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  • Molecular Sequence Data  (5)
  • ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND CIRCUITS
  • 1990-1994  (6)
  • 1965-1969  (2)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 1990-12-21
    Description: Human growth hormone (hGH) elicits a diverse set of biological activities including lactation that derives from binding to the prolactin (PRL) receptor. The binding affinity of hGH for the extracellular binding domain of the hPRL receptor (hPRLbp) was increased about 8000-fold by addition of 50 micromolar ZnCl2. Zinc was not required for binding of hGH to the hGH binding protein (hGHbp) or for binding of hPRL to the hPRLbp. Other divalent metal ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, and Co2+) at physiological concentrations did not support such strong binding. Scatchard analysis indicated a stoichiometry of one Zn2+ per hGH.hPRLbp complex. Mutational analysis showed that a cluster of three residues (His18, His21, and Glu174) in hGH and His188 from the hPRLbp (conserved in all PRL receptors but not GH receptors) are probable Zn2+ ligands. This polypeptide hormone.receptor "zinc sandwich" provides a molecular mechanism to explain why nonprimate GHs are not lactogenic and offers a molecular link between zinc deficiency and its association with altered functions of hGH.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cunningham, B C -- Bass, S -- Fuh, G -- Wells, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Dec 21;250(4988):1709-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Protein Engineering, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2270485" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Chlorides/*pharmacology ; Growth Hormone/*metabolism ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Plasmids ; Protein Conformation ; Receptors, Prolactin/drug effects/genetics/*metabolism ; Restriction Mapping ; Zinc/metabolism/*pharmacology ; *Zinc Compounds
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1990-03-23
    Description: A strategy of iterative site-directed mutagenesis and binding analysis was used to incorporate the receptor-binding determinants from human growth hormone (hGH) into the nonbinding homolog, human prolactin (hPRL). The complementary DNA for hPRL was cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli, and mutated to introduce sequentially those substitutions from hGH that were predicted by alanine-scanning mutagenesis and other studies to be most critical for binding to the hGH receptor from human liver. After seven rounds of site-specific mutagenesis, a variant of hPRL was obtained containing eight mutations with an association constant for the hGH receptor that was increased more than 10,000-fold. This hPRL variant binds one-sixth as strongly as wild-type hGH, but shares only 26 percent overall sequence identity with hGH. These studies show the feasibility of recruiting receptor-binding properties from distantly related and functionally divergent hormones and show that a detailed functional database can be used to guide the design of a protein-protein interface in the absence of direct structural information.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cunningham, B C -- Henner, D J -- Wells, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Mar 23;247(4949 Pt 1):1461-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Protein Engineering, Genentech, Inc. South San Francisco, CA 94080.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2321008" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Growth Hormone/genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Plasmids ; Prolactin/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Receptors, Somatotropin/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1991-11-08
    Description: Human growth hormone (hGH) forms a 1:2 complex with the extracellular domain of its receptor-binding protein (hGHbp) as studied by crystallization, size exclusion chromatography, calorimetry, and a previously undescribed fluorescence quenching assay. These and other experiments with protein engineered variants of hGH have led to the identification of the binding determinants for two distinct but adjacent sites on hGH for the hGHbp, and the data indicated that there are two overlapping binding sites on the hGHbp for hGH. Furthermore, the binding of hGH to the hGHbp occurred sequentially; a first hGHbp molecule bound to site 1 on hGH and then a second hGHbp bound to site 2. Hormone-induced receptor dimerization is proposed to be relevant to the signal transduction mechanism for the hGH receptor and other related cytokine receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cunningham, B C -- Ultsch, M -- De Vos, A M -- Mulkerrin, M G -- Clauser, K R -- Wells, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 8;254(5033):821-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Protein Engineering, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1948064" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Binding Sites ; Chromatography, Gel ; Growth Hormone/*metabolism ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Macromolecular Substances ; Models, Structural ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Protein Conformation ; Receptors, Somatotropin/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1994-10-14
    Description: An engineered variant of subtilisin BPN', termed subtiligase, which efficiently ligates esterified peptides in aqueous solution, was used for the complete synthesis of ribonuclease (RNase) A that contains unnatural catalytic residues. Fully active RNase A (124 residues long) was produced in milligram quantities by stepwise ligation of six esterified peptide fragments (each 12 to 30 residues long) at yields averaging 70 percent per ligation. Variants of RNase A were produced in which the catalytic histidines at positions 12 and 119 were substituted with the unnatural amino acid 4-fluorohistidine, which has a pKa of 3.5 compared to 6.8 for histidine. Large changes in the profile of the pH as it affects rate occurred for the single and double mutants with surprisingly little change in the kcat for either the RNA cleavage or hydrolysis steps. The data indicate that these imidazoles function as general acids and bases, but that the proton transfer steps are not rate-limiting when the imidazoles are present in their correct protonation states. These studies indicate the potential of subtiligase for the blockwise synthesis of large proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jackson, D Y -- Burnier, J -- Quan, C -- Stanley, M -- Tom, J -- Wells, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Oct 14;266(5183):243-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Protein Engineering, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7939659" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Esterification ; Histidine/analogs & derivatives/analysis ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nucleotides, Cyclic/metabolism ; Protein Engineering/*methods ; Ribonuclease, Pancreatic/*chemical synthesis/chemistry/isolation & purification ; Subtilisins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Uridine Monophosphate/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1993-05-21
    Description: A method is described here for identifying good protease substrates among approximately 10(7) possible sequences. A library of fusion proteins was constructed containing an amino-terminal domain used to bind to an affinity support, followed by a randomized protease substrate sequence and the carboxyl-terminal domain of M13 gene III. Each fusion protein was displayed as a single copy on filamentous phagemid particles (substrate phage). Phage were then bound to an affinity support and treated with the protease of interest. Phage with good protease substrates were released, whereas phage with substrates that resisted proteolysis remained bound. After several rounds of binding, proteolysis, and phagemid propagation, sensitive and resistant substrate sequences were identified for two different proteases, a variant of subtilisin and factor Xa. The technique may also be useful for studying the sequence specificity of a variety of posttranslational modifications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matthews, D J -- Wells, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 May 21;260(5111):1113-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Protein Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8493554" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacteriophages/*genetics ; Base Sequence ; Computer Simulation ; Factor Xa/chemistry/*metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Oligopeptides/chemistry/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Substrate Specificity ; Subtilisins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-05-29
    Description: Device for locating leaks in a vacuum-jacketed liquid-hydrogen transfer line consists of two Mylar discs, a source of nitrogen and helium gas, and a mass spectrometer. The outer jacket of the pipeline does not need to be removed for the locator to be used.
    Keywords: ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND CIRCUITS
    Type: MFS-888
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-05-29
    Description: Positive-displacement flowmeter measures low gas-flow rates by gaging the time required for a slug of mercury to pass between two reference levels in a tube of known volume.
    Keywords: ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND CIRCUITS
    Type: MFS-215
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Unknown
    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Addition of fixed resistor between battery and clocked complementary metal oxide/semiconductor (CMOS) circuit reduces current drawn from battery. Basic idea to minimize current drawn from battery by operating CMOS circuit at lowest possible current consistent with use of simple, fixed off-the-shelf components. Prolongs lives of batteries in such low-power CMOS circuits as watches and calculators.
    Keywords: ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND CIRCUITS
    Type: NPO-17967 , NASA Tech Briefs (ISSN 0145-319X); 15; 9; P. 29
    Format: text
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