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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (9)
  • *Genome, Human  (2)
  • 65N20  (2)
  • 1990-1994  (7)
  • 1975-1979  (6)
  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1992-10-02
    Description: A unified genetic, physical, and functional map of the human X chromosome is being built through a concerted, international effort. About 40 percent of the 160 million base pairs of the X chromosome DNA have been cloned in overlapping, ordered contigs derived from yeast artificial chromosomes. This rapid progress toward a physical map is accelerating the identification of inherited disease genes, 26 of which are already cloned and more than 50 others regionally localized by linkage analysis. This article summarizes the mapping strategies now used and the impact of genome research on the understanding of X chromosome inactivation and X-linked diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mandel, J L -- Monaco, A P -- Nelson, D L -- Schlessinger, D -- Willard, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 2;258(5079):103-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Genetique Moleculaire des Eucaryotes du CNRS, INSERM, Strasbourg, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1439756" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Dosage Compensation, Genetic ; Female ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Macropodidae ; Male ; Mice ; Mutation ; Sex Chromosome Aberrations ; *X Chromosome
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1992-10-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mandel, J L -- Monaco, A P -- Nelson, D L -- Schlessinger, D -- Willard, H F -- Chipperfield, M -- Pearson, P -- Gilna, P -- Cinkosky, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 2;258(5079):87-102.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSERM, Strasbourg, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1439771" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human ; Female ; Genetic Linkage ; Genetic Markers ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Sex Chromosome Aberrations ; X Chromosome
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computing 48 (1992), S. 73-96 
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: 65N10 ; 65N20 ; 65W05 ; Parallel computing ; group representation ; group algebras ; symmetries ; partial differential equations ; boundary value problems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Gebietszerlegungsverfahren verwendet eine endliche Symmetriegruppe des linearen Gleichungssystems, das bei der Diskretisierung von partiellen Differentialgleichungen entsteht, zur Erzeugung einer Zerlegung in unabhängige Teilprobleme, die parallel gelöst werden können. In dieser Arbeit entwickeln wir eine Theorie für diese Verfahrenskalsse, die sich auf Ergebnisse der Darstellungstheorie und der Algebra endlicher Gruppen stützt. Unser zentrales theoretisches Resultat besagt, daß die Symmetriegruppe kommutativ ist, wenn das Problem in Teilprobleme auf isomorphen Teilgebieten zerlegbar ist. Allgemeine Zerlegungen erhält man dann durch geschachtelte Zerlegungen auf Grund von kommutativen Symmetriegruppen.
    Notes: Abstract The domain reduction method uses a finite group of symmetries of a system of linear equations arising by discretization of partial differential equations to obtain a decomposition into independent subproblems, which can be solved in parallel. This paper develops a theory for this class of methods based on known results from group representation theory and algebras of finite groups. The main theoretical result is that if the problem splits into subproblems based on isomorphic subdomains, then the group of symmetries must be commutative. General decompositions are then obtained by nesting decompositions based on commutative groups of symmetries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 58 (1990), S. 79-93 
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS) ; 65N20 ; CR: G1.8
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary We study symmetric positive definite linear systems, with a 2-by-2 block matrix preconditioned by inverting directly one of the diagonal blocks and suitably preconditioning the other. Using an approximate version of Young's “Property A”, we show that the condition number of the Schur complement is smaller than the condition number obtained by the block-diagonal preconditioning. We also get bounds on both condition numbers from a strengthened Cauchy inequality. For systems arising from the finite element method, the bounds do not depend on the number of elements and can be obtained from element-by-element computations. The results are applied to thep-version finite element method, where the first block of variables consists of degrees of freedom of a low order.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of copolymers of L-lysine and L-valine [poly(L-lysinef L-valine100-f)] containing 0-13% L-valine have been studied, in 0.10M KF solution, using potentiometric titration and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Incorporation of increasing amounts of valine into the copolymers favors β-sheet formation over α-helix formation at high pH and room temperature. The titrations were analyzed using the method of Zimm and Rice and the partial free energy (ΔG0cβ) for the coil-to-β-sheet transition for valine is estimated at 900 cal/mole at 25°C. From the temperature dependence of the free energy, the partial enthalpy, ΔH0cβ, and entropy, ΔS0cβ, of the transition for valine is estimated to be 854 cal/mole and 6.0 e.u., respectively. The corresponding partial thermodynamic parameters for L-lysine are in agreement with published results. The fraction of β-sheet versus pH has been calculated for poly(L-lysine86.8 L-valine13.2) at 25.0°C using the titration data; data obtained from circular dichroism spectroscopy for the same copolymer are in good accord. It is concluded from these results that L-valine is a very strong β-sheet forming amino acid. Furthermore, these results indicate that the Zimm-Rice method is applicable to transitions between the coil and β-sheet states for a polypeptide containing two different residues.