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  • 1990-1994  (29)
  • 1980-1984  (16)
  • 1
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Attempted Synthesis of Push-Pull DiacetylenesTwo alternative synthesis of push-pull diacetylenes of type 1 (5-amino-2,4-alkadiynals) are investigated. A bromination-dehydrobromination sequence starting with 5-dimethylamino-2,4-pentadienal (2) as well as the application of the well-known Cadiot-Chodkiewicz coupling reaction give new intermediates 3-5, and 7 and 8, respectively, but fail to give the target molecules 1.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of ‘Push-Pull’ DiacetylenesThe first synthesis of push-pull diacetylenes of type 1 is described. Reaction of perchlorobutenyne (8) with two equivalents of dialkylamine, followed by dechlorination using two equivalents of butyllithium gives lithio-dialkylamino-diynes 7. Final acylation of these intermediates leads to push-pull diacetylenes 1b-1e in good yields. The method allows the introduction of both push and pull substituents in a simple one-pot-procedure. In addition, 1a is prepared by hydroxymethylation of lithio-morpholino-diyne 7c, followed by oxidation with manganese dioxide in acetone.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 74 (1991), S. 1264-1272 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of ‘Push-Pull’-OligoAcetylenes‘Push-pull’ triacetylenes 11a, b, c, as well as ‘push-pull’ tetraacetylene 13b have been prepared by reaction of the corresponding trichloroene(oligoinyl)amines 9 and 10 with 2 mol-equiv. of BuLi followed by acylation. The sequences (Schemes 3 and 4) are very simple and straightforward, they could in principle be applied to the synthesis of ‘push-pull’ pentaAcetylenes 15 and hexaacetylenes 17 (Scheme 5). Main limitations are the moderate yields as well as the low thermal stability of push-pull oligoacetylenes.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 76 (1993), S. 1497-1510 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cucl2-Induced oxidative coupling of 2-(tert-butyl)-6,6-dimethylpentafulvenyl anion 9 predominantly takes place at C(7) and C(5) to give [7-7] and [7-5] coupling products 15 and 16 in 35 and 47% yields, respectively (Scheme 3) whose structures are elucidated from 1D- and 2D-NMR analysis. Compared with the product distribution observed for 6,6-dimethylpentafulvenyl anion 2 (Scheme 1), no coupling at C(2)/C(3) of 9 is observed. This means that, besides electronic effects, steric effect are also important in oxidative couplings of fulvenyl anions. The same couplings occur in the case of 2,3-bis(6,6-dimethylfulven-2-yl)-2,3-dimethylbutane dianion 10 as well but, due to electronic as well as conformational effects (Scheme 5), intermolecular coupling (to give polymers 17, Scheme 4) is strongly favored over intermolecular coupling. Mechanisms explaining base-catalyzed isomerization 15a ⇄ 15b ⇄ 15c (Scheme 6) as well as isomerization 16a ⇄16b (Scheme 7) are proposed.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 65 (1982), S. 74-88 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Fulvene-Dieters: Synthesis, Structure Elucidation and Thermal BehaviourIn contrast to earlier assumptions, thermal reaction of pure fulvene (1a), 6-methylfulvene (lb) and 6, 6-dimethylfuivene (1c) at 227deg; gives oligomeric mixtures consisting mainly of the endo-[4 + 2]-eycloaddition products 2a, 2b and 2c. Thermal reactivity of the fulvenes decreases strongly in the series 1a 〉 1b 〉 1c. While the dimers 2b and 2c equilibrate very easily in solution above room temperature with 1b and 1c, respectively, 2a equilibrates with the isomer 5a (—1, 6-Dimethyliden3a α, 3bβ, 6a α, 6bβ-tetrahydro-1-H), 6 H-bi (cyclopentadienylen). This surprising rearrangement envolves a formal 1,3-shift of the 1, 2-dihydrofulvene-unit of 2a (s. Scheme 4).
