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  • Springer  (31)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (17)
  • Oxford University Press  (3)
  • 1990-1994  (31)
  • 1970-1974  (9)
  • 1965-1969  (11)
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Keywords
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    α-Vertex separator is NP-hard even for 3-regular graphs (1991)
    Springer
    Computing 46 (1991), S. 343-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: PLA-folding ; vertex separation ; complexity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zwei diskrete Optimierungsprobleme beim VLSI-Design sind die Fläche eines programmierbaren logischen Arrays (PLA) zu reduzieren und einen Graphen in möglichst gleich große Teilgraphen zu zerlegen. Wir zeigen, daß eine in der Praxis oft benutzte Flächenreduktionstechnik, das Blockfolding, äquivalent ist zu dem Problem, Graphen durch Wegnahme von Knoten zu zerlegen. Es wird gezeigt, daß dieses Problem schon für 3-reguläre GraphenNP-schwer ist.
    Notes: Abstract Two discrete optimization problems arising in VLSI are to reduce the area of a programmable logic array (PLA) and to separate graphs uniformly. We show that a commonly used area reduction technique called blockfolding is equivalent to separating graphs by vertex deletion. The later problem is shown to be NP-complete even for 3-regular-graphs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02257778
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutron scattering studies of Bi2Sr2Ca0.5Ho0.5Cu2O8+x (1991)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 85 (1991), S. 35-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Neutron scattering has been employed to study the crystalline electric field (CEF) interaction at the Ho3+ site in Bi2Sr2Ca0.5Ho0.5Cu2O8+x. The observed energy spectra exhibit a large number of broad but well-resolved CEF transitions between 1.2 and 73 meV, so that we have been able to unambiguously determine all nine CEF parameters required for the average orthorhombic symmetry. The unusually large line widths of the CEF transitions are shown to be related to the modulated structure. The CEF potential is essentially governed by the charge distribution of the CuO2 planes which turns out to be very similar as in HoBa2Cu3O7-x.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01387785
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lactic acid production from enzyme-thinned corn starch usingLactobacillus amylovorus (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 7 (1991), S. 27-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Bacterium ; Fermentation ; Nutrition ; Optimization ; Liquefaction ; High-substrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary An alternative process for industrial lactic acid production was deveooped using a starch degrading lactic acid producing organism,Lactobacillus amylovorus B-4542. In this process, saccharification takes place during the fermentation, eliminating the need for complete hydrolysis of the starch to glucose prior to fermentation. The cost savings of this alternative are substantial since it eliminates the energy input, separate reactor tank, time, and enzyme associated with the typical pre-fermentation saccharification step. The only pre-treatment was gelatinization and enzyme-thinning of the starch to overcome viscosity problems associated with high starch concentrations and to make the starch more rapidly degradable. This fermentation process was optimized for temperature, substrate level, nitrogen source and level, mineral level, B-vitamins, volatile fatty acids, pH, and buffer source. The rate of the reaction and the final level of lactic acid obtained in the optimized liquefied starch process was similar to that obtained withL. delbrueckii B-445 using glucose as the substrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01575599
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    2,3,7,8-TCDD and 2,3,7,8-TCDF in blue crabs and American lobsters from the Hudson-Raritan estuary and the New York bight (1994)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 52 (1994), S. 734-741 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195496
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Depth to basement and geoid expression of the Kane Fracture Zone: A comparison (1991)
    Springer
    Marine geophysical researches 13 (1991), S. 105-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0581
    Keywords: Geoid topography ; fracture zone morphology ; satellite altimetry ; transform fault ; plate reconstructions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Geoid data from Geosat and subsatellite basement depth profiles of the Kane Fracture Zone in the central North Atlantic were used to examine the correlation between the short-wavelength geoid (λ=25–100 km) and the uncompensated basement topography. The processing technique we apply allows the stacking of geoid profiles, although each repeat cycle has an unknown long-wavelength bias. We first formed the derivative of individual profiles, stacked up to 22 repeat cycles, and then integrated the average-slope profile to reconstruct the geoid height. The stacked, filtered geoid profiles have a noise level of about 7 mm in geoid height. The subsatellite basement topography was obtained from a recent compilation of structure contours on basement along the entire length of the Kane Fracture Zone. The ratio of geoid height to topography over the Kane Fracture Zone valley decreases from about 20–25 cm km-1 over young ocean crust to 5–0 cm km-1 over ocean crust older than 140 Ma. Both geoid and basement depth of profiles were projected perpendicular to the Kane Fracture Zone, resampled at equal intervals and then cross correlated. The cross correlation shows that the short-wavelength geoid height is well correlated with the basement topography. For 33 of the 37 examined pro-files, the horizontal mismatches are 10 km or less with an average mismatch of about 5 km. This correlation is quite good considering that the average width of the Kane Fracture Zone valley at median depth is 10–15 km. The remaining four profiles either cross the transverse ridge just east of the active Kane transform zone or overlie old crust of the M-anomaly sequence. The mismatch over the transverse ridge probably is related to a crustal density anomaly. The relatively poor correlation of geoid and basement depth in profiles of ocean crust older than 130–140 Ma reflects poor basement-depth control along subsatellite tracks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00286284
