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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (1,562)
  • Animals  (365)
  • 1990-1994  (1,512)
  • 1965-1969  (415)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyimides and polyamide-imides containing arylene sulfone ether linkagesNCL Communication No. 4465. (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 40 (1990), S. 1023-1035 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polyimides and polyamide-imides containing arylene sulfone ether linkages were synthesized from 4,4′-bis(4-isocyanatophenoxy) diphenylsufone (SPI), 4,4′-bis(3-isocyanatophenoxy) diphenylsulfone (SMI), pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA), and trimellitic anhydride (TMA) using one-step method. The diisocyanates SPI and SMI were synthesized from 4,4′-bis (4-carboxyphenoxy) diphenylsulfone (SPA) and 4,4′-bis(3-carboxyphenoxy) diphenylsulfone (SMA) by a Weinstock-modified curtius rearrangement method. All the polycondensation reactions were carried out in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and the polymers obtained were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, solution viscosity, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070400534
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  • 2
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    A family of three mouse potassium channel genes with intronless coding regions (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-02-23
    Description: To understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for generating physiologically diverse potassium channels in mammalian cells, mouse genomic clones have been isolated with a potassium channel complementary DNA, MBK1, that is homologous to the Drosophila potassium channel gene, Shaker. A family of three closely related potassium channel genes (MK1, MK2, and MK3) that are encoded at distinct genomic loci has been isolated. Sequence analysis reveals that the coding region of each of these three genes exists as a single uninterrupted exon in the mouse genome. This organization precludes the generation of multiple forms of the protein by alternative RNA splicing, a mechanism known to characterize the Drosophila potassium channel genes Shaker and Shab. Thus, mammals may use a different strategy for generating diverse K+ channels by encoding related genes at multiple distinct genomic loci, each of which produces only a single protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chandy, K G -- Williams, C B -- Spencer, R H -- Aguilar, B A -- Ghanshani, S -- Tempel, B L -- Gutman, G A -- AI21366/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI24783/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- NS27206/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):973-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine 92717.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2305265" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Probes ; Drosophila/genetics ; Exons ; *Introns ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Potassium Channels ; Restriction Mapping
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Rodent carcinogens: setting priorities (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-10-09
    Description: The human diet contains an enormous background of natural chemicals, such as plant pesticides and the products of cooking, that have not been a focus of carcinogenicity testing. A broadened perspective that includes these natural chemicals is necessary. A comparison of possible hazards for 80 daily exposures to rodent carcinogens from a variety of sources is presented, using an index (HERP) that relates human exposure to carcinogenic potency in rodents. A similar ordering would be expected with the use of standard risk assessment methodology for the same human exposure values. Results indicate that, when viewed against the large background of naturally occurring carcinogens in typical portions of common foods, the residues of synthetic pesticides or environmental pollutants rank low. A similar result is obtained in a separate comparison of 32 average daily exposures to natural pesticides and synthetic pesticide residues in the diet. Although the findings do not indicate that these natural dietary carcinogens are important in human cancer, they cast doubt on the relative importance for human cancer of low-dose exposures to synthetic chemicals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gold, L S -- Slone, T H -- Stern, B R -- Manley, N B -- Ames, B N -- CA39910/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- ESO1896/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 9;258(5080):261-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, CA 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1411524" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carcinogenicity Tests/*standards ; *Carcinogens/administration & dosage/analysis ; Environmental Exposure ; Environmental Pollutants/adverse effects ; Food Analysis ; *Food Contamination ; Humans ; Pesticide Residues/adverse effects ; Risk Factors ; *Rodentia
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Regulation of lymphoid-specific immunoglobulin mu heavy chain gene enhancer by ETS-domain proteins (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-07-02
