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  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (103)
  • Springer Nature  (25)
  • 1990-1994  (121)
  • 1970-1974  (7)
  • 1920-1924
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thomson scattering measurements of electron temperature and density in an electron cyclotron resonance plasma (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 2732-2738 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electron temperature Te and density ne in the source region of an electron cyclotron resonance discharge have been measured by incoherent Thomson scattering of the beam from a 0.5 J yttrium aluminum garnet laser. This is the first experiment in which this technique, routinely used on fusion plasmas, has been applied to a processing plasma. Measurements were made in an argon discharge at pressures from 0.3 to 2 mTorr and microwave powers from 250 to 1000 W. Velocity distributions were measured both parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic field and a slight anisotropy of electron temperature was observed for low-pressure discharges. Temperatures in the range of 1–5 eV and densities in the range of 2–10×1017 m−3 were measured. Te and ne were found to strongly depend on pressure but only weakly on the input power and discharge magnetic field. No deviations from a Maxwellian velocity distribution were observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353046
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical properties of CdTe: Experiment and modeling (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 3435-3441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The optical response of CdTe in the 1.1–5.6 eV photon-energy range at room temperature has been studied by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The measured ε(E) data reveal distinct structures at energies of the E0, E1, E1+Δ1, and E2 critical points. These data are analyzed using various theoretical models, namely the model dielectric function (MDF), harmonic-oscillator approximation (HOA), and standard critical-point (SCP) model. Results are in satisfactory agreement with the MDF calculations over the entire range of the photon energies. The HOA (five oscillators) cannot successfully explain the peculiar experimental ε(E) data. The SCP model can provide satisfactory fits to the derivatives of ε(E), but does not yield good fits to ε(E). Dielectric-related optical constants of CdTe, such as the complex refractive index, the absorption coefficient, and the normal-incidence reflectivity, are presented and analyzed. Results of the chemical surface-treatment effect on the pseudodielectric functions have also been presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354543
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generation phenomena of localized interface states induced by irradiation and post-irradiation annealing at the Si/SiO2 interface (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 4388-4395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The generation phenomena and mechanisms of localized interface states at the Si/SiO2 interface, induced by irradiation and post-irradiation annealing, are investigated by using 60Co γ rays. In a low dose irradiation of less than 1×106 rad, localized interface states having a peak at about 0.2–0.25 eV above the Si midgap are generated. At a higher irradiation dose, a peak of localized interface states generated by a low dose irradiation is eliminated, and is confirmed to be replaced by a peak of localized interface states that bulge near the Si midgap. This phenomenon is difficult to explain by the water related breakage bond model, but can be explained by the Si—O weak bond stable state and the trivalent Si dangling bond caused by the breakage of the Si—O weak bond. In addition, post-irradiation annealing generates localized interface states, having a steep peak in the Si band gap near the conduction band, which caused the peak of the localized interface states to move toward the conduction band. In order to elucidate the generation mechanism of such localized interface states, we have proposed an acceptor-like trap center model that is generated in the oxide near the Si/SiO2 after hole detrapping and recombined with the interface electrons by means of direct tunneling. To investigate its features, we have also investigated the influence on the local oxidation of silicon isolation structure and the effect of Fowler–Nordheim hot-electron injection after post-irradiation annealing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352776
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new approach for laser particle acceleration in vacuum (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 3237-3245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new approach to laser particle acceleration in vacuum is proposed that incorporates three ingredients: (i) a radially polarized laser beam; (ii) an aligned axicon focus; and (iii) the approximate matching of particle and laser phase velocities. This combination has several important advantages which are discussed. The critical issue in any vacuum acceleration scheme is the inherent backward slippage of the particle relative to the laser beam phase, causing the particles to experience successive accelerations and decelerations. According to the Lawson–Woodward theorem, which applies for fairly general conditions, the net result is no energy gain. It is shown that this theorem does not apply to the present laser particle acceleration scheme, and this is verified by applying an exact solution for the electric field. Indeed, acceleration gradients approaching 1 GeV/m over an interaction length of a few centimeters are predicted for 1013 W laser peak power at 10.6 μm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351442