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phenol and its derivatives as heterotrophic substrates for microbial growth – an energetic comparison (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 42 (1994), S. 446-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  The growth yield coefficients of phenol as well as of chloro- and methyl-substituted derivatives and the respective phenoxyalkanoic acids have been considered in a theoretical study. The yield coefficient of phenol assimilated via the ortho pathway is at a given P/O quotient 9–23% higher than that of the meta route. Chlorine, removed by a reductive mechanism, decreases the yield figure by 10% per chlorine atom; hydrolytic mechanisms are more favourable in this respect. Methylation has a positive effect on the energetics of phenol utilization. Phenoxyacetic acid derivatives have a reduced yield per carbon atom in comparison to the respective phenol derivative. This is compensated for by higher chain lengths of the alkanoic acid moiety. The yield coefficients calculated for phenol correspond to a P/O quotient of 2–3 as compared to the experimental carbon conversion. With chlorinated derivatives, e.g. 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or pentachlorophenol, the apparent gain in energy reflects a P/O〈1, indicating uncoupling effects during growth on such compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00902755
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phenol and its derivatives as heterotrophic substrates for microbial growth—An energetic comparison (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 42 (1994), S. 446-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The growth yield coefficients of phenol as well as of chloro- and methyl-substituted derivatives and the respective phenoxyalkanoic acids have been considered in a theoretical study. The yield coefficient of phenol assimilated via theortho pathway is at a given P/O quotient 9–23% higher than that of themeta route. Chlorine, removed by a reductive mechanism, decreases the yield figure by 10% per chlorine atom; hydrolytic mechanisms are more favourable in this respect. Methylation has a positive effect on the energetics of phenol utilization. Phenoxyacetic acid derivatives have a reduced yield per carbon atom in comparison to the respective phenol derivative. This is compensated for by higher chain lengths of the alkanoic acid moiety. The yield coefficients calculated for phenol correspond to a P/O quotient of 2–3 as compared to the experimental carbon conversion. With chlorinated derivatives, e.g. 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or pentachlorophenol, the apparent gain in energy reflects a P/O 〈 1, indicating uncoupling effects during growth on such compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00902755
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Klangspektrographische Untersuchung der Lautäusserung beim Krallenfrosch,Xenopus laevis (1970)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 26 (1970), S. 435-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three different calls of the clawed toadXenopus laevis are described and their sound spectrograms are presented. The male and female have one characteristic call each, which is heard during clasping after stimulating the mating behaviour with chorionic gonadotropin. A second call of the male is heard without hormone treatment, often after feeding or change of water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01896934
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipoide als zytochemisches Substrat der Bindungsorte basischer Vitalfarbstoffe in Blut-, Epithel- und Tumorzellen (1967)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 10 (1967), S. 309-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die zytochemische Natur der Anreicherungsorte basischer Vitalfarbstoffe (Akridinorange, Nilblausulfat und Neutralrot) im Zytoplasma von Blutplättchen, Leukozyten, Mäuseaszites-Tumorzellen und Epithelzellen wurde untersucht. Dabei stellte sich heraus, daß bei allen untersuchten Zelltypen Phospholipoide oder Phospholipoproteide als Substrat der umschriebenen Farbstoffbindung in lysosomalen Zellstrukturen dienen. Die Supravitalfärbung mit basischen Farbstoffen ist demnach als zytochemischer Lipoidnachweis geeignet, wenn unter bestimmten Bedingungen und unter Einhaltung eines definierten Färbestadiums (Stadium der granulären oder vakuolären Farbstoffverteilung) beobachtet wird. Auf die methodischen Vorteile der Supravitalfärbung wird hingewiesen.
    Notes: Summary The cytochemical character of the substrat for basic vital dyes (acridine orange, nil blue sulfate, neutral red) has been studied in the cytoplasma of blood platelets, leucocytes, Ehrlich Ascites tumor cells and epithelial cells. It could be demonstrated that the vital dyes are bound to lysosomal phospholipids or phospholipoproteins in the different cell types. Supravital staining with basic dyes is therefore considered to be a useful method for identifying lipid material in cytology, provided defined conditions and stades of staining are observed. The advantages of the proposed method are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304313
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement accuracy of semiconductor LDA systems (1990)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 10 (1990), S. 125-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A laser Doppler anemometer with a laser diode as the light source, has several advantages: i.e., low power consumption, compactness, and low cost. In order to be fully benefitted by these favorable characteristics, the measurement uncertainty, associated with wavefront distortion in the measuring volume, should be minimized. Furthermore, proper attention should be given to system misalignment caused by external perturbations, such as thermal expansion of the diode-collimator assembly. These considerations lead to a computational procedure for optimizing the layout of the semiconductor LDA system. Calculations are based on a generalized relation for fringe non-uniformity combined with a simulation model for the anemometry system. For this purpose, the optical field of a laser diode is described satisfactorily as a product of a Gaussian and a truncated Lorentzian distribution. The influence of various design parameters is examined by means of an extensive computational study as well as experimental evaluation involving precise scanning of the measuring volume. The performance is improved by employing a small focal length collimator and a large focal length front lens. For measurement of turbulence intensities smaller than 1%, it may become necessary to collect the signals in the side scatter and to use a frequency-domain signal processor. For such an application, temperature control may also be necessary, but it should be applied to the entire diode-collimator assembly and not just to the laser diode as suggested in previous publications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215021
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