    Description: The enhancer for the immunoglobulin mu heavy chain gene (IgH) activates a heterologous gene at the pre-B cell stage of B lymphocyte differentiation. A lymphoid-specific element, microB, is necessary for enhancer function in pre-B cells. A microB binding protein is encoded by the PU.1/Spi-1 proto-oncogene. Another sequence element, microA, was identified in the mu enhancer that binds the product of the ets-1 proto-oncogene. The microA motif was required for microB-dependent enhancer activity, which suggests that a minimal B cell-specific enhancer is composed of both the PU.1 and Ets-1 binding sites. Co-expression of both PU.1 and Ets-1 in nonlymphoid cells trans-activated reporter plasmids that contained the minimal mu enhancer. These results implicate two members of the Ets family in the activation of IgH gene expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nelsen, B -- Tian, G -- Erman, B -- Gregoire, J -- Maki, R -- Graves, B -- Sen, R -- 1K04GM00563/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM38663/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM38925/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jul 2;261(5117):82-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rosenstiel Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02254.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8316859" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/cytology/*metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Female ; Genes, Immunoglobulin ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin mu-Chains/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1 ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets ; Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Maternal rescue of transforming growth factor-beta 1 null mice (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-06-24
    Description: Maternal sources of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) are shown here to contribute to the normal appearance and perinatal survival of TGF-beta 1 null newborn mice. Labeled TGF-beta 1 crossed the placenta and was recovered intact from various tissues after oral administration to mouse pups. TGF beta-1 protein was also detected in cells recovered from breast milk. In immunohistochemical analyses, TGF-beta 1 null embryos and null newborn pups born to TGF-beta 1 heterozygotes stained positive for TGF-beta 1, whereas those born to a null female were negative and had severe cardiac abnormalities. These results suggest an important role for maternal sources of TGF-beta 1 during development and, more generally, provide evidence for maternal rescue of targeted gene disruption in the fetus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Letterio, J J -- Geiser, A G -- Kulkarni, A B -- Roche, N S -- Sporn, M B -- Roberts, A B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jun 24;264(5167):1936-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Chemoprevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8009224" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Female ; Fetus/*metabolism ; Heart Defects, Congenital/etiology ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; *Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Mice ; Milk/chemistry ; Pregnancy ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/analysis/biosynthesis/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    FGF-2: apical ectodermal ridge growth signal for chick limb development (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-04-01
    Description: The apical ectodermal ridge permits growth and elongation of amniote limb buds; removal causes rapid changes in mesodermal gene expression, patterned cell death, and truncation of the limb. Ectopic fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 supplied to the chick apical bud mesoderm after ridge removal will sustain normal gene expression and cell viability, and allow relatively normal limb development. A bioassay for FGFs demonstrated that FGF-2 was the only detectable FGF in chick limb bud extracts. By distribution and bioactivity, FGF-2 is the prime candidate for the chick limb bud apical ridge growth signal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fallon, J F -- Lopez, A -- Ros, M A -- Savage, M P -- Olwin, B B -- Simandl, B K -- 5T32GM07507/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD20743/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Apr 1;264(5155):104-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Anatomy Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7908145" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Assay ; Cell Death ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Chick Embryo ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Ectoderm/chemistry/*physiology ; Extremities/*embryology ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/analysis/metabolism/pharmacology/*physiology ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Homeobox ; *Homeodomain Proteins ; Humans ; MSX1 Transcription Factor ; Mesoderm/*cytology/metabolism ; Muscles/cytology ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism/pharmacology ; *Transcription Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Spatially resolved dynamics of cAMP and protein kinase A subunits in Aplysia sensory neurons (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-04-09
