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  • 65F10  (3)
  • Circadian rhythms  (3)
  • Springer  (6)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • Oxford University Press
  • 1990-1994  (6)
  • 1960-1964
Collection
Publisher
  • Springer  (6)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • Oxford University Press
Years
  • 1990-1994  (6)
  • 1960-1964
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computing 47 (1991), S. 137-151 
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: AMS(MOS) 65N20 ; 65F10 ; 68A20 ; CR: G.1.3 ; G.1.8 ; Elliptic problems ; finite elements ; substructuring ; domain decomposition ; preconditioners ; parallel algorithms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein neuer Zugang zur Konstruktion von Vorkonditionierungsoperatoren auf der Basis von Gebietsdekompositionstechniken (DD Techniken) beschrieben. Anwendungen finden diese DD Vorkonditionierungen im Verfahren der konjugierten Gradienten zur iterativen Lösung von symmetrischen und positiv definiten Finiten-Elemente Gleichungen. Die DD Technik basiert auf einer Zerlegung des Gebietes Ω inp sich nicht überlappende Teilgebiete, die später denp Prozessoren eines MIMD Rechners zugeordnet sind. Die DD Vorkonditionierung enthält drei Blockmatrizen, die für ein konkretes Anwendungsproblem jeweils zu spezifizieren sind. Eine dieser Matrizen wird genutzt, um die Knotenbasis in eine näherungsweise diskret harmonische Basis zu transformieren. Die anderen beiden Matrizen können als Blockvorkonditionierungen für die in jedem Teilgebiet entstehenden Dirichlet-Probleme und für ein modifiziertes Schurkomplement auf den Knoten der Koppelränder zwischen den Teilgebieten interpretiert werden. Die relative spektrale Konditionszahl wird abgeschätzt. Eine direkte Verbindung der vorgeschlagenen DD Vorkonditionierung zu einer Additiven Schwarzschen Methode kann gezeigt werden. Im zweiten Teil dieser Artikelserie werden die Resultate dieser Arbeit auf ebene, symmetrische Randwertprobleme für partielle Differentialgleichungen zweiter Ordnung angewandt und die numerischen Resultate, die auf einem Transputer-Hypercube erzeugt wurden, diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract We present a new approach to the construction of Domain Decomposition (DD) preconditioners for the conjugate gradient method applied to the solution of symmetric and positive definite finite element equations. The DD technique is based on a non-overlapping decomposition of the domain Ω intop subdomains connected later with thep processors of a MIMD computer. The DD preconditioner derived contains three block matrices which must be specified for the specific problem considered. One of the matrices is used for the transformation of the nodal finite element basis into the approximate discrete harmonic basis. The other two matrices are block preconditioners for the Dirichlet problems arising on the subdomains and for a modified Schur complement defined over all nodes on the coupling boundaries between the subdomains. The relative spectral condition number is estimated. Relations to the additive Schwarz method are discussed. In the second part of this paper, we will apply the results of this paper to two-dimensional, symmetric, second-order, elliptic boundary value problems and present numerical results performed on a transputer-network.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computing 45 (1990), S. 217-234 
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: AMS(MOS) 65N20 ; 65F10 ; CR: G.1.3, G.1.8 ; Domain decomposition method ; iterative solvers ; finite element equations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine Strategie zum Einsatz des Verfahrens der konjugierten Gradienten mit Vorkonditionierung für Multiprozessorsysteme der ‘message passing’-Architektur wird beschrieben. Zur Vorkonditionierung werden die Techniken Schur-Komplement-Vorkonditionierung für “Koppelränder” zwischen Teilgebieten und beliebige Wahl einer klassischen Vorkonditionierung für die inneren Freiheitsgrade der Teilgebiete diskutiert. Der gesamte Arithmetikaufwand für die einzelnen Teilgebiete ist vollständig parallelisiert durch die Verteilung aller Teilgebietsdaten über das Prozessornetzwerk vor dem Beginn des FEM-Lösungsprozesses (incl. Generieren der Elementmatrizen, Assemblieren der Teilsteifigkeitsmatrix). Die resultierende spektrale Konditionszahl der wirkenden Vorkonditionierungsmatrix wird abgeschätzt. Für ein wichtiges Beispiel (MIC(0)*-Vorkonditionierung in jedem Teilgebiet) ergibt sich die Konditionszahl im wesentlichen als Produkt der beiden Konditionszahlen der benutzten Vorkonditionierungstechniken.
