retrotransposon (Tnp2) in the first exon of the single-copy nia gene, which encodes nitrate reductase. One of the resulting transcripts ends in the 5′ LTR (long terminal repeat) sequence of this retrotransposon, and another one in the 3′ LTR. Nitrate and N-metabolites modulate the expression of these truncated transcripts, indicating that intron splicing and termination processes are not essential to these regulatory events. A GUS reporter sequence was transcriptionally linked to the promoter of the nia-1 gene of N. tabacum. This fusion was functional in transient expression assays done with protoplasts derived from mesophyll cells of N. tabacum. However none of the regulatory mechanisms known to affect steady-state levels of the nia-1 transcript were operative under these experimental conditions. Transgenic plants carrying either this fusion or translational fusions of GUS linked to the promoter of either the nia-1 or nia-2 gene of N. tabacum were obtained by Agrobacterium-mediated transfer. A low proportion of the transgenic plants (22 out of 105 independent transformants) expressed GUS activity although at a low level. Only 4 plants exhibited a detectable level of GUS mRNA. The concentration of this mRNA increased significantly in an NR-deficient background, indicating regulation by N-metabolites. Only 2 plants, however, showed regulation (induction) by nitrate. Attempts to use aux2 or nptII reporter sequences linked to either the nia-1 or nia-2 promoter as marker genes for the selection of regulatory mutants of the nitrate assimilation pathway were unsuccessful because of our inability to isolate transgenic plants in which these reporter genes were properly regulated by nitrate. The implications of these results are discussed.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Transposable element ; Nitrate reductase ; Nicotiana plumbaginifolia ; γ-Ray mutagenesis ; Nucleotide sequence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract By Northern blot analysis of nitrate reductase-deficient mutants of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, we identified a mutant (mutant D65), obtained after γ-ray irradiation of protoplasts, which contained an insertion sequence in the nitrate reductase (NR) mRNA. This insertion sequence was localized by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the first exon of NR and was also shown to be present in the NR gene. The mutant gene contained a 565 by insertion sequence that exhibits the sequence characteristics of a transposable element, which was thus named dTnp1. The dTnp1 element has 14 by terminal inverted repeats and is flanked by an 8-bp target site duplication generated upon transposition. These inverted repeats have significant sequence homology with those of other transposable elements. Judging by its size and the absence of a long open reading frame, dTnp1 appears to represent a defective, although mobile, transposable element. The octamer motif TTTAGGCC was found several times in direct orientation near the 5′ and 3′ ends of dTnp1 together with a perfect palindrome located after the 5′ inverted repeat. Southern blot analysis using an internal probe of dTnp1 suggested that this element occurs as a single copy in the genome of N. plumbaginifolia. It is also present in N. tabacum, but absent in tomato or petunia. The dTnp1 element is therefore of potential use for gene tagging in Nicotiana species.
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