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  • 1990-1994  (21)
  • 1970-1974  (7)
  • 1955-1959  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Neuroscience 13 (1990), S. 403-414 
    ISSN: 0147-006X
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 28 (1972), S. 356-357 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The spectral sensitivity of 3 species of planktonic Rotatoria (Asplanchna priodonta, Polyarthra remata, Filinia longiseta) were measured by means of the positive phototactic reaction.Asplanchna andPolyarthra both have a broad maximum sensitivity range around 540 nm and a near maximum at 440 nm. In the UV direction (to 360 nm) the spectral sensitivity increases. In contrast,Filinia has only a maximum of 460 nm in the visible spectrum, but behaves similarly to the other species in the UV region. The ecological significance of these results is discussed, as well as their bearing on a possible dermal light sense.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 81 (1994), S. 415-417 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 81 (1994), S. 415-417 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55.Rz ; 42.60.By
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A conventional pulsed Nd:YALO oscillator was passively Q-switched with a Cr4+:YAG crystal. During each of the flashes, with a repetition rate of 100 Hz, a burst of 27 Q-switch pulses with a half width (FWHM) of 140 ns was generated. The minimal pulse-to-pulse time interval within the burst was about 5 µs. The average repetition rate of these Q-switch pulses was 27 × 100 Hz. Nd: YALO as active material does not show any thermally induced birefringence and therefore a good TEM00 mode was realized despite the high thermal load of the crystal. The 4 × 79 mm laser rod produced 13 W average output power at 1080 nm with an efficiency of 0.5%. In contrast to earlier used LiF:F 2 − absorbers as passive Q-switch the Cr4+:YAG-crystals did not bleach and therefore the system operated very stable and reliable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 166 (1990), S. 545-552 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Honeybees ; Learning ; Classical conditioning ; Selection ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Four strains of the honeybee (Apis mellifera capensis), which were selected for high (N=2) or low (N=2) performance levels in classic conditioning of olfactory and mechanosensory stimuli, were examined in two instrumental visual learning tasks. Bees were trained to coloured cardboards either at the hive entrance or at the feeding station. Positive correlations were detected between olfactory/mechanosensory conditioning and visual learning. Good and poor learners from strains selected for olfactory conditioning differed significantly in their visual learning values. These strain differences reflect genetic differences in a common learning system rather than task specific differences in sensory, motor or motivational components. Parameters that were influenced by activity of the colony (duration of stay at the feeding place, time between visits) also differed among selected strains. These effects were not due to selection. Instead, they reflect a specific genetic background produced in each strain independently of selection. The results indicate that associative learning has a genetic basis which is independent of the sensory stimuli associated with reward, the learning procedure (classical conditioning or instrumental learning) or the motor patterns used to execute the learned behavior (proboscis extension, control for flight behavior, open field orientation).
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 68 (1970), S. 446-449 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Untersuchung der Oberflächenstruktur der Cornealinsen im Komplexauge von Cataglyphis bicolor mit dem Stereoscan-Elektronenmikroskop zeigt keine nipple-Struktur (Abb. 1). Die Zahl der Ommatidien hängt von der Körpergröße ab: die kleinsten Arbeiterinnen (Innendiensttiere) weisen minimal 600 Ommatidien auf, die größten (Jagdameisen) maximal 1200 Ommatidien (Abb. 2). Die verschiedenen Ethotypen unterscheiden sich zwar in ihren extremen Formen nach Körpergröße, Ommatidienzahl und Ommatidiendurchmesser, doch ist der Übergang völlig kontinuierlich.
    Notes: Summary The surface structure of cornea lenses in the complex eye of the desert ant Cataglyphis bicolor was studied with the Stereoscan Electronmicroscop. There is no nipple structure. The number of ommatidia is correlated with the body size: the smallest worker ants (doing service inside the nest) possess 600 ommatidia, the largest (hunters) have 1,200 ommatidia at the most (Fig. 2). As in the case of body size there are sliding transitions between the various ethotypes with respect to the number of ommatidea and also their diameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 75 (1971), S. 86-104 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Das ERG von Paravespula germanica ist ein monophasisch negatives Potential, das bei Licht-an und Licht-aus negative Spitzen aufweist. Die Ein-Spitze und das anhaltende Plateau-Potential ist überwiegend ein extrazelluläres Summenpotential der Rezeptoren, der Aus-Effekt hat ganglionären Ursprung. 2. Durch Helladaptation mit Xenonlampenlicht ändert sich die relative spektrale Empfindlichkeit nur wenig; am meisten noch in UV-Bereich. 3. Mit selektiver spektraler Adaptation lassen sich aus der Ein-Spitze und dem Plateaupotential drei verschiedene Farbrezeptoren isolieren: ein UV-Rezeptor (λ max=374 nm), ein Blaurezeptor (λ max=455 nm) und ein Grünrezeptor (λ max= 530 nm, Nebenmaximum: 389 nm). 4. Der Aus-Effekt des ERGs dagegen kann selektiv nur mit UV-Licht adaptiert werden. 5. Die Diskussion bringt einen Vergleich mit den bisher beschriebenen Farbrezeptoren der Insekten. Die Unterschiede bei der chromatischen Adaptation von Ein- und Aus-Spitze werden hypothetisch auf die ungleichartige Verschaltung der Retinulaneurite in der Lamina zurückgeführt.
    Notes: Summary 1) The electroretinogram (ERG) of Paravespula germanica is a monophasic negative potential, which has negative peaks at light-on and light-off. It can be argued that the on-peak and the continuous plateau potential for the greater part is an extra-cellular mass potential of the receptors, while the off-effect originates in the lamina. 2) After adaptation to Xenon light the relative spectral sensitivity varies only slightly, the decrease is relatively greatest in the UV-range. 3) Through selective spectral adaptation three different types of color receptors can be isolated from the evaluation of the on-peak and plateau potential: an UV-receptor (λ max=374 nm), a blue-receptor (λ max=455 nm) and a green-receptor (λ max=530 nm, a second lower maximum: 389 nm). 4) The off-effect of the ERG can be selectively adapted only by UV. 5) All color receptors described in the literature are compared in the discussion. The differences in chromatic adaptation at on- and off-peaks are hypothetically attributed to different types of connections of the retinula axons in the lamina.
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