    Description: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase, labeled with fluorescein and rhodamine on the catalytic and regulatory subunits, respectively, was injected into Aplysia sensory neurons either in culture or in intact cell clusters. Energy transfer between the subunits, a measure of cytosolic cAMP concentration ([cAMP]), and compartmentation of the dissociated subunits were monitored by confocal fluorescence microscopy. Bath application of serotonin produced a much greater elevation of [cAMP] in the processes than in the central bodies of the neurons. The resulting gradients must drive a sizable centripetal flux of cAMP because direct microinjection of cAMP showed that it diffused readily. Perinuclear increases in [cAMP] slowly caused the translocation of the freed catalytic subunit into the nucleus to an extent proportional to the percentage of its dissociation from the regulatory subunit.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bacskai, B J -- Hochner, B -- Mahaut-Smith, M -- Adams, S R -- Kaang, B K -- Kandel, E R -- Tsien, R Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Apr 9;260(5105):222-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0647.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7682336" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Aplysia ; Cell Compartmentation ; Cell Nucleus/enzymology/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic AMP/*metabolism ; Cytoplasm/enzymology/metabolism ; Diffusion ; Fluorescein ; Fluoresceins ; Microinjections ; Neurons, Afferent/drug effects/enzymology/*metabolism ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Rhodamines ; Serotonin/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eine neue methode zur herstellung von hydroxyterminierten polydienen (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 174 (1990), S. 69-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: It is shown, that hydroxyterminated polydienes of good microstructure and functionality and a narrow molecular weight distribution can be prepared using di-hydroxyethyl-azo-bis-isobutyramide as an initiator. The activation energy of the initiator decay has been determined by volumetric measurement of the nitrogen evolved in this reaction.
    Notes: Es wird gezeigt, daß hydroxyterminierte Polydiene mit guter Mikrostruktur und Funktionalität sowie enger Molekulargewichtsverteilung unter Verwendung von Azobis-isobuttersäure-di-hydroxyethylamid hergestellt werden können. Die Aktivierungsenergie des Initiatorzerfalls wurde durch volumetrische Messung des bei dieser Reaktion freiwerdenden Strickstoffs bestimmt.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1990.051740106
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hybrid Monte Carlo simulations theory and initial comparison with molecular dynamics (1993)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 33 (1993), S. 1307-1315 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A formal partially dynamical approach to ergodic sampling, hybrid Monte Carlo, has been adapted for the first time from its proven application in quantum chromodynamics to realistic molecular systems. A series of simulations of pancreatic trypsin inhibitor were run using temperature-rescaled molecular dynamics and hybrid Monte Carlo. It was found that simulations run using hybrid Monte Carlo equilibrated an order of magnitude faster than those run using temperature-rescaled molecular dynamics. Certain aspects of improved performance obtained using hybrid Monte Carlo are probably due to the increased efficiency with which this algorithm explores phase space. To discuss this we introduce the notion of “trajectory stiffness”. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360330815
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quinacrine: Spectroscopic properties and interactions with polynucleotides (1993)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 33 (1993), S. 1431-1442 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The acridine dye quinacrine and its interactions with calf thymus DNA, poly(dA-dT) · poly (dA-dT), and poly (dG-dC) · poly(dG-dC) were studied by light absorption, linear dichroism, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The transition moments of quinacrine give rise to absorption bands polarized along the short axis (400-480-nm band), and the long axis (345-nm and 290-nm bands) of the molecule, respectively. Linear dichroism studies show that quinacrine intercalates into calf thymus DNA as well as into the polynucleotides, displaying fairly homogeneous binding to poly (dA-dT) · poly (dA-dT), but more than one type of intercalation site for calf thymus DNA and poly (dG-dC) · poly(dG-dC). Fluorescence spectroscopy shows that for free quinacrine the pK = 8.1 between the mono- and diprotonated states also remains unchanged in the excited state. Quinacrine bound to calf thymus DNA and polynucleotides exhibits light absorption typical for the intercalated diprotonated form. The fluorescence enhancement of quinacrine bound to poly (dA-dT) · poly(dA-dT) may be due to shielding from water interactions involving transient H-bond formation. The fluorescence quenching in poly(dG-dC) · poly(dG-dC) may be due to excited state electron transfer from guanine to quinacrine. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360330913
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