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  • Articles  (6)
  • Lepidoptera  (6)
  • Springer  (6)
  • 1990-1994  (6)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1935-1939
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of volatile compounds from fungus-infected date fruit that stimulate upwind flight in femaleEctomyelois ceratoniae (1994)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 72 (1994), S. 233-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Ectomyelois ceratoniae ; carob moth ; host-finding ; Phoenix dactylifera ; dates ; gas chromatography-electrophysiology ; mass spectrometry ; wind tunnel ; attraction ; volatiles ; headspace
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Four volatile compounds emitted from fungus-infected date fruit,Phoenix dactylifera L., were identified using coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic recordings, coupled gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis, electroantennographic assays of synthetic standards, and wind tunnel bioassays. These compounds were ethyl hexanoate, ethanol, acetaldehyde, and 2-phenylethanol. Wind tunnel bioassays showed that ethyl hexanoate was capable of stimulating upwind flight and landing on the source by mated female carob moths,Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller). Addition of both ethanol and acetaldehyde to ethyl hexanoate resulted in an increase in attraction to a level similar to that found for date fruits. No such effect was noted for additions of 2-phenylethanol at the dosages tested. In this study, it appears that ethyl hexanoate is a dominant olfactory stimulant and attractant for mated female carob moths, and represents a novel compound with regard to previously identified lepidopteran host odor attractants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02383810
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visual feedback in the control of pheromone-mediated flight ofHeliothis virescens males (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 7 (1994), S. 605-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Heliothis ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; pheromone ; visual feedback
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract MaleHeliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were made to fly into a uniformly white and translucent tube within a large wind tunnel while responding to sex pheromone. Different visual patterns placed within the tube greatly affected the ability of the male moths to maintain upwind progress or remain oriented to the wind while in contact with the plume. Over 89% of males attempting to fly through a blank tube, lacking visual patterns, became disoriented, the males gaining or losing altitude and repeatedly hitting the sides of the tube. Patterns of 20–40 dots placed on the sides of the tube at or slightly above plume level resulted in high levels of sustained upwind flight (47–74%) relative to patterns placed directly below (30–40%), directly above (35%), or slightly below the level of the flight path (26–44%). Optimal upwind progression in pheromone-responding males occurred when image motion could be resolved both transversely (T), orthogonally to the longitudinal axis of the body relative to the horizontal plane of the environment, and longitudinally (L), along the body axis. Even very sparse patterns (single rows of dots) could elicit high levels of sustained upwind flight (53–63%) when positioned within the tube such that the males' movements would create both L and T image motion. However, successful negotiation of the tube was also unexpectedly facilitated by patterns apparently providing no horizontal transverse component for flying males but providing longitudinal flow while centering the moth in the plume through a symmetrical left-right input (4–40%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01997435
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MaleHeliothis virescens maintain upwind flight in response to experimentally pulsed filaments of their sex pheromone (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 5 (1992), S. 669-687 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Heliothis virescens ; Noctuidae ; Lepidoptera ; upwind flight ; sex pheromone ; filaments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Aspects of the intermittent fine structure of an odor plume were mimicked and experimentally modified in the wind tunnel using an air-pulsing device. Filaments of a behaviorally active blend of six sex-pheromone components created by the device in a temporally regular fashion elicited sustained upwind flight and source location in male Heliothis virescens.Males did not exhibit sustained upwind flight in significant numbers until a frequency of 4 filaments/s was delivered, at a loading of 1 μg of the major component, Z11-16: Ald, with the other components loaded at their appropriate ratios. A loading of 10 μg Z11-16: Ald was found to be optimal at this filament delivery rate. Electroantennogram recordings to different filament delivery rates of the complete blend indicated that a stationary male antenna can respond to the pulse rates used in this study. Importantly, when a main component necessary for upwind flight, Z9-14:Ald, was isolated into its own filaments and pulsed alternately against filaments of the five other components (including the other component essential for upwind flight, Z11-16: Ald), upwind flight to the source was significantly reduced (9%) compared to upwind flight and source location in response to filaments composed of the entire blend (30%), indicating that the complete pheromone blend must arrive on the antenna simultaneously for optimal evocation of sustained upwind progress. Neurophysiological evidence from other studies suggests that higher-order interneurons whose phasic response is enhanced when the entire blend is presented simultaneously may be of importance in explaining this behavioral difference stemming from synchronous vsasynchronous arrival of the components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01047979