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 74 (1991), S. 1489-1499 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ‘Push-Poll’ Effect of ‘Push-Pull’ Oligoacetylenes. A 13C-NMR InvestigationAccording to 13C-chemicaI shifts of ‘push-pull’ oligoacetylenes 1-4, the ‘push-pull’ effect (i.e. π delocalization induced by ‘push-pull’ substituents) rapidly decays in this series. To correct for other than π -charge-density effects, Δδ values of symmetrically placed C-atoms of the oligoacetylene chain are discussed. Stereoelectronic resteffects (SER) of the substituents on terminal C-atoms of PP-ketones 1a-3a and PP-esters 1b-4b are estimated from the residual Δδ of the asymptotes of Fig. 3. Fig. 4 convincingly shows that Δδ values are dramatically decreasing with increasing number n of acetylene units between the push and pull substituents. Assignment problems of ‘push-pull’ triacetylenes 3 have been solved by 13C labelling of the CO group of 3a.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 76 (1993), S. 2089-2110 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and Pyrolysis of a Triafulvene PrecursorIn view of retro-Diels-Alder reactions (RDA reactions), the triafulvene precursor 3 has been prepared in a simple three-step synthesis by dibromocarbene addition at dibenzo-barrelene (11→12; 44%), halogen-Li exchange followed by methylation (12→14, 100%) and HBr elimination (14→3, 62%) (Scheme 3). Reactivity of the so far unknown bridged 1,1-dibromocyclopropane 12 has been explored, including reductions, allylic rearrangements, and ‘carbene dimerizations’ (Scheme 4). First experiments with respect to the thermal behavior of 3 show that RDA reaction, although occurring in most cases, is not the predominant pathway. When 3 is heated in a sealed tube without solvent, two dimers 26 and 27 are isolated in a total yield of 55% (Scheme 6). On the other hand, gas-phase pyrolysis of 3 at 400° mainly produces rearranged 28 (56%; Scheme 7). It is assumed that bridged trimethylenemethane 29 is an essential intermediate in thermal rearrangements of 3 (Scheme 8).
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 76 (1993), S. 2111-2128 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Oxidative treatment of anion 11 (obtained by deprotonation of 6,6-dimethylpentafulvene 10, Scheme 3) with CuCl2 gives a very complex mixture of coupling products 13 (18%), 14 (16%), 15 (36%), 16 (5%), and 17 (6%) (Scheme 4 and Table 2). These results show that the reactive intermediate obtained by oxidation of 11 (which is believed to be the fulvenyl radical 12) has several reactive sites. According to the experiments, reactivity is decreasing in the series C(7) 〉 C(2)/C(3) 〉 C(5) 〉 C(1)/C(4) (Table 2), while simple frontier-orbital considerations would suggest the sequence C(7) 〉 C(5) 〉 C(2)/C(3) 〉 C(1)/C(4). The results suggest that SOMO-SOMO interaction of the approaching fulvenyl radicals 12 is the central effect governing regioselectivity and product distribution, while Coulomb and steric interactions are secondary effects (Table 4).
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 77 (1994), S. 1377-1394 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: According to their spectroscopic behavior, four classes of nonafulvenes may be distinguished, but, so far, only three classes have been identified. Type-A nonafulvenes (including parent 1a) are typically olefinic molecules with strongly alternating bond lengths and a nonplanar nine-membered ring. Type-B nonafulvenes are characterized by four pairs of equivalent ring H-atoms and ring C-atoms. Spectra of both Type-A and Type-B nonafulvenes are not dependent on temperature and solvent polarity. However, spectra of Type-C nonafulvenes (including prototype 1d with R1 = R2 = NMe2) are strongly influenced by temperature and solvent polarity due to an equilibrium 1⇄1± between the nonpolar olefinic 1 and dipolar planarized 1±. So far, Type-D nonafulvenes occurring exclusively in the dipolar form 1± were unknown. Synthetic attempts towards nonafulvenes of Type D are described and problems encountered in nonafulvene syntheses are discussed. Several new cyclononatetraenes and four new nonafulvenes (or nonafulvalenes) 31, 1n, 3, and 5 have been synthesized. Spectroscopic evidence shows that 11,12-bis(diethylamino)nonatriafulvalene 5 is the first Type-D nonafulvene.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 74 (1991), S. 255-274 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra of a series of 8-R1-substituted as well as of 8,8-R1, R2-disubstituted heptafulvenes, varying from inversely polarized (3l) to unpolar (3h) and polar heptafulvenes with electron-withdrawing groups (3d, e, f), have been analyzed and compared with those of methoxytropylium salt 5a. The results concerning 3J (H,H) values and 13C-chemical shifts are shown in Figs. 5 and 6. It turns out that all the NMR parameters are strongly influenced by substituents R1, R2, but contrary to planar pentafulvenes, no linear correlations of the NMR parameter vs. Hammett substituent constant σ+ are obtained in the series 3l → 3d. 3J coupling constants J(2,3)/J(4,5) and J(3,4) are not much influenced by substituent changes in the series 3l → 3h, but are approaching in the row 3h → 3d. Similarly, signals of the 13C-atoms undergo a moderate shift to higher frequencies in the row 3l → 3h, but are strongly influenced by —M groups, whereby the sensitivity is decreasing in the series C(7) 〉 C(2)/C(5) 〉 C(3)/C(4) 〉 C(1)/C(6). These results are essentially explained by a boat conformation of inversely polarized heptafulvenes of the type 3l and an increasing planarization of the ring on going to polar heptafulvenes of type 3d.
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