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of model predictions with detailed species kinetic measurements of XeCl laser mixtures (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 2615-2631 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Detailed measurements of the time-dependent electron density, xenon excited-state densities, and total HCl depletion have been recently made in electron-beam- (e-beam-) pumped XeCl. This paper presents the results of extensive computer modeling of these experiments and detailed comparisons with the measured results. The model used includes updated HCl reaction cross sections and an enlarged xenon excited-state manifold. A reduced Boltzmann equation is used to calculate the high-energy electron-energy distribution function, and the low-energy distribution function assumes a quasi-Maxwellian distribution. These changes are upgrades to prior models. The model accurately predicts the total HCl depletion, the time-dependent electron density for initial HCl concentrations ≥0.16% (4.8 Torr), and the time-dependent xenon excited-state densities for lean ((approximately-equal-to)0.04%) initial HCl concentration cases. The model tends to underpredict the rate of electron-density growth after the electron density begins to run away. Since depletion of HCl is a key factor in understanding the kinetics data, possible mechanisms that can contribute to this process are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.346486
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behaviors of ionization wave packets within finite positive columns (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 7282-7288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Behavior of ionization wave packets was investigated in wave-free positive columns of Ne-N2 and He. The position of envelope wave packet launching was displaced with an excitor along the tube axis, while phases of included carrier waves shifted only a little. The anode end of positive column played an important role in propagation of the carrier wave, causing such a phase shift. The influence of anode end on the wave behavior was explained by a phenomenological model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349775
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ferromagnetic amorphouslike oxide films of the Fe2O3-Bi2O3-PbTiO3 system prepared by rf-reactive sputtering (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 3663-3669 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this paper, the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic oxide films of the ternary Fe2O3-Bi2O3-PbTiO0 system prepared by rf-reactive sputtering are presented. As-sputtered films deposited at a substrate temperature below 400 °C are amorphous and behave paramagnetically. Amorphous films like these whose composition corresponds to the perovskite solid solution of BiFeO3 -PbTiO3 become crystalline with a perovskite structure on annealing in air, but no distinct spontaneous magnetization appears. On the contrary, in certain compositions in the Fe2O3 -Bi2O3 -PbTiO3 system, the samples retain a glassy (or amorphouslike) state even when the samples were annealed at around 600 °C. Also a spontaneous magnetization appears at room temperature. The maximum room-temperature saturation magnetization 4πMs achieved in this system is 1.67 kG with the composition 0.74Fe2O3 -0.16Bi2O3 -0.10PbTiO3. Experiments imply that the amorphous state is essential for establishment of strong ferromagnetism in the sputtered oxide films. Mössbauer spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were performed to examine the microscopic properties of the films that lead to ferromagnetism. The optical transmissivity and magneto-optical Faraday effect of the films are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348483
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic interaction between Co layers and Pd layers in Co/Pd multilayers (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 4826-4829 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetic moment of Co/Pd multilayers where the Co layer is one layer thick has been calculated using the discrete variational-Xα cluster method. The moment of the multilayer per Co atom as a function of the number of Pd layers (nPd) shows a maximum at nPd=3. Moreover, it is found that the magnetic moment at the central Pd layer is induced antiferromagnetically for nPd=5. We conclude that the Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida interaction is dominant, rather than the d-d interaction between the central Pd layer and the Co layers, while the d-d interaction is dominant between the other Pd layers and the Co layers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352046
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-γ inverse Cerenkov acceleration in resonant media (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 4929-4936 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Inverse Cerenkov acceleration (ICA) is a novel approach to electron acceleration involving the interaction of laser light with a polarizable gaseous medium. This technique may achieve very high acceleration gradients and tends to be best suited for the role as an energy booster for electrons of GeV energy or higher. A generic optimization study of ICA is performed to identify the desired properties of the ideal gaseous medium, in particular a medium in which the laser light frequency is near a resonance of the medium. Several factors that can limit the effectiveness of the interaction are taken into account. It appears that acceleration gradients exceeding 1 GeV/m are possible at low gas pressures that minimize problems with electron-beam emittance growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347195
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magneto-optical Faraday effect of porous films comprised of cobalt-substituted barium ferrite fine particles dispersed in a resin (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 339-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magneto-optical Faraday effect of porous films comprised of cobalt-substituted barium ferrite (Co:BaM) fine particles fixed by a resin was investigated. The films were prepared by spin-on process of a magnetic ink involving Co:BaM particles on glass substrates. Porous films were formed when the particle concentration of the ink, f, was low, i.e., f〈0.3, and the coated ink was dried while applying a dc magnetic field normal to the substrate plane. The pit size became bigger when the coated ink was thicker, or the field was stronger. The Faraday effect of the films underwent a drastic change caused by the formation of a porous structure. The Faraday rotation spectrum exhibited dispersion-type behavior and its center wavelength was shifted toward longer wavelength with increasing pit dimension. Rotation angle enhancement was observed, which is considered to be caused by the mode modulation of light due to the existence of the pits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353854
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