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioral and electrophysiological activity of (Z,E)-7,9,11-dodecatrienyl formate, a mimic of the major sex pheromone component of carob moth,Ectomyelois ceratoniae (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 2331-2352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; sex pheromone ; (Z,E)-9,11,13-tetradecatrienal ; mimic ; (Z,E)-7,9,11-dodecatrienyl formate ; wind tunnel ; attractant ; electrophysiology ; receptor cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The behavioral and electrophysiological activity of a mimic [(Z,E)7,9,11-dodecatrienyl formate] of the major sex pheromone component [(Z,E) 9,11,13-tetradecatrienal] of carob moth was assessed. Wind-tunnel bioassays demonstrated that the formate was as effective as natural gland extracts, and significantly more effective than the trienal alone or than the trienal blended with two minor pheromone components, in evoking source contact. Dispensers containing the formate were as effective as trienal-containing blend lures in attracting males when placed at the same dosage in traps in date gardens. Single-cell recordings showed that at least two olfactory neurons, differentiated by spike amplitude, are located in the long trichoid hairs on male carob moth antennae. Dose-response relationships indicated that puffs from cartridges loaded with at least 0.1 μg of the formate or of the trienal were necessary to elicit spiking by either the small or the large-spiking cell within a sensillum. Cross-adaptation studies demonstrated that both compounds stimulated the same large-spiking cell. The frequencies of spikes evoked from the large cell when stimulated by emissions from 0.1-μg, 1-μg, or 10-μg cartridges of either the formate or the trienal were not significantly different, suggesting that the formate is an effective mimic of the trienal at the antennal receptor cell level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984953
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and bioassay of sex pheromone components of carob moth,Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 1973-1988 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Flight tunnel ; gas chromatography-electrophysiology ; mass ; spectrometry ; aldehydes ; (Z,E)-9,11,13-tetradecatrienal ; (Z,E)-9,11-tetra-decadienal ; (Z)-9-tetradecenal ; pheromone ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Three sex pheromone components of the carob moth were isolated and identified from the extract of female pheromone glands, using a variety of techniques including coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic recordings, coupled gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis, microozonolysis, electroantennographic assays of monounsaturated standards, wind-tunnel bioassays, and field trials. The major component was identified as (Z,E)-9,11,13-tetradecatrienal, a novel lepidopterous pheromone component structure. Two minor components, either one of which improves the upwind flight response of males when blended with the major component, were identified as (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienal, and (Z)-9-tetra-decenal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00992582
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of chemicals mediating ovipositional host-plant finding byAmyelois transitella females (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 599-613 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Host finding ; Amyelois transitella ; navel orangeworm ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; flight behavior ; chemoorientation ; attraction ; fatty acids ; oleic ; linoleic ; palmitic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Ovipositional host-finding in the navel orangeworm,Amyelois transitella (Walker), is brought about by an in-flight response to host odors. Wind-tunnel studies of the response of gravid females to almonds showed that this response is mediated primarily by long-chain fatty acids, particularly oleic acid and linoleic acid. Evidence for the behavioral activity of fatty acids is based on the fact that: (1) behavioral activity of almond oil was concentrated in a single liquid chromatographic fraction whose composition was predominantly long-chain fatty acids, (2) behavioral activity was lost when either almond oil or the active fraction of that oil was treated with diazomethane, (3) full activity was elicited by a selective extraction of free fatty acids from crude almond oil, and (4) upwind response by females was elicited by a blend of synthetic oleic and linoleic acids, albeit at a level less than that elicited by almond oil. Five fatty acids identified from the almond oil were: myristic acid (1%), palmitic acid (16%), stearic acid (3%), oleic acid (58%), and linoleic (22%). Attraction to various combinations of synthetic acids was observed only when oleic acid was present, and oleic acid elicited upwind flights to the source when presented alone; however, short-range responses were enhanced by the addition of linoleic acid, which elicited no long-range orientation by itself. Despite significant levels of attraction to synthetic blends, the percentage of females flying to the source was lower than that flying to acidulated almond oil, the best natural attractant tested. Thus, although longrange response may be mediated primarily by a blend of oleic and linoleic acids, additional and as yet unidentified components must also play an important role. Long-range chemically modulated host finding in this and other generalist plant feeders is discussed with respect to current models of the evolution of host finding, and it is argued that suggestions that long-range host finding should be correlated with narrowness of host utilization are logically flawed and are not supported by our current understanding of specific examples of host finding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00982129
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