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 34 (1994), S. 783-797 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The secondary structure of xanthan in solutions of relatively low salt concentration and at room temperature has been investigated using static light scattering experiments. Additional evidence has been found for a dimeric structure at 25°C in 0.01M NaCl. From the experimental z-average mean square (ms) radius of gyration, a value for the persistence length p has been estimated, taking explicitly into account the polydispersity of the three samples used, which has been established by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) measurements. The experimental particle scattering functions of the three samples are consistent with theoretical estimates for polydisperse systems with the same value of p = 65 ± 10 nm and the molar mass per unit length for a dimeric structure.This secondary structure remains unaffected by the ionic strength in the 0.005-0.0lM range. Partial aggregation seems to occur at higher NaCl concentrations.Light scattering and GPC data show that heating the xanthan 0.01M NaCl solutions to about 70°C considerably reduces the Mw of the low molar mass sample (2.3 × 105-g·mol-1), contrary to what is observed for the high molar mass sample (1.8 × 106-g·mol-1). These experimental findings can be accounted for by a partial temperature-induced dissociation of the xanthan dimers according to an all-or-none mechanism. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 18 (1979), S. 2267-2277 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Pinacyanol in the presence of an excess of poly(L-glutamic acid) [polymer/dye ratio (P/D) 〉 10] exhibits different absorption spectra in the visible region when bound to the slightly charged polypeptide in the α-helical conformation or to the nearly completely dissociated polypeptide in the coillike conformation. These spectra reveal aggregation of the dye bound to the macromolecular chain in both conformations, although in the coillike one different kinds of aggregates may be present. Dye binding is accompanied by the appearance of CD bands in the visible region which are also different for the α-helical and the coillike conformations. The aggregates formed in the presence of the latter change slowly in time and seem to induce some conformational changes in the polypeptide chain. Furthermore, they have been found to be, at least partially, stable with respect to a subsequent reversal to the α-helical conformation. All results could be qualitatively interpreted assuming that in the coillike conformation, ordered regions exist along the chain as proposed by Krimm and Tiffany.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 14 (1975), S. 1313-1313 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: No. Abstract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The hydrodynamics of the bacterial elongation factor EF-Tu have been studied in the presence of its ligand guanosine-5′-diphosphate (GDP) by sedimentation in the ultracentrifuge and quasielastic light scattering. Sedimentation studies have made it possible to establish experimental conditions under which only negligible aggregation of the protein occurs (neutral pH, concentration 〈 3 mg/mL). Analysis of the light intensity autocorrelation functions under these conditions revealed two independent scattering species with diffusion coefficients of 0.71 × 10-6 and 0.04 × 10-6 cm2 s-1. The material with the lower diffusion coefficient, i.e., the aggregates, represented less than 1% of the total number of EF-Tu particles. The other 99% diffused as monomeric molecules with a molar mass corresponding to the value calculated from the known primary structure of the protein. The hydrodynamic parameters derived from the experimental data suggest that EF-Tu·GDP in solution is close to a spherical particle.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 16 (1977), S. 33-41 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In the presence of sodium poly(L-glutamate) at pH = 7.5 the dye pseudoisocyanine in dilute aqueous solution (Cd = 1.10 × 10-5 M) and low P/D values exhibits an absorption spectrum with a very sharp red-shifted J-band. Under the same conditions circular dichroism (CD) in the visible region is observed with an extremely sharp peak at the position of the J-band. At pH = 4.6, where the polypeptide is in the α-helix conformation, no such J-band is observed and no CD spectrum can be detected at the same P/D values. CD spectra in the uv range demonstrate that the occurrence of the dye-polypeptide complex which gives rise to the J-band at slightly alkaline pH is not accompanied by a conformational transition of the polypeptide towards the α-helical form.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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