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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 79 (1975), S. 2515-2519 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 79 (1975), S. 522-525 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 56 (1991), S. 694-697 
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 47 (1975), S. 2050-2053 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 6 (1978), S. 165-175 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: linear pharmacokinetic equations ; number of exponential terms ; amount of information in the time course ; Akaike's information criterion (AIC) ; F test ; ethoxybenzamide ; sulfisoxazole ; bishydroxycoumarin ; diazepam
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract According to linear pharmacokinetics, the time course of plasma concentration of a drug, Cp,is expressed by a sum of exponential functions, Cp=ε i=1 n ai $$C_p = \sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^n {a_i e^{ - b_i t} } $$ .This article describes a statistical technique to estimate the number of exponential terms, n,for the time course of drug by the application of Akaike's information criterion (AIC). Plasma concentrations of ethoxybenzamide, sulfisoxazole, bishydroxycoumarin, and diazepam measured following bolus intravenous injection were used as clinical examples for this method. Selection of models is compared between the AIC method and an Ftest method at significance levels of 5% and 1%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 18 (1990), S. 545-559 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: enterohepatic circulation ; recirculatory pharmacokinetics ; cefixime ; AIC ; FILT ; local moment ; global moment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The enterohepatic circulation of cefixime in rat was evaluated by a nonlinear least square analysis program, MULTI(FILT), into which the fast inverse Laplace transform (FILT) was incorporated. The plasma time course in the bile duct-cannulated rat exhibited a biexponential curve after the rapid iv administration of cefixime. Several pharmacokinetic models for the enterohepatic circulation were constructed based on the recirculatory concept and the Laplace-transformed equations corresponding to these models were derived by means of the method of transfer function. The transformed equations were simultaneously fitted to the time courses of plasma concentration in rats with laparotomy and with bile duct cannula. The optimum model was selected based on the Akaike's information criterion (AIC). The local moment characteristics for a single pass through enterohepatic circulation were further calculated from the time courses of both the plasma concentration and the amount excreted into the bile. The recovery ratio (Fc and the mean circulatory time (¯tc through a single pass of enterohepatic circulation were estimated 27.9% and 1.07 hr, respectively. The recovery ratio (Fa and the mean absorption time (¯ta for the absorption process from the intestinal tract into the systemic circulation were 68.3% and 0.0234 hr, respectively. The recovery ratio (Fb and the mean transit time (¯tb)for the disposition process through the systemic circulation into the bile were 40.8% and 1.05hr, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: recirculatory ; FILT ; MULTI(FILT) ; arterial-venous concentration difference ; metoprolol ; cephalexin ; local disposition ; Laplace transform ; pulmonary elimination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract An arterial and venous blood (or plasma) concentration difference of drugs across the lung of rats was evaluated based on the recirculatory concept. The recirculatory system is given by the combination of the transfer functions for the pulmonary and the systemic circulations and is described by a Laplace-transformed equation, i.e., an image equation. For the manipulation of the image equations, the fast inverse Laplace transform (FILT) was adopted and MULTI(FILT) was used for the simultaneous curve fitting to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters in the recirculatory model. Metoprolol as a test drug and cephalexin as a control drag were infused, respectively into the femoral vein for 30 min, and arterial and venous blood samples were collected simultaneously through the cannula at the femoral artery and at right atrium during and after the infusion. Exponential functions were assumed for the weight functions through both the pulmonary and systemic circulations. Results of the curve fitting showed that the single-pass extraction ratio through the pulmonary circulation (Ep)of meloprolol was about 0.2, whereas that of cephalexin was negligible. The mean transit times through the pulmonary circulation (¯tp of metoprolol and cephalexin were both about 0.5 min, which is small. The singlepass extraction ratios through the systemic circulation (Es)of metoprolol and cephalexin were both about 0.1. and the mean transit times through the systemic circulation (¯ts were 11.5 min and 8.2 min, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 6 (1978), S. 547-558 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: statistical moments ; network theory ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability ; deconvolution ; plasma concentration-time curve ; urinary excretion rate-time curve ; compartment models
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Statistical moments are parameters that describe the characteristics of the time courses of plasma concentration (area, mean residence time, and variance of residence time) and of the urinary excretion rate that follow administration of a single dose of a drug. The relationship between the moments of a time-course curve and pharmacokinetic profiles of drug disposition, i.e., absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, is described. The moments are related to the extent and rate of bioavailability, and it is shown that they can be effectively applied to the deconvolution operation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 14 (1991), S. 181-185 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High performance capillary electrophoresis ; Electrokinetic chromatography ; Creatinine ; Uric acid ; Human plasma and urine ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High performance capillary electrophoresis using a buffer solution containing micelles of ionic surfactant (e.g. sodium dodecyl sulfate), called micellar electrokinetic chromatography, has been applied to the separation and simultaneous determination of creatinine and uric acid in human plasma and urine. The sample was introduced into the capillary by siphoning an appropriate volume of untreated plasma or urine spiked with an internal standard (antipyrine). Creatinine, uric acid, and antipyrine were separated mutually, and from other endogeneous components within 18 min. The calibration plots showed good linearity (correlation coefficient 〉 0.999) over the concentration range needed for clinical analysis. Standard addition tests indicated that the recoveries of creatinine and uric acid from urine samples ranged, respectively, from 97 % to 106 % and 97.4 % to 108 % with a coefficient of variation (C.V.) of 3.3 % (n = 5), and that those from plasma samples ranged, respectively, from 100 % to 112 % and 101 % to 107 % with a C.V. of 4.7 % (n = 5). The results were in agreement with those obtained by conventional methods.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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