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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (65)
  • Industrial Chemistry  (18)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (12)
  • ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
  • Age; AGE; Approximate age of pith; BULUNLAD; Bulun river, Russia; Density, maximum; Density, minimum; Earlywood density; Earlywood width; Latewood density; Latewood width; NHD/WSL; Northern Hemispheric Dendroclimatological Network; Ring width; TREE; Tree ring sampling; WDD
  • 1990-1994  (52)
  • 1970-1974  (22)
  • 1955-1959  (22)
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  • 1
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    Protons as the prime contributors to the storm time ring current (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Following a large magnetic storm (17 June 1972), Explorer 45 measured the equatorial particle populations and magnetic field. Using data obtained during the symmetic recovery phase, it is shown that through a series of self-consistent calculations, the measured protons with energies from 1 to 872 keV, can account for the observed ring current magnetic effects within experimental uncertainities. This enables an upper limit to be set for the heavy ion contribution to the storm time ring current.
    Keywords: ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-70779 , X-626-74-305
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    m-Bromophenolic epoxy resins for electronic packaging (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 198 (1992), S. 51-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Meta-halogenierte Phenole sind bekanntermaßen chemisch und thermisch stabiler als ihre ortho- oder para-halogenierten Analoga. Die Verwendung eines reaktiven Zwischenproduktes, hergestellt durch Bromierung von 2,4,6-Trimethylphenol, als Alkylierungsmittel für den Einbau der stabilen m-Bromphenol-Einheit in verschiedene organische Substanzen und Polymere wird beschrieben. Bei der Anwendung als Verkapselungsmaterialien für elektronische Bauteile zeigten sich Epoxid-Derivate von Novolaken mit m-Bromphenol-Einheiten bezüglich hydrolytischer und thermischer Stabilität den konventionellen Tetrabrombisphenol-A-Epoxidharzen, die ortho- und para-bromiert sind, überlegen. Die m-Bromphenolgruppe verbessert die Bauteilzuverlässigkeit bei gleichzeitiger Erfüllung der Anforderungen an das Brandverhalten.
    Notes: Meta-halogenated phenols are generally known to be more chemically and thermally stable than their ortho- or para-halogenated counterparts. A reactive intermediate, produced by the bromination of 2,4,6-trimethylphenol is being used as an alkylating agent to incorporate this stable m-bromophenol moiety into varieties of organic compounds and polymers. In electronic encapsulation applications, epoxy derivatives of novolacs containing m-bromophenol have exhibited superior hydrolytic and thermal stability as compared with the conventional tetrabromo bisphenol-A epoxies which are ortho-brominated phenolics. The m-bromophenol moiety contributes to the extended device reliability while meeting flame retardency requirements as well.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1992.051980105
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sphärische ionotrope gele carboxygruppenhaltiger cellulosederivate als trägermaterialien für biologische wirkstoffe, IVTeil III cf.4.. Synthese von carboxycellulose und ionotrope gelbildung mit calciumionen (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 178 (1990), S. 95-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Sodium carboxy cellulose with a degree of substitution up to 0.8 can be prepared by oxidation of cellulose with NaNO2/H3PO4 and subsequent treatment with NaBH4. The extent of oxidation increases with raising molecular weight ranging from 170 to 1500 of the starting material. IR and NMR studies show that only the C-6 atom of the anhydroglucose unit is oxidized. The sodium carboxy celluloses show a high tendency to form ionotropic gels even in spherical shape with calcium ions. The mechanically stable gels are characterized by investigation of the swelling behaviour and SEM.
    Notes: Natriumcarboxycellulose mit einem Substitutionsgrad bis 0,8 kann durch Oxidation von Cellulose mit einem Polymerisationsgrad im Bereich von 170 bis 1500 mit NaNO2/H3PO4 und anschließender Behandlung mit NaBH4 hergestellt werden. Das Ausmaß der Oxidation steigt mit wachsender Molmasse des Ausgangsmaterials. IR-und NMR-Untersuchungen zeigen, daß nur das C-6-Atom der Anhydroglucoseeinheit oxidiert ist. Die Natriumcarboxycellulosen weisen eine hohe Tendenz zur ionotropen Gelbildung auch in sphärischer Form mit Calciumionen auf. Die mechanisch stabilen Gele werden durch Quellungsuntersuchungen und REM charakterisiert.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1990.051780107
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über den einfluß von fängern auf die hochfeldpolymerisation von α-methylstyrol (1974)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 175 (1974), S. 2687-2703 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Cation scavengers (N(C2H5)3, H2O, cyclopropane) inhibit the polymerization of liquid α-methylstyrene initiated by field emission (FE). Electron scavengers also inhibit the polymerization with efficiencies declining in the series SF6〉N2O〉CO2〉O2. It is assumed that electrons emitted by the high field electrode ionize monomer molecules. Radical cations formed thereby initiate the cationic polymerization. Thus cation scavengers inhibit the growth of kinetic chains, whereas electron scavengers inhibit the initiation reaction.The polymerization initiated by field ionization (FI) is not affected by electron scavengers. However, cation scavengers inhibit this polymerization.Based on the dependence of the specific polymer yield on the N(C2H5)3-concentration it was estimated that in the case of FE only 1 to 10% of the emitted electrons initiate polymerization. In the case of FI up to 100% of the ions generated at the high field electrode start kinetic chains.During all experiments oligomer (degree of polymerization 3 to 4) was formed in a chain reaction. The specific oligomer yield increased with increasing SF6-concentration significantly when the reaction was initiated by FE.