    Notes: Abstract We describe a preconditioned conjugate gradient solution strategy for a multiprocessor system with message passing architecture. The preconditioner combines two techniques, a Schurcomplement preconditioning over “coupling boundaries” between the subdomains and an arbitrary choice of classic preconditioning for the inner degrees of freedom on each subdomain. All computational work on the single subdomains is carried out in parallel by distributing the subdomain data over the processor network before starting the finite element solution process (including generating the element matrices and assemblying the local subdomain stiffness matrix). The resulting spectral condition number of the entire preconditioner is estimated. For the important example of choosing MIC(0)-*-preconditioning on the subdomains, the condition number obtained is essentially the product of the two condition numbers involved.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 171 (1993), S. 713-724 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Circadian rhythms ; Seasonality ; Locomotor activity ; Carabid beetles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Daily periodic locomotor activity of Carabus auronitens was recorded in a climate-constant laboratory with the animals exposed to naturally changing photoperiods. Most actograms exhibit directed seasonal variations of duration and phase position of daily activity. Seasonal locomotor activity starts in early spring (following dormancy) on a low daily level, first being confined to a short time span around dusk (and even shorter around dawn). In the course of season, the daily onsets of activity become closely related with sunset and the duration of daily activity is steadily extended with both parts of the bimodal phase fusing to a common, unimodal activity band by late spring. Subsequently, it is further extended into forenoon, until in summer (shortly before aestivation), spontaneous phase inversion turns activity periodicity from nocturnality into diurnality within 1 day. Such seasonal variations are paralleled by changes in the precision of synchronization of the individuals' activity rhythms to the entraining light/dark cycle. No geographical differences were detected. The results support the idea of the circadian clock as a system of two dynamically coupled physiological oscillators that invert their phase relation as soon as the natural dark phase falls short of some minimum-tolerable night length.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 173 (1993), S. 49-55 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Circadian rhythms ; Feeding effects ; Locomotor activity ; Ground beetles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Effects of food supply on daily periodic locomotor activity in the ground beetle Carabus auronitens were recorded in the laboratory with the animals exposed to natural daylight and photoperiod. Inspection of individual actograms exhibits that in most cases feeding leads to strongly reduced and more or less irregularly distributed activity for a period of up to 4 days. In terms of quantitative parameters, the animals respond to food supply by an immediate reduction of mean amounts of daily activity. This is achieved through the reduction of duration (as a consequence of reduced burstlengths instead of burstnumber) and, less distinctly, the reduction of intensity. The initial levels of parameters are reattained after 4 days. Direct comparison by means of standardized (i.e. level-independent) relative parameter functions demonstrates close concordance between the amount and duration of daily activity; however, distinct synchronous change of intensity is apparent as a consequence of food supply only. This means that any variation of activity amounts is due to changing duration rather than to intensity variation. In analogy to the feeding-dependent parameter dynamics, also the proportion of animals with strong synchronization to the natural light/dark cycle is considerably reduced by food supply. The feeding-dependent reduction of activity is paralleled by temporarily reduced activity of proteolytic enzymes in the beetles. It is argued that, for the purpose of energy saving, the animals will remain inactive as long as reduced enzyme activity inhibits further consumption and digestion of food.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 173 (1993), S. 615-619 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Photoreception ; Circadian rhythms ; Visual pigment ; Antarctica ; Crustacea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 1. Relative retinal amounts in the compound eye of the Antarctic amphipod Orchomene plebs were assessed during conditions of continuous summer daylight every 3 h over a period of 48 h. The habitat of the experimental animal is the bottom of the Ross Sea (78°S; 166°E) down to depths of at least 400 m; water temperature is a constant — 1.8° C. A periodicity of 12 h was detected with relative amounts of 11-cis retinal exhibiting peaks at midday and at midnight and troughs at 7.00 h and 19.00 h. 2. The result that 90% of retinoid were insoluble in n-hexane suggests that at least 90% of the measured retinoid were attached to membrane-bound proteins such as opsin. 3. Selective light adaptation showed that the visual pigments were thermostable and photoregenerable. The main absorbance peak of rhodopsin, compared with metarhodopsin, seems to be in the longer wavelengths.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: AMS (MOS) 65N20 ; 65F10 ; 68A20 ; CR: G. 1.3 ; G.1.8 ; Elliptic Problems ; finite elements ; substructuring ; domain decomposition ; preconditioners ; parallel algorithms ; hierarchical bases ; multigrid techniques
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im ersten Teil dieser Artikelserie haben wir auf Basis von Gebietsdekompositionstechniken (DD Techniken) Vorkonditionierungsoperatoren konstruiert. Diese DD Vorkonditionierungen enthalten drei Blockmatrizen, die für spezifische Anwendungsfälle zu konkretisieren sind. In der vorliegenden Arbeit betrachten wir Finite-Elemente-Gleichungen, die bei der DD Diskretisierung von ebenen, symmetrischen, elliptischen Randwertproblemen für partielle Differentialgleichungen zweiter Ordnung entstehen. Zur Definition der oben genannten Blockmatrizen werden Mehrgitter-und hierarchische Techniken herangezogen. Die entstehenden DD-PCCCG Verfahren sind bezüglich des arithmetischen Aufwands asymptotisch fast optimal und bestens zur Parallelrechnung auf MIMD-Computern mit lokalem Speicher und Botschaftenaustausch geeignet. Die auf einem Transputer-Hypercube durchgeführten numerischen Experimente belegen nachhaltig die Effektivität der vorgeschlagenen DD Vorkonditionierungen.
    Notes: Abstract In the first part of this article series, we had derived Domain Decomposition (DD) preconditioners containing three block matrices which must be specified for specific applications. In the present paper, we consider finite element equations arising from the DD discretization of plane, symmetric, 2nd-order, elliptic b.v.p.s and specify the matrices involved in the preconditioner via multigrid and hierarchical techniques. The resulting DD-PCCG methods are asymptotically almost optimal with respect to the operation count and well suited for parallel computations on MIMD computers with local memory and message passing. The numerical experiments performed on a transputer hypercube confirm the efficiency of the DD preconditioners proposed.
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