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  • Articles  (8)
  • Chemistry  (8)
  • GEOPHYSICS
  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
  • 1990-1994  (5)
  • 1970-1974  (3)
  • Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology  (8)
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  • Articles  (8)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mathematical analysis of potentiometric oxygen sensors for combustion-gas streams (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 40 (1994), S. 1498-1514 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The mathematical tools necessary to describe quantitatively the chemical processes that dictate the performance of exhaust oxygen sensors are developed. Such sensors are used commonly to monitor exhaust streams generated by internal-combustion processes. Calculated results compare well with available experimental results, although several open questions are idetified that require more experimental data. The mathematical formalism for describing the transport of gaseous species through the porous spinel structure protecting the platinum electrode on the exhaust side of the sensor is developed based on the Stefan-Maxwell equations. The kinetic processes occurring at the interface formed by the platinum electrode and the spinel structure, including the oxidation of hydrogen and carbon monoxide and various adsorption-desorption reactions, enter as boundary conditions for the transport equations. The analysis enables one to calculate the sensor's voltage response as a function of the air-to-fuel ratio λ and to investigate phenomena such as the magnitude of the voltage jump in going from rich to lean gas mixtures and the λ value at which this jump occurs.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690400909
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of the donnan equilibrium principle to concentrate uranyl ions by an ion-exchange membrane process (1971)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 17 (1971), S. 1006-1008 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No. Abstract.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690170443
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Controller design for distributed systems via bass' technique (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 734-738 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bass' feedback controller design technique is extended to distributed parameter systems and its use is illustrated for a parabolic system with boundary control.The development of the design technique rests on a conjecture concerning the necessary and sufficient conditions for the asymptotic stability of linear time invariant partial differential equations. It is shown through a study of the discretized analog of a distributed system that the most likely candidate for a Lyapunov functional general enough to yield the necessary and sufficient conditions for asymptotic stability is a double integral with a symmetric kernel.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180412
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Convective diffusion of heat in composite media with heat sources and sinks (1971)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 17 (1971), S. 69-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Convective diffusion of heat is a problem which arises in many areas. Since most thermal transport situations involve more than one material insulation, supports, etc., the treatment of composite regions is of interest. In certain systems, namely, those involving chemical or nuclear reactions, heat generation may be either localized or distributed. In this paper a general analytical treatment of this problem is made by using a double Fourier series technique involving an extended orthogonality concept. This treatment is then applied to the solutions of heat transfer situations arising in electrochemical energy conversion systems. Experimental temperature profiles are presented which test the theory.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690170116
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cadmium-free stabilizer systems for flexible vinyl (1991)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 13 (1991), S. 80-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Recently, cadmium-containing additives for plastics have been designated as undesirable environmentally. Prior to this adverse characterization of cadmium derivatives most flexible vinyl in the United States involving severe stabilizer demand during processing or service utilized metal blends based on cadmium salts. As a result many vinyl formulators have been forced to find suitable alternatives. Replacement of a stabilizer composed of specific levels of barium/cadmium salts in flexible vinyl with another containing the same levels of barium/zinc has been found to give dramatically reduced performance in heat stability tests. Results of this study has shown that satisfactory replacement of barium/cadmium/zinc or barium/cadmium systems in flexible vinyl is possible with barium/zinc stabilizers. This replacement appears to depend on higher barium-to-zinc ratios than those utilized in barium/cadmium analogs, use of special ligands that compensate for the smaller sized zinc cation; and prevention of their destruction by inadvertent addition of competitors.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730130204
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of recent trends on the stabilization of flexible PVC recyclable compounds (1993)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 15 (1993), S. 109-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Environmental regulations have now fostered two trends dominating flexible PVC compounding. These consist of the elimination of heavy metals and providing modified compositions that minimize disposal problems. The objectionable metals are lead and cadmium. In the U.S., lead stabilizers have been used predominately in wire and cable and roofing applications. Cadmium-based stabilizers dominated all other areas of flexible PVC compositions except those applications requiring nontoxic components. The problems and achievements encountered in effecting compliance with the need to replace lead and cadmium usage in PVC compositions are discussed and suggested formulation types are provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730150212
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon resistor gauges for measuring shock and detonation pressures. II. Detonation pressure of carbohydrate-metal composite explosives (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 16 (1991), S. 216-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An estimate of the detonation pressure of carbohydrate-metal composite explosives has been obtained experimentally by use of carbon resistor pressure gauges mounted in the wall of the confining tubes. The composite explosives were formulated from a pharmaceutical mixture of 10/90 nitroglyccrin/ß-lactose by weight, and was rendered detonable by inclusion of flaked aluminum and both flaked aluminum and ammonium perchlorate. The detonation pressure of the nitroglyccrin/ß-lactose mixture with 10 percent aluminum by weight was approximatcly 1.1 GPa. The incorporation of 30 percent ball-milled ammonium perchlorate to this formnlation increased the detonation pressure to 12.2 GPa. These pressures must be considered as estimates of the true detonation pressure, because of (a) the suspected non-ideality of the detonation state of these explosives, (b) the statistical nature of the response of the gauges, and (c) possible inconsistencies in the interpreatation of the gauge records. It is recommended that a number of gauges be used in a given experiment, and the results be averaged as one means of cireumventing the above difficulties.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19910160503
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon resistor gauges for measuring shock and detonation pressures. I. Principles of functioning and calibration (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 16 (1991), S. 205-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The state of the art relative to the measurement of shock and detonation pressures of the magnitude generaled by condensed high explosives is reviewed. Carbon resistors have been shown to provide a relatively inexpensive and direct method for such measurements, provided adequate calibration data are available. The gauge is fabricated by heat-sealing the carbon resistor (470 Ω, 0.125 W) into a suitable plastic material such as polystyrene; when subjected to a strong shock wave, the gauge undergoes compression and the conductivity increases in proprtion to the magnitude of the pressure. The present investigation was concerned with the experimental derivation of calibration equations relating the pressure (in gigapascal) as a function of the conductivity change ΔG (in siemens). The point of inflaction occurring at approximately 2.36 GPa, corresponding to 0.02082 S, is in agreement with previous observations in the literature. Additional experiments are being planned to resolve a problem concerning oscillatory ringing in the gauge voltage records.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19910160502
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