    Notes: Die durch Feldemission (FE) in flüssigem α-Methylstyrol ausgelöste Polymerisation wird durch Kationenfänger (N(C2H5)3, H2O, Cyclopropan) inhibiert. Die Elektronenfänger SF6, N2O, CO2 und O2 inhibieren ebenfalls, wobei die Inhibitorwirksamkeit in der genannten Reihenfolge abnimmt. Dieses Verhalten wird darauf zurückgeführt, daß von der Hochfeldelektrode emittierte Elektronen Monomermolekeln ionisieren; dabei gebildete Radikalkationen starten die kationische Polymerisation. Durch Kationenfänger wird daher die Wachstumsreaktion inhibiert, während Elektronenfänger die Startreaktion inhibieren.Bei der durch Feldionisation (FI) gestarteten Polymerisation sind Elektronenfänger wirkungslos; Kationenfänger inhibieren dagegen.Aufgrund der Abhängigkeit der spezifischen Polymerausbeute von der N(C2H5)3-Konzentration wurde abgeschätzt, daß im Falle der FE nur 1 bis 10% der emittierten Elektronen polymerisationsauslösend wirken. Im Falle der FI starten bis zu 100% der an der Hochfeldelektrode erzeugten Ladungsträger kinetische Ketten.Bei allen Versuchen wurde Oligomeres (Polymerisationsgrad 3 bis 4) durch eine Kettenreaktion gebildet. Die spezifische Oligomerausbeute nahm bei der FE-initiierten Polymerisation mit steigender SF6-Konzentration bemerkenswert zu.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1974.021750914
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solution behaviour of a liquid-crystalline side-group polymer (1993)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 194 (1993), S. 2047-2061 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Dilute and semidilute solutions of fractions of a liquid-crystalline side-group polymer were investigated by means of size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), static light scattering (LS), density and viscosity measurements. The mass-average molar mass ranged from M̄w = 1 · 105 g · mol-1 to 1,5 · 106 g · mol-1. Large discrepancies were found between the molar mass determined through SEC and through LS. Strong interactions between the mesogenic groups can be assumed by the results of density and LS measurements. Due to the determined characteristic ratio of C∞ = 19,5 a similar chain stiffness as a poly(alkyl methacrylate) of equal length of the side chain is observed. In semidilute solutions an excess low-angle scattering (ExLAS) occurs which increases at higher concentrations. The dependence of the reduced osmotic modulus [M̄w/(RT)](∂π/∂c)T on the parameter x = A2 · M̄W · c was studied.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1993.021940718
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of water in the electrodeposition and doping of polythiophene and two of its derivatives (1993)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 194 (1993), S. 2725-2739 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The galvanostatic electropolymerization of thiophene (1), 3-methylthiophene (2) and 2,2′-bithiophene (3) in acetonitrile, containing 0,002 to 20 mol/L water, was studied in detail. The current efficiency γ for the polymer film formation decreased rapidly for 1, but much slower for 2 and 3 with increasing water concentration cH2O. For cH2O = 0,1 mol/L, γ was found to be 10, 82 and 95% for 1-3. It was possible to describe the experimental γ vs. cH2O plots quantitatively by a model where the electrogenerated radical cations (rc) of the thiophene (derivative) are consumed by two competing second-order follow up reactions, the nucleophilic attack of the rc by water (i) and the rate-determining dimerization of two rc's (ii). Their rates are given by: (i) v1 = k1 crc cH2O and (ii) v2 = k2 c2rc. The side reaction (i) leads to soluble products, while reaction (ii) contributes to the polymer film growth. The ratio k1/k2 was found to be 3 · 10-7, 2 · 10-8 and 4 · 10-9 for 1, 2 and 3, respectively, and this shows that the electropolymerization of 2,2′-bithiophene is by a factor of about 100 less sensitive toward the present water than thiophene. The steady state concentration crc is in the order of 10-9 mol/L in all three cases. The relative insensitivity of doping/undoping cycles with respect to the presence of water is discussed in terms of a lessened reactivity of the polarons and a low solubility of water in the heteroaromatic polymer.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1993.021941008
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early development of the kelp fly, Coelopa frigida (Diptera). II. Morphology of cleavage and blastoderm formationDedicated to Prof. Dr. F. Seidel in commemoration of his 75th birthday. (1973)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 141 (1973), S. 235-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Cleavage and blastoderm formation in Coelopa frigida are extremely rapid developmental processes. In short (6-7 minutes) successive cell cycles, nuclei multiply and spread out through the egg. The movement seems to be aided by endoplasmic vesicles and cisternae which are in direct contact with the nuclear membrane. The first cells to separate from the egg plasmodium in early superficial cleavage stages are the pole cells.Precursor material from multivesicular bodies forms the pole cell membranes. The primary nuclei from the posterior pole region are removed from the blastoderm by the pole cell segregation. Blastoderm nuclei from the regions adjacent to the posterior pole migrate into the residual periplasm after pole cell segregation has been completed and constitute the blastoderm nuclei in that region of the egg. Nucleoli are not revealed during internal cleavage. They appear in pole cells shortly after their segregation. The generation time of the blastoderm nuclei increases after the twelfth cleavage. Concurrently, nucleoli form in the blastoderm nuclei and permanent cell membranes separate individual blastoderm cells. After blastoderm cells have been separated from each other, they remain in contact with the interior yolk sac by means of cytoplasmic canals. This contact is maintained at least during the early phases of blastokinesis. Observations on nuclear migration and rapid membrane formation are discussed as examples of protein assembly from subunits as an alternative to de novo protein synthesis in early stages of development.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051410210
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of standard thermodynamic parameters for the sorption of n-hexane and methanol in zeolites (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 298-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Adsorption isotherms for n-hexane and methanol in mordenite and ZSM5 in the temperature range from 323 K to 473 K were found to be of type 1. The adsorbate-adsorbent interaction (C1) and adsorbate-adsorbate interaction (C2) wee computed according to Bradley and Wilkins model, whereas the Rees and Williams model predicts the adsorption characteristics. Finally, the thermodynamic parameters such as ΔGo, ΔSo, ΔHo, K, K+ have been evaluated for the sorption of n-hexane in mordenite and ZSM5.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130140
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuere Entwicklungen in der Pulvermetallurgie (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 394-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: New Developments in Powder Metallurgy. The new development in powder metallurgy is discussed with special emphasis of technological aspects. The most important meetings held during the last years as well as some other literature have been considered. After introductory paragraphes the basic technologies and then the materials itselves are discussed. The limits to the field of ceramics are fixed by involving metallic hard compounds (carbides), but leaving out nonmetallic materials. Also compound materials with metallic components are considered. In the following paragraph on basic investigations some approaches with importance for further technological development are focussed. The competition with other technological processes, opening of new groups of materials for powder metallurgy, new technological processes, new fields of application, successes and sometimes failures make considerable dynamics in this field.
    Notes: Es wird die neuere Entwicklung der Pulvermetallurgie unter vorwiegend technologischen Gesichtspunkten dargestellt. Hierzu wurden besonders die wichtigen Tagungen der letzten Jahre und eine Auswahl der Zeitschriftenliteratur berücksichtigt. Nach einem einführenden Abschnitt werden zunächst die wichtigsten technologischen Grundlagen (Ausgangsstoffe, Formgebung, Sintern, Drucksintern u. a.) und anschließend die Werkstoffgruppen besprochen. Die Abgrenzung zur Keramik erfolgt durch Einbeziehung der metallischen (Karbide), aber Nichtberücksichtigung der nichtmetallischen Hartstoffe. Auch Verbundwerkstoffe mit metallischen Komponenten finden Erwähnung. Im folgenden Abschnitt über grundsätzliche Untersuchungen wird auf Teilgebiete hingewiesen, deren Bearbeitung auch für die technologische Weiterentwicklung nützlich sein dürften. Durch die Wettbewerbssituation mit anderen Fertigungstechniken, die Erschließung neuer Werkstoffgruppen, Technologien und Anwendungsgebiete, durch Erfolge und gelegentliche Rückschläge, ist dieses Gebiet von besonderer Dynamik.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19720030803
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anodic dehalogenation of 1,2-dichloroethane in aqueous electrolytesDedicated to Professor Dr. Karl-Hans Simmrock on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 371-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A solution of 0.1 M 1,2-dichloroethane in 1 M H2SO4 was anodically converted to CO2, Cl2 and HCIO4 as the main products at smooth platinum. The current efficiency for CO2 exceeds 60% at low current densities, while HClO4 is obtained with about 20% current efficiency. Chlorinated products such as 1,2′,2-trichloroethane are formed in negligible amounts. Platinum plays a distinctive role as anode material and shows a reaction limited anodic prewave. Our experimental findings lead to a mechanism, whereby DCE is initially hydroxylated to form chloroacetaldehyde chlorohydrin which releases HCl and becomes rapidly further oxidized to monochloroacetic acid. The cleavage of the C—C bond proceeds via its anodic decarboxylation. Possible practical applications in the field of anodic water purification and in the direct electrosynthesis of vinyl chloride are